Fan labor, also called fan works, are the creative activities engaged in by fans, primarily those of various media properties or musical groups.[1][2] These activities can include creation of written works (fiction, fan fiction and review literature), visual or computer-assisted art, films and videos, animations, games, music, or applied arts and costuming.
Fan fiction has existed since the 17th century.[3][4] They are literary works produced by fans of a given media property, rather than the original creator. They may expand on an original story line, character relationship, or situations and entities that were originally mentioned in the original author's work. Works of fan fiction are usually unauthorized by the original work's owner, creator, or publisher.
Fandom analytics is a practice that is focused on the analysis of fan works in order to discuss and forecast trends and variations within and across fandoms.[5]
Traditional visual arts
Fan art is artwork based on a character, costume, item, or story that was created by someone other than the artist. Usually, it refers to fan labor artworks by amateur and unpaid artists. In addition to traditional paintings and drawings, fan artists may also create web banners, avatars, or web-based animations, as well as photo collages, posters, and artistic representation of movie/show/book quotes.
Computer-aided visual arts
A booth screening a Star Wars fan film at a convention
A fan film is a film or video inspired by a media source, created by fans rather than by the source's copyright holders or creators. Fan films vary may vary in length.
Fanvids are music videos made by remixing existing media from TV shows or movies.
Fans of video games have been creating machinima since 1996.[6] Machinima creators use computer game engines to create "actors" and create scenarios for them to perform in, using the physics and character generation tools of the game. The scripts, as performed by the computer-generated characters, are recorded and distributed to viewers online.[7]
Reanimated collaborations involve each fan animating a shot of an existing film in their own unique style. The clips are then stitched together to produce a collaborative tribute, sometimes with over 500 animators on a single film. Reanimated projects have been produced in honor of Looney Tunes, SpongeBob, The Simpsons, Kirby, and Zelda CDi, among others.[8][9][10][11][12] Participants generally expect little or no profit.[13][14]
Some fandoms are known to produce music as a form of fan labor that is usually classified as filk. Filking is often done in small groups at conventions, often late at night after other official convention programming has ended for the day; additionally, there are now dedicated filk conventions in Canada, England, Germany, and the United States.
The brony fandom has developed a vast musical subculture, often referred to as brony music.[16][17]
Most fan labor products are derivative works, meaning they are creative additions or modifications to an existing copyrighted work, or they are original creations which are inspired by a specific copyrighted work . Some or all of these works may fall into the legal category of transformative works (such as a parody of the original), which are protected as fair use under U.S. copyright law.
↑You're in charge! – From vital patches to game cancellations, players are often intimately involved. by Christian Donlan on Eurogamer"Supreme Commander fans released Forged Alliance Forever and gave the game the online client it could otherwise only dream of. I haven't played it much, but I still got a tear in my eye when I read about the extents these coders had gone to. There's nothing quite so wonderful to witness as love, and this is surely love of the very purest order. [...] SupCom guys resurrect a series whose publisher had just gone under." (2013-11-02)
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