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GeezerVison is showing en.wikipedia.org — Manifesto - Wikipedia

(Redirected from Election program)
For the set of goals published by a political party, see Party platform. For other uses, see Manifesto (disambiguation).

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Spanish manifesto against the invasion of Spain during the Peninsular War

A manifesto is a written declaration of the intentions, motives, or views of the issuer, be it an individual, group, political party, or government.[1][2][3][4] A manifesto can accept a previously published opinion or public consensus, but many prominent manifestos—such as those of various artistic movements—reject accepted knowledge in favor of a new idea.[5] Manifestos relating to religious belief are generally referred to as creeds or confessions of faith.

Etymology

The Italian word manifesto, itself derived from the Latin manifestus, meaning "clear" or "conspicuous". Its first recorded use in English is from 1620, in Nathaniel Brent's translation of the Italian from Paolo Sarpi's History of the Council of Trent: "To this citation he made answer by a Manifesto" (p. 102). Similarly, "They were so farre surprised with his Manifesto, that they would never suffer it to be published" (p. 103).[6]

Features

Although the structure of a manifesto is free, there are frequent characteristics that identify it:[7][8][9]

  • dissertation structure;
  • tone of conclamation;
  • presence of vocatives;
  • the language can vary, depending on a few factors: Who is the manifesto aimed at? Where will it be released? In the newspaper, on the radio, on television? It is customary to prefer formal language, with verbs in the present indicative or imperative tense;
  • Body of the text: the problem is identified and analyzed, presenting arguments that validate what has been said. As the text has an argumentative character (it aims to convince the reader of something), solid arguments must be used;
  • place, date and signatures: both the signatures of the people who participated in the preparation of the text and those that support what is asserted;
  • title: indicates the content of the manifest;
  • it differs from the undersigned in that it is not a claim but a declaration of intent.

Notable examples

  • The Declaration of Independence of the United States (1776) by the Committee of Five
  • The Communist Manifesto (1848) by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
  • The Manifesto of Futurism (1909) by Filippo Tommaso Marinetti
  • Mein Kampf (1925) by Adolf Hitler
  • Industrial Society and Its Future (1995) by Theodore John Kaczynski
  • The Agile Manifesto (2001) by Martin Fowler and Jim Highsmith
  • The Revolution: A Manifesto (2008) by Ron Paul

See also

  • Art manifestos

References

  1. ↑ Merriam-Webster online dictionary definition of Manifesto Archived August 8, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
  2. ↑ "SEOphonist | die SEOphonisten Wahl 2013" (in German). Archived from the original on September 12, 2013. Retrieved September 14, 2013., article on "Wahlprogramm", literally "election programme".
  3. ↑ Dictionary.com definition of Manifesto Archived August 6, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
  4. ↑ David Robertson, The Routledge Dictionary of Politics, Edition 3, Psychology Press, 1890 p. 295 Archived April 25, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, ISBN 0415323770, 9780415323772
  5. ↑ Fahs, Breanne (2020). Burn it Down!: Feminist Manifestos for the Revolution. Verso. pp. 3–7. ISBN 9781788735407.
  6. ↑ Oxford English Dictionary, s.v. “manifesto (n.),” July 2023, https://doi.org/10.1093/OED/6450578191. From N. Brent, translation of P. Sarpi, Historie of Councel of Trent 103.
  7. ↑ Duarte, Vânia Maria do Nascimento. "Manifesto"; Brasil Escola. Disponível em <https://brasilescola.uol.com.br/redacao/manifesto.htm>. Acesso em 26 de abril de 2017.
  8. ↑ Resumo escolar, Características de um manifesto, página visitada em 26 de abri de 2017.
  9. ↑ Mundo educação, Manifesto, página visitada em 26 de abri de 2017.

External links

  • Danchev, Alex (2011). 100 Artists' Manifestos. London: Penguin. ISBN 9780141191799. OCLC 660519141.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manifesto&oldid=1376280573"
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  • Manifestos
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