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DEMOS
DEMOS-DVK 3.0, 2011
Developer	Kurchatov Institute of Atomic Energy, DEMOS Co-operative
OS family	Unix-like (BSD)
Working state	Discontinued
Initial release	1982 (1982)
Final release	2.x / 1991 (1991)
Available in	Russian
Supported platforms	SM-4, Elektronika-1082, Elektronika-85, BESM, ES EVM, VAX-11, PC/XT, Motorola 68020
Kernel type	Monolithic
Default user interface	Command-line interface
Preceded by	MNOS

DEMOS (Dialogovaya Edinaya Mobilnaya Operatsionnaya Sistema: Russian: Диалоговая Единая Мобильная Операционная Система, ДЕМОС, lit. 'Interactive Unified Portable Operating System') is a Unix-like operating system developed in the Soviet Union. It is derived from Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) Unix.

DEMOS's development was initiated in the Kurchatov Institute of Atomic Energy in Moscow in 1982, and development continued in cooperation from other institutes, and commercialized by DEMOS Co-operative which employed most key contributors to DEMOS and to its earlier alternative, MNOS (a clone of Version 6 Unix). MNOS and DEMOS version 1.x were gradually merged from 1986 until 1990, leaving the joint OS, DEMOS version 2.x, with support for different Cyrillic script character encoding (charsets) (KOI-8 and U-code,^[1] used in DEMOS 1 and MNOS, respectively).

Initially it was developed for SM-4 (a PDP-11/40 clone) and SM-1600. Later it was ported to Elektronika-1082, BESM, ES EVM, clones of VAX-11 (SM-1700), and several other platforms, including PC/XT, Elektronika-85 (a clone of DEC Professional), and several Motorola 68020-based microcomputers.

The development of DEMOS effectively ceased in 1991, when the second project of the DEMOS team, RELCOM, took priority.

You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Russian. (December 2016) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the Russian article. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must follow the LLM translation guideline, revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Consider adding a topic to this template: there are already 1,496 articles in the main category, and specifying|topic= will aid in categorization. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Russian Wikipedia article at [[:ru:ДЕМОС]]; see its history for attribution. You may also add the template {{Translated|ru|ДЕМОС}} to the talk page. For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.

• MOS (operating system)

• Mapping Russian Cyberspace — Rafal Rohozinski, United Nations Research Institute for Social Development, 1999
• https://astr0baby.wordpress.com/2016/10/17/soviet-unix-clone-demos/
• https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/odr/usenet-coup/

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