Unix, (UNIX)
a multitasking, multi-user operating system developed in 1969 by a group of AT&T employees at Bell Labs, including Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, Brian Kernighan, Douglas McIlroy, and Joe Ossanna 1.
Contents
Components
Unix consists of a Kernel, a Shell that provides a traditional command-line user interface as well as a scripting language, and Utility programs. Graphical user interfaces for Unix, such as GNOME, KDE, and Xfce based on the X Window System 2 are called visual or graphical shells.
Philosophy
The Unix philosophy was summarized by Doug McIlroy, the inventor of Unix pipes: Write programs that do one thing and do it well. Write programs to work together. Write programs to handle text streams, because that is a universal interface. This paradigm was archetype of both primary Protocols in computer chess, to communicate with a GUI or game playing controllers and servers, the Chess Engine Communication Protocol, and UCI.
Unix-Systems
Unix genealogy tree 3
Selected Publications
- Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie (1971). UNIX Programmer's Manual. Bell Telephone Laboratories, 5th Edition 1974 as pdf, 7th Edition 1979
- Simson Garfinkel, Daniel Weise, and Steven Strassmann (eds.) (1994). The Unix-Haters Handbook. ISBN 1-56884-203-1.
- Dennis Ritchie (2001). Ken, Unix, and Games, ICGA Journal, Vol. 24. No. 2
- Eric S. Raymond (2003). The Art of Unix Programming. ISBN-13: 978-0-13-142901-7, Addison-Wesley
- Hiroyuki Iida (2011). The 2011 Japan Prize Awarded to Unix Pioneers. ICGA Journal Vol. 34, No. 1 5
Forum Posts
- Compiling for Unix by Pradu Kannan, Winboard Forum, May 08, 2007 » Buzz
- Escape from the Unix Cosmic Background Radiation by Steven Edwards, CCC, September 23, 2014
External Links
- Unix from Wikipedia
- Unix architecture from Wikipedia
- Unix-like from Wikipedia
- Unix philosophy from Wikipedia
- Single UNIX Specification from Wikipedia
- Unix wars from Wikipedia
- POSIX from Wikipedia
- UNIX: Making Computers Easier To Use - AT&T Archives film from 1982, Bell Laboratories, YouTube Video
References
The X-Windows Disaster - How to make a 50-MIPS Workstation Run Like a 4.77MHz IBM PC, Chapter 7 of the UNIX-HATERS Handbook. The X-Windows Disaster chapter was written by Don Hopkins↩︎
Early UNIX Documents - Ancient UNIX - Blog - This Old Micro↩︎
Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie win Japan 'Nobel' Prize, ChessBase News, January 26, 2011↩︎