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The checker shadow illusion is an optical illusion published by Edward H. Adelson, professor of vision science at MIT, in 1995.^[1] It demonstrates the context-dependent nature of human color perception.

The image depicts a checkerboard with light and dark squares, partly shadowed by another object. The optical illusion is that the area labeled A appears to be a darker color than the area labeled B. However, within the context of the two-dimensional image, they are of identical brightness, i.e., they would be printed with identical mixtures of ink, or displayed on a screen with pixels of identical color.^[1]

While Adelson's checker shadow illusion is one of the best-known contrast illusions, there are similar effects which cause two regions of identical color to appear differently depending on context:

• The Cornsweet illusion creates a boundary between two identically-shaded regions with a discontinuous gradient, resulting in the opposing sides appearing to be different.
• The Chubb illusion evokes this effect by surrounding zones with others of different, distinct shades, with the relative brightness or darkness of the surrounded area appearing different.
• An illusion closely related to the checker shadow illusion, which also relies on using implied visual shadows to seemingly darken a brighter region to the same color as a well-lit dark region, involves two squares placed at an angle, with the darker square being lit and the lighter square at an angle which receives poor light.^[2]

• Color constancy
• Psychophysics
• The dress

• A high-resolution remake of the illusion
• Real-life simulation
• Explanation of the effect
• Illusion of colors – search for ‘simultaneous brightness contrast’
• An interactive presentation of the effect
• An interactive click-and-drag demonstration of the effect