Create and manage databases Stay organized with collections Save and categorize content based on your preferences.

MySQL | PostgreSQL | SQL Server

Cloud SQL lets you create, list, and delete MySQL databases on an instance. Managing individual databases helps you store and organize application data while isolating workloads across services.

A newly-created instance has four system databases:

information_schema: Provides access to database metadata, information about the MySQL server.
mysql: The system schema. It contains tables that store information required by the MySQL server as it runs.
performance_schema: A feature for monitoring MySQL Server execution at a low level.
sys: Contains a set of objects that helps DBAs and developers interpret data collected by the performance schema.

For more information about MySQL databases, see the MySQL documentation.

Before you begin

Before completing the tasks on this page, you must have:

Created a Cloud SQL instance. For more information, see Creating instances.

If you plan to use the mysql client to create or manage your databases, you must have:

Configured access and connected to the instance with a mysql client. For more information about connection options, see Connection Options for External Applications.

Create a database on the Cloud SQL instance

Note: The maximum length of the database name is 64 characters. For more information on other criteria for this name, see Schema Object Names.

If you don't specify a custom character set and collation when you create your database, then the database has the following default values:

MySQL 5.6, 5.7: (created with Google Cloud console, Cloud SQL Admin API, gcloud CLI, Terraform, or mysql client)

Character set: utf8
Collation: utf8_general_ci

MySQL 8.0.x and later (created with the Google Cloud console)

Character set: utf8
Collation: utf8_general_ci

MySQL 8.0.x and later (created with the Cloud SQL Admin API, gcloud CLI, Terraform, or mysql client)

Character set: utf8mb4
Collation: utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci

If you need to modify the character set or collation configuration of your database after creation, then see Update the character set and collation for a database.

Console

In the Google Cloud console, go to the Cloud SQL Instances page.

Go to Cloud SQL Instances
To open the Overview page of an instance, click the instance name.
Select Databases from the SQL navigation menu.
Click Create database.
In the Create a database dialog, specify the name of the database, and optionally the character set and collation.
For more information about character sets and collations, see Character Sets, Collations, Unicode.
Click Create.

gcloud

For reference information, see gcloud sql databases create.

For more information about character sets and collations, see Character Sets, Collations, Unicode.

gcloud sql databases create DATABASE_NAME \
--instance=INSTANCE_NAME \
[--charset=CHARSET] \
[--collation=COLLATION]

Terraform

To create a database, use a Terraform resource.

resource "google_sql_database" "database" {
  name     = "my-database"
  instance = google_sql_database_instance.instance.name
}

Apply the changes

To apply your Terraform configuration in a Google Cloud project, complete the steps in the following sections.

Prepare Cloud Shell

Launch Cloud Shell.
Set the default Google Cloud project where you want to apply your Terraform configurations.

You only need to run this command once per project, and you can run it in any directory.
```
export GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT=PROJECT_ID
```
Environment variables are overridden if you set explicit values in the Terraform configuration file.

Prepare the directory

Each Terraform configuration file must have its own directory (also called a root module).

In Cloud Shell, create a directory and a new file within that directory. The filename must have the .tf extension—for example main.tf. In this tutorial, the file is referred to as main.tf.
```
mkdir DIRECTORY && cd DIRECTORY && touch main.tf
```
If you are following a tutorial, you can copy the sample code in each section or step.

Copy the sample code into the newly created main.tf.

Optionally, copy the code from GitHub. This is recommended when the Terraform snippet is part of an end-to-end solution.
Review and modify the sample parameters to apply to your environment.
Save your changes.
Initialize Terraform. You only need to do this once per directory.
```
terraform init
```
Optionally, to use the latest Google provider version, include the -upgrade option:
```
terraform init -upgrade
```

Apply the changes

Review the configuration and verify that the resources that Terraform is going to create or update match your expectations:
```
terraform plan
```
Make corrections to the configuration as necessary.
Apply the Terraform configuration by running the following command and entering yes at the prompt:
```
terraform apply
```
Wait until Terraform displays the "Apply complete!" message.
Open your Google Cloud project to view the results. In the Google Cloud console, navigate to your resources in the UI to make sure that Terraform has created or updated them.

Delete the changes

To delete your changes, do the following:

To disable deletion protection, in your Terraform configuration file set the deletion_protection argument to false.
```
deletion_protection =  "false"
```
Apply the updated Terraform configuration by running the following command and entering yes at the prompt:
```
terraform apply
```

Remove resources previously applied with your Terraform configuration by running the following command and entering yes at the prompt:
```
terraform destroy
```

REST v1

The following request uses the databases:insert method to create a new database on the specified instance.

Before using any of the request data, make the following replacements:

project-id: The project ID
instance-id: The instance ID
database-name: The name of a database inside the Cloud SQL instance

HTTP method and URL:

POST https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/v1/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id/databases

Request JSON body:

{
  "project": "project-id",
  "instance": "instance-id",
  "name": "database-name"
}

To send your request, expand one of these options:

curl (Linux, macOS, or Cloud Shell)

Note: The following command assumes that you have logged in to the gcloud CLI with your user account by running gcloud init or gcloud auth login , or by using Cloud Shell, which automatically logs you into the gcloud CLI . You can check the currently active account by running gcloud auth list.

Save the request body in a file named request.json, and execute the following command:

curl -X POST \
     -H "Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth print-access-token)" \
     -H "Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8" \
     -d @request.json \
     "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/v1/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id/databases"

PowerShell (Windows)

Note: The following command assumes that you have logged in to the gcloud CLI with your user account by running gcloud init or gcloud auth login . You can check the currently active account by running gcloud auth list.

Save the request body in a file named request.json, and execute the following command:

$cred = gcloud auth print-access-token
$headers = @{ "Authorization" = "Bearer $cred" }

Invoke-WebRequest `
    -Method POST `
    -Headers $headers `
    -ContentType: "application/json; charset=utf-8" `
    -InFile request.json `
    -Uri "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/v1/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id/databases" | Select-Object -Expand Content

You should receive a JSON response similar to the following:

Response

{
  "kind": "sql#operation",
  "targetLink": "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/v1/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id",
  "status": "PENDING",
  "user": "[email protected]",
  "insertTime": "2020-01-21T22:43:37.981Z",
  "operationType": "CREATE_DATABASE",
  "name": "operation-id",
  "targetId": "instance-id",
  "selfLink": "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/v1/projects/project-id/operations/operation-id",
  "targetProject": "project-id"
}

REST v1beta4

The following request uses the databases:insert method to create a new database on the specified instance.

Before using any of the request data, make the following replacements:

project-id: The project ID
instance-id: The instance ID
database-name: The name of a database inside the Cloud SQL instance

HTTP method and URL:

POST https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/sql/v1beta4/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id/databases

Request JSON body:

{
  "project": "project-id",
  "instance": "instance-id",
  "name": "database-name"
}

To send your request, expand one of these options:

curl (Linux, macOS, or Cloud Shell)

Save the request body in a file named request.json, and execute the following command:

curl -X POST \
     -H "Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth print-access-token)" \
     -H "Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8" \
     -d @request.json \
     "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/sql/v1beta4/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id/databases"

PowerShell (Windows)

Save the request body in a file named request.json, and execute the following command:

$cred = gcloud auth print-access-token
$headers = @{ "Authorization" = "Bearer $cred" }

Invoke-WebRequest `
    -Method POST `
    -Headers $headers `
    -ContentType: "application/json; charset=utf-8" `
    -InFile request.json `
    -Uri "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/sql/v1beta4/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id/databases" | Select-Object -Expand Content

You should receive a JSON response similar to the following:

Response

{
  "kind": "sql#operation",
  "targetLink": "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/sql/v1beta4/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id",
  "status": "PENDING",
  "user": "[email protected]",
  "insertTime": "2020-01-21T22:43:37.981Z",
  "operationType": "CREATE_DATABASE",
  "name": "operation-id",
  "targetId": "instance-id",
  "selfLink": "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/sql/v1beta4/projects/project-id/operations/operation-id",
  "targetProject": "project-id"
}

mysql Client

For reference information, see CREATE DATABASE in the MySQL documentation.

For more information about character sets and collations, see Character Sets, Collations, Unicode.

CREATE DATABASE database_name
  [[CHARACTER SET charset_name][COLLATE collation_name]];

List your databases

To list all databases on an instance:

Console

In the Google Cloud console, go to the Cloud SQL Instances page.

Go to Cloud SQL Instances
To open the Overview page of an instance, click the instance name.
Click Databases from the left side menu. The Databases page lists databases along with their collation type, character set, and database type.

gcloud

For reference information, see gcloud sql databases list.

gcloud sql databases list \
--instance=INSTANCE_NAME

REST v1

The following request uses the databases:list method to list the databases for an instance.

When you list the databases using the API, you see additional template databases and a system database that are not displayed by the console. You cannot delete or manage the system database.

Before using any of the request data, make the following replacements:

project-id: The project ID
instance-id: The instance ID

HTTP method and URL:

GET https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/v1/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id/databases

To send your request, expand one of these options:

curl (Linux, macOS, or Cloud Shell)

Execute the following command:

curl -X GET \
     -H "Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth print-access-token)" \
     "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/v1/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id/databases"

PowerShell (Windows)

Execute the following command:

$cred = gcloud auth print-access-token
$headers = @{ "Authorization" = "Bearer $cred" }

Invoke-WebRequest `
    -Method GET `
    -Headers $headers `
    -Uri "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/v1/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id/databases" | Select-Object -Expand Content

You should receive a JSON response similar to the following:

Response

{
  "kind": "sql#database",
  "charset": "utf8",
  "collation": "utf8_general_ci",
  "etag": "etag",
  "name": "sys",
  "instance": "instance-id",
  "selfLink": "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/v1/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id/databases/sys",
  "project": "project-id"
}

REST v1beta4

The following request uses the databases:list method to list the databases for an instance.

When you list the databases using the API, you see additional template databases and a system database that are not displayed by the console. You cannot delete or manage the system database.

Before using any of the request data, make the following replacements:

project-id: The project ID
instance-id: The instance ID

HTTP method and URL:

GET https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/sql/v1beta4/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id/databases

To send your request, expand one of these options:

curl (Linux, macOS, or Cloud Shell)

Execute the following command:

curl -X GET \
     -H "Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth print-access-token)" \
     "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/sql/v1beta4/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id/databases"

PowerShell (Windows)

Execute the following command:

$cred = gcloud auth print-access-token
$headers = @{ "Authorization" = "Bearer $cred" }

Invoke-WebRequest `
    -Method GET `
    -Headers $headers `
    -Uri "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/sql/v1beta4/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id/databases" | Select-Object -Expand Content

You should receive a JSON response similar to the following:

Response

{
  "kind": "sql#database",
  "charset": "utf8",
  "collation": "utf8_general_ci",
  "etag": "etag",
  "name": "sys",
  "instance": "instance-id",
  "selfLink": "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/sql/v1beta4/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id/databases/sys",
  "project": "project-id"
}

mysql Client

For reference information, see SHOW DATABASES in the MySQL documentation.

SHOW DATABASES;

Delete a database

To delete a database on the Cloud SQL instance:

Console

In the Google Cloud console, go to the Cloud SQL Instances page.

Go to Cloud SQL Instances
To open the Overview page of an instance, click the instance name.
Click Databases from the left side menu.
In the database list, find the database you want to delete and click the trash can icon.
In the Delete database dialog, enter the name of the database and then click Delete.

Note: Deleting a database removes all files in the database's directory, including any files not directly used by the database. Examples of such files are #sql-* files created from interrupted ALTER TABLE operations in MySQL 5.6 and MySQL 5.7.

gcloud

For reference information, see gcloud sql databases delete.

gcloud sql databases delete DATABASE_NAME \
--instance=INSTANCE_NAME

REST v1

The following request uses the databases:delete method to delete the specified database.

Before using any of the request data, make the following replacements:

project-id: The project ID
instance-id: The instance ID
database-name: The name of a database inside the Cloud SQL instance

HTTP method and URL:

DELETE https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/v1/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id/databases/database-name

To send your request, expand one of these options:

curl (Linux, macOS, or Cloud Shell)

Execute the following command:

curl -X DELETE \
     -H "Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth print-access-token)" \
     "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/v1/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id/databases/database-name"

PowerShell (Windows)

Execute the following command:

$cred = gcloud auth print-access-token
$headers = @{ "Authorization" = "Bearer $cred" }

Invoke-WebRequest `
    -Method DELETE `
    -Headers $headers `
    -Uri "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/v1/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id/databases/database-name" | Select-Object -Expand Content

You should receive a JSON response similar to the following:

Response

{
  "kind": "sql#operation",
  "targetLink": "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/v1/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id",
  "status": "PENDING",
  "user": "[email protected]",
  "insertTime": "2020-01-21T22:43:37.981Z",
  "operationType": "DELETE_DATABASE",
  "name": "operation-id",
  "targetId": "instance-id",
  "selfLink": "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/v1/projects/project-id/operations/operation-id",
  "targetProject": "project-id"
}

REST v1beta4

The following request uses the databases:delete method to delete the specified database.

Before using any of the request data, make the following replacements:

project-id: The project ID
instance-id: The instance ID
database-name: The name of a database inside the Cloud SQL instance

HTTP method and URL:

DELETE https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/sql/v1beta4/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id/databases/database-name

To send your request, expand one of these options:

curl (Linux, macOS, or Cloud Shell)

Execute the following command:

curl -X DELETE \
     -H "Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth print-access-token)" \
     "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/sql/v1beta4/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id/databases/database-name"

PowerShell (Windows)

Execute the following command:

$cred = gcloud auth print-access-token
$headers = @{ "Authorization" = "Bearer $cred" }

Invoke-WebRequest `
    -Method DELETE `
    -Headers $headers `
    -Uri "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/sql/v1beta4/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id/databases/database-name" | Select-Object -Expand Content

You should receive a JSON response similar to the following:

Response

{
  "kind": "sql#operation",
  "targetLink": "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/sql/v1beta4/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id",
  "status": "PENDING",
  "user": "[email protected]",
  "insertTime": "2020-01-21T22:43:37.981Z",
  "operationType": "DELETE_DATABASE",
  "name": "operation-id",
  "targetId": "instance-id",
  "selfLink": "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/sql/v1beta4/projects/project-id/operations/operation-id",
  "targetProject": "project-id"
}

mysql Client

For reference information, see DROP DATABASE in the MySQL documentation.

DROP DATABASE [database_name];

Note: If the database's directory contains any files not directly used by the database, the DROP DATABASE command will generate errors indicating that the database directory couldn't be deleted, such as:

Error dropping database (can't rmdir './database_name', errno: 39)
Error dropping database (can't rmdir './database_name', errno: 17)

Examples of such files are #sql-* files created from interrupted ALTER TABLE operations in MySQL 5.6 and MySQL 5.7. To delete these files and complete the DROP DATABASE operation, repeat the operation using one of the other methods: the console, the gcloud command, or the REST API call.

What's next

Manage users for your instance.
Import data into your instance.
Learn about options for connecting to your instance using the mysql client.
Create a database table.
Cloud SQL for MySQL stored procedures.

Try it for yourself

If you're new to Google Cloud, create an account to evaluate how Cloud SQL performs in real-world scenarios. New customers also get $300 in free credits to run, test, and deploy workloads.

Try Cloud SQL free

GeezerVison

Create and manage databases Stay organized with collections Save and categorize content based on your preferences.

Before you begin

Create a database on the Cloud SQL instance

Console

gcloud

Terraform

Apply the changes

Prepare Cloud Shell

Prepare the directory

Apply the changes

Delete the changes

REST v1

curl (Linux, macOS, or Cloud Shell)

PowerShell (Windows)

Response

REST v1beta4

curl (Linux, macOS, or Cloud Shell)

PowerShell (Windows)

Response

mysql Client

List your databases

Console

gcloud

REST v1

curl (Linux, macOS, or Cloud Shell)

PowerShell (Windows)

Response

REST v1beta4

curl (Linux, macOS, or Cloud Shell)

PowerShell (Windows)

Response

mysql Client

Delete a database

Console

gcloud

REST v1

curl (Linux, macOS, or Cloud Shell)

PowerShell (Windows)

Response

REST v1beta4

curl (Linux, macOS, or Cloud Shell)

PowerShell (Windows)

Response

mysql Client

What's next

Try it for yourself