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This article is about the numerous varieties of divination. For divination as a whole, see
Divination .
Methods of divination can be found around the world, and many cultures practice the same methods under different names. During the Middle Ages , scholars coined terms for many of these methods—some of which had hitherto been unnamed—in Medieval Latin , very often utilizing the suffix -mantia when the art seemed more mystical (ultimately from Ancient Greek μαντεία , manteía , 'prophecy' or 'the power to prophesy') and the suffix -scopia when the art seemed more scientific (ultimately from Greek σκοπεῖν , skopeîn , 'to observe'). Names like drimimantia , nigromantia , and horoscopia arose, along with phrenology and physiognomy .[ 1]
Some forms of divination are much older than the Middle Ages, like haruspication , while others such as coffee-based tasseomancy originated in the 20th and 21st centuries.
The chapter "How Panurge consulteth with Herr Trippa" of Gargantua and Pantagruel , a parody on occult treatises of Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa , contains a list of over two dozen "mancies", described as "common knowledge".[ 2]
A
An arithmancer from Atalanta Fugiens (1618), by Michael Maier
abacomancy /ˈ æ b ə k oʊ m æ n s i / (also amathomancy ): by dust (Hebrew ’ābāq , ' dust ' + Greek manteía , ' prophecy ' )
acultomancy /ə ˈ k ʌ l t oʊ m æ n s i / (also acutomancy ): by needles (from acutomancy below, influenced by Latin acus , ' needle ' , or acūleus , ' prickle, thorn ' )
acutomancy /ə ˈ k juː t oʊ m æ n s i / → see acultomancy (Latin acus [acut- ], ' needle ' + Greek manteía , ' prophecy ' )
adromancy /ˈ æ d r oʊ m æ n s i / → see alomancy (from idromancy below, influenced by alomancy )
adryomancy → see hydromancy (metathesis of hydromancy )
aeromancy /ˈ ɛər oʊ m æ n s i / : by atmospheric conditions (Greek āēr , ' air ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
agalmatomancy /ə ˈ ɡ ɔː l m ə t oʊ m æ n s i / : by statues (Greek ágalma [agálmatos ], ' statue ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
aichmomancy /ˈ ɛ k m oʊ m æ n s i / : by sharp objects (Greek aikhmē , ' spearhead ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
ailuromancy /aeluromancy → see theriomancy
aiomancy : By artificial intelligence
alectormancy /alectromancy /ə ˈ l ɛ k t r oʊ m æ n s i / : by rooster sacrifice (Greek alektor , ' rooster ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
alectryomancy /alectoromancy : by rooster divination → see theriomancy
aleuromancy ¹ /ə ˈ lj ʊər oʊ m æ n s i / : by flour; see also chartomancy (Greek áleuron , 'meal ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
alomancy /Halomancy /ˈ æ l oʊ m æ n s i / (also adromancy ): by salt (Greek háls , ' salt ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
alphitomancy /ˈ æ l f ɪ t oʊ m æ n s i / : by barley (Greek alphis [alphit- ], ' barley ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
alveromancy /æ l ˈ v ɪər oʊ m æ n s i / : by sounds
amathomancy /ˈ æ m ə θ oʊ m æ n s i / → see abacomancy by sand (Greek amathos , ' sandy soil ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
ambulomancy /ˈ æ m b j ʊ l oʊ m æ n s i / : by walking (Latin ambulāre , ' to walk ' + Greek manteía , ' prophecy ' )
amniomancy /ˈ æ m n i oʊ m æ n s i / : by placenta (Greek amniōn , 'amnion ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
anemoscopy /anemomancy /ˌ æ n ɪ ˈ m ɒ s k oʊ p i / : by wind (Greek anemos , ' wind ' + -skopiā , ' observation ' )
anthomancy /ˈ æ n θ oʊ m æ n s i / : by flowers (Greek anthos , ' flower ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
anthracomancy /ˈ æ n θ r ə k oʊ m æ n s i / : by burning coals (Greek anthrax [anthrak- ], ' charcoal ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
anthropomancy /æ n ˈ θ r ɒ p oʊ m æ n s i / : by human sacrifice (Greek anthrōpos , ' human being ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
anthroposcopy /æ n θ r oʊ ˈ p ɒ s k oʊ p i / : by physical appearance (Greek anthrōpos , ' human being ' + -skopiā , ' observation ' )
apantomancy /ə ˈ p æ n t oʊ m æ n s i / : by chance encounters with animals (Greek apantein , ' to encounter ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
arachnomancy /ə ˈ r æ k n oʊ m æ n s i / : by spiders (Greek arakhnē , ' spider ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
archeomancy /archaeomancy /ˈ ɑːr k i oʊ m æ n s i / : by sacred relics (Greek arkhaios , ' ancient ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
ariolation /ˌ æ r i oʊ ˈ l eɪ ʃ ən / : by altars (Latin ariolus , hariolus , ' prophet ' )
arithmancy : assigning numerical value to a word or phrase
armomancy /ˈ ɑːr m oʊ m æ n s i / : by one's own shoulders (Latin armus , ' shoulder ' + Greek manteía , ' prophecy ' )
årsgång , archaic form of Swedish divination
aruspicina : study of entrails[ 3]
aspidomancy /ˈ æ s p ɪ d oʊ m æ n s i / : by sitting in a drawn circle or on a shield (Greek aspis [aspid-] , ' shield ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
astragalomancy /astragalamancy → see cleromancy
astragyromancy → see cleromancy (from astragalomancy above, perhaps influenced by Greek guros , ' spiral, circle ' , and therefore vertebra )
astrapomancy /ˈ æ s t r ə p oʊ m æ n s i / : by lightning (Greek astrapē , ' lightning flash ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
astrology /astromancy / /ə ˈ s t r ɒ l oʊ dʒ i / : by celestial bodies (Greek astron , ' star ' + -logiā , ' study ' ). This method was widespread in medieval period, particularly in Mesopotamia.[ 4]
augury /ˈ ɔː ɡ jʊər i / → see theriomancy
auramancy /ˈ ɔː r əm æ n s i / : by auras (Greek aurā , ' breath ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
auspicy /auspication → see theriomancy (Latin avis , ' bird ' + specere , ' to look at ' )
austromancy → see theriomancy /ˈ ɔː s t r oʊ m æ n s i / : by wind (Latin auster , ' south wind ' + Greek manteía , ' prophecy ' )
avimancy → see orniscopy (Latin avis , ' bird ' + Greek manteía , ' prophecy ' )
axiomancy /axinomancy /ˈ æ k s i oʊ m æ n s i / : by axes (Latin axis , ' axis ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
B
batraquomancy /batrachomancy /b ə ˈ t r æ k oʊ m æ n s i / : by frogs (Greek batrakhos , ' frog ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
belomancy /bolomancy /ˈ b ɛ l oʊ m æ n s i / : by arrows (from bolomancy below, influenced by Greek belemnon , ' javelin ' , or belonē , ' needle ' )
bibliomancy → see chartomancy
biorhythmic divination : by biorhythms
bletonism /bletonomancy /ˈ b l ɛ t ən ɪ z əm / : by water current (named for Monsieur Bleton , a French bletonist)
bolomancy /ˈ b ɒ l oʊ m æ n s i / → see belomancy (Greek bolē , ' arrow ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
bone-throwing : the tossing of pieces of bone or wood, practiced by various cultures[ 5] [ 6]
botanomancy /b oʊ ˈ t æ n oʊ m æ n s i / : by burning pieces of plants, documented with burning vervain and briar .[ 7] (Greek botanē , 'flora ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
brizomancy → see oneiromancy (Greek brizein , ' to be sleepy ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
brontomancy /brontoscopy /ˈ b r ɒ n t oʊ m æ n s i / : by thunder (Greek brontē , ' thunder ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
bumpology /b ʌ m ˈ p ɒ l oʊ dʒ i / : by bumps on the skin (English bump + Greek -logiā , ' study ' )
C
cabala → see kabbalah
canomancy /ˈ k æ n oʊ m æ n s i / or /ˈ k eɪ n oʊ m æ n s i / : by dogs (Latin canis , ' dog ' + Greek manteía , ' prophecy ' )
capnomancy /ˈ k æ p n oʊ m æ n s i / : by smoke (Greek kapnos , ' smoke ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
carromancy /ˈ k æ r oʊ m æ n s i / : by melting wax (Greek karrō , ' of wax ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
cartopedy → see somatomancy (Latin carta , ' papyrus paper ' + pēs [pēd- ], ' foot ' )
cartomancy → see chartomancy
catoptromancy /captromancy → see scrying
causimancy /causimomancy /ˈ k ɔː z ɪ m æ n s i / : by burning (Greek kaiein [kaus- ], ' to burn ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
cephalomancy → see somatomancy
cephaleonomancy /cephalonomancy /ˌ s ɛ f ə l i ˈ ɒ n oʊ m æ n s i / : by boiling a donkey's head (Greek kephalaion , ' head ' [with meaning influenced by Greek onos , ' donkey ' ] + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
ceraunoscopy /ˌ s ɛ r ə ˈ n ɒ s k oʊ p i / : by thunder and lightning (Greek keraunos , ' thunderbolt ' + -skopiā , ' observation ' )
ceromancy /ceroscopy /ˈ s ɛ r oʊ m æ n s i / : by dripping wax in water (Greek kēros , ' wax ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
chalcomancy : by striking gongs or copper bowls (Greek khalkos , ' copper ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
chaomancy /ˈ k eɪ oʊ m æ n s i / : by aerial visions (Greek khaos , 'primordial space ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
chartomancy /ˈ k ɑːr t oʊ m æ n s i / : by things on paper (Greek khartēs , ' papyrus paper ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
cheiromancy /chiromancy → see somatomancy
cheirognomy /chirognomy → see somatomancy
chien tung → see kau cim
choriomancy /ˈ k ɒr i oʊ m æ n s i / : by pig bladders (Greek khorion , 'placenta ' + mantiea , ' prophecy ' )
chresmomancy /ˈ k r ɛ s m oʊ m æ n s i / : by the ravings of lunatics (Greek khrēsmos , ' oracular utterance ' , chresm + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
chronomancy /ˈ k r ɒ n oʊ m æ n s i / : by apt occasion (Greek khronos , ' time ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
cineromancy /ceneromancy → see spodomancy /ˈ s ɪ n ər oʊ m æ n s i / (Latin cinis [ciner- ], ' ashes ' + Greek manteía , ' prophecy ' )
clamancy (see also Fāl-gūsh ): by random shouts and cries heard in crowds, at night, etc. (Latin clāmāre , ' to cry out ' + Greek manteía , ' prophecy ' )
cledonism /cledonomancy /ˈ k l ɛ d oʊ n ɪ z əm / : by chance events or overheard words (Greek klēdon , ' rumor ' )
cleidomancy /clidomancy /ˈ k l aɪ d oʊ m æ n s i / : by keys (Greek kleis [kleid- ], ' key ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
cleromancy /ˈ k l ɛ r oʊ m æ n s i / : by casting (Greek klēros , 'lot ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
cometomancy /k oʊ ˈ m ɛ t oʊ m æ n s i / : by comet tails (Greek komētēs , ' comet ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
colormancy /coloromancy : by colors (English color + Greek manteía , ' prophecy ' )
conchomancy /ˈ k ɒ ŋ k oʊ m æ n s i / : by shells (Greek konkhē , 'mussel ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
cosquinomancy /coscinomancy /k oʊ ˈ s ɪ n oʊ m æ n s i / : by hanging sieves (Greek koskinōn , ' sieve ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
cottabomancy /cottobomancy /ˈ k ɒ t ə b oʊ m æ n s i / : by wine in a brass bowl (Greek kottabos , 'cottabus ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
craniognomy /ˌ k r eɪ n i ˈ ɒ ɡ n oʊ m i / or /ˌ k r eɪ n i ˈ ɒ n əm i / → see somatomancy (Greek krānion , ' skull ' + -gnōmoniā , ' interpretation ' )
the crawling baby : by a baby's crawling
crithomancy /critomancy /ˈ k r ɪ θ oʊ m æ n s i / : by barley cakes (Greek krithē , ' barley ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
cromnyomancy /cromniomancy /ˈ k r ɒ m n i oʊ m æ n s i / : by onion sprouts (alteration of Greek krommuon , ' onion ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
cryptomancy /ˈ k r ɪ p t oʊ m æ n s i / : by omens (Greek kruptos , ' hidden ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
cryomancy /ˈ k r aɪ oʊ m æ n s i / : by ice (Greek kryo , ' ice ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
crystal ball gazing → see scrying
crystal gazing → see scrying
crystallomancy /ˈ k r ɪ s t ə l oʊ m æ n s i / → see scrying (Greek krustallos , ' crystal ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
cubomancy /ˈ k juː b oʊ m æ n s i / → see cleromancy (Greek kubos , ' cube ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
cyathomancy /ˈ s aɪ ə θ oʊ m æ n s i / : by cups (Greek kuathos , ' cup ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
cybermancy /ˈ s aɪ b ər m æ n s i / : by computer oracles (English cyber(netics) + Greek manteía , ' prophecy ' )
cyclicomancy /ˈ s ɪ k l ɪ k oʊ m æ n s i / : by swirling water in a cup (Greek kuklikos , ' cyclical, circular ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
cyclomancy /ˈ s ɪ k l oʊ m æ n s i / or /ˈ s aɪ k l oʊ m æ n s i / : by wheels (Greek kuklos , ' circle ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
D
dactyliomancy /d æ k ˈ t ɪ l i oʊ m æ n s i / : by finger rings (Greek daktulios , ' finger ring ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
dactylomancy /ˈ d æ k t ɪ l oʊ m æ n s i / : by means of finger movements (Greek daktulos , ' finger ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
daphnomancy /ˈ d æ f n oʊ m æ n s i / : by burning laurel wreaths (Greek daphnē , ' laurel ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
demonomancy /d ɪ ˈ m ɒ n oʊ m æ n s i / : by demons (Greek daimōn , ' divine power ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
dendromancy /ˈ d ɛ n d r oʊ m æ n s i / : by trees, especially oaks , yews , or mistletoe (Greek dendron , ' tree ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
deuteroscopy /ˌ dj uː t ə ˈ r ɒ s k oʊ p i / : by second glance or double take (Greek deuteros , ' secondary ' + -skopiā , ' observation ' )
dictiomancy /ˈ d ɪ k ʃ oʊ m æ n s i / : by randomly opening a dictionary (English dictio(nary) + Greek manteía , ' prophecy ' )
divining → see dowsing
djubed → see scrying
dōbutsu uranai : by animal horoscope (Japanese dōbutsu , ' animal ' + uranai , ' prognostication ' )
domino divination → see cleromancy
dowsing (also divining , water witching ): by a divining rod (of unknown origin)
dracomancy /ˈ d r æ k oʊ m æ n s i / : by dragons (Greek drakōn , ' dragon ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
dream interpretation
dream questions : by dreaming
dririmancy /driromancy /ˈ d r ɪər ɪ m æ n s i / : by dripping blood [ 10] (alteration of drimimancy , influenced by Middle English drir , ' blood ' ). Compare hemotomancy.
drimimancy /drymimancy /ˈ d r ɪ m ɪ m æ n s i / : by bodily fluids (Greek drimus , ' pungent ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
E
electromancy : by lightning and electricity (Greek ilektros ' electric ' + manteía ' prophecy ' )
eleomancy /elaeomancy : by oil (Greek elaion , olive ' oil ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
emonomancy → see demonomancy
empirimancy : by experiment/experience
empyromancy /ɛ m ˈ p aɪər oʊ m æ n s i / : by burning (Greek empurios , ' fiery ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
encromancy : by oil ink stains (Greek elaion ' oil ink ' + manteía ' prophecy ' )
enochian chess : by playing a four·handed variant of the game
enoptromancy /ɛ ˈ n ɒ p t r oʊ m æ n s i / → see scrying (Greek enoptron , 'looking glass ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
enthusiasm : speeches by those supposed to be possessed by a divine spirit[ 11]
entomomancy /entomancy : by insects (Greek entomon , ' insect ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
eromancy /ˈ ɛ r oʊ m æ n s i / : by water vessels exposed to air (Greek āēr , ' air ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' ) — cf. aeromancy
extispicy /extispication /ɛ k ˈ s t ɪ s p ɪ s i / : by the remains of sacrificed animals (Latin exta , ' entrails ' + specere , ' to look at ' )
G
galvanoscopy /ˌ ɡ æ l v ə ˈ n ɒ s k oʊ p i / : by galvanism (English galvan(ism) + Greek -skopiā , ' observation ' )
gastromancy ¹ → see scrying
gastromancy² /ˈ ɡ æ s t r oʊ m æ n s i / : by guttural sounds (Greek gastēr , ' belly ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
geomancy /ˈ dʒ iː oʊ m æ n s i / : by earth (Greek gaîa |gê , ' earth ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
geloscopy /dʒ ɪ ˈ l ɒ s k oʊ p i / : by laughter (Greek gelōs , ' laughter ' + -skopiā , ' observation ' )
gematria : by the Hebrew alphabet (Greek gē , ' earth ' + -metriā , ' measurement ' )
genethlialogy : by birth dates (Greek genethlios , 'birthday ' + -logiā , ' study ' )
grammomancy /ˈ ɡ r æ m oʊ m æ n s i / : by writing individual letters (Greek gramma , ' letter ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
graphology /ɡ r æ ˈ f ɒ l oʊ dʒ i / (also graptomancy ): by studying handwriting (Greek graphē , ' writing ' + -logiā , ' study ' )
graptomancy /ˈ ɡ r æ p t oʊ m æ n s i / → see graphology (Greek graptos , ' written ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
gyromancy /ˈ dʒ aɪər oʊ m æ n s i / : by dizziness (Greek gūros , ' spiral ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
H
hagiomancy : by saints (Greek hagios , ' holy ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
halomancy /ˈ h æ l oʊ m æ n s i / → see alomancy
hakata : by bones or dice
haruspicy /haruspication /h ə ˈ r ʌ s p ɪ s i / → see hepatoscopy (Latin haru- , ' entrails ' + specere , ' to look at ' )
heliomancy : by the Sun (Greek helio , ' sun ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
hematomancy /haematomancy /ˈ h ɛ m ə t oʊ m æ n s i , ˈ h iː -/ : by blood (Greek haima [haimat- ], ' blood ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
hepatoscopy /hepatomancy /ˈ h ɛ p ə t oʊ m æ n s i / (also haruspicy , haruspication ): by liver (Greek hēpar [hēpat- ], ' liver ' + -skopiā , ' observation ' )
hieromancy /hieroscopy /ˈ h aɪər oʊ m æ n s i / : by studying sacrifices' entrails (Greek hieros , ' holy ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
hippomancy → see theriomancy
horoscopy /h oʊ ˈ r ɒ s k oʊ p i / : aspect of the Stars at nativity[ 13] (Greek hōrā , ' season ' + -skopiā , ' observation ' )
hydatomancy : by rainwater (Greek hudatis , ' raindrop ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
hydromancy /hydroscopy → see scrying
hyomancy : by wild hogs (Greek hūs , ' swine ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
hypnomancy /ˈ h ɪ p n oʊ m æ n s i / : by sleep (Greek hupnos , ' sleep ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
I
I Ching divination : by yarrow stalks or coins
ichnomancy /ˈ ɪ k n oʊ m æ n s i / : by footprints (Greek ikhnos , ' track ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
ichthyomancy → see theriomancy
iconomancy /aɪ ˈ k ɒ n oʊ m æ n s i / : by icons (Greek eikōn , ' image ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
idolomancy /aɪ ˈ d ɒ l oʊ m æ n s i / : by idols (Greek eidōlon , ' phantom ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
idromancy → see alomancy (Greek idrōs , ' sweat ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
ifá : geomancy patterns generated with palm nuts, opele, cowrie shells, etc. that refer to Ifa divination texts; a collection of Odu Ifa verses
iridology : by eye color (Greek īris [īrid- ], 'iris ' + -logiā , ' study ' )
isopsephy : by numbers and letters (Greek īsos , ' equal ' + psephos , ' pebble ' )
L
labiomancy /ˈ l eɪ b i oʊ m æ n s i / : by lips (Latin labium , ' lip ' + Greek manteía , ' prophecy ' )
lampadomancy /ˈ l æ m p ə d oʊ m æ n s i / : by flame (Greek lampas [lampad- ], ' light ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
lecanomancy /lecanoscopy /l ɪ ˈ k æ n oʊ m æ n s i / : by a basin of water (Greek lekanē , ' basin ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
letnomancy : by secrets (English let no (man see) + Greek manteía , ' prophecy ' )
libanomancy /l aɪ ˈ b æ n oʊ m æ n s i / → see capnomancy and spodomancy (Greek libanos , 'frankincense ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
literomancy /ˈ l ɪ t ər oʊ m æ n s i / : by a letter in a written language (Latin lītera , ' letter ' + Greek manteía , ' prophecy ' )
lithomancy /ˈ l ɪ θ oʊ m æ n s i / : by gems or stones (Greek lithos , ' stone ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
logarithmancy /ˌ l ɒ ɡ ə ˈ r ɪ θ m ən s i / : by logarithms (English logarithm + Greek manteía , ' prophecy ' )
logomancy /ˈ l ɒ ɡ oʊ m æ n s i / : by words (Greek logos , ' word ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
lots : divination through chance, or the drawing or tossing of lots[ 14]
lunamancy → see selenomancy (Latin lūna , ' moon ' + Greek manteía , ' prophecy ' )
lychnomancy /ˈ l ɪ k n oʊ m æ n s i / : by candles (Greek lukhnos , ' lamp ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
M
macharomancy : by swords or knives (Greek makhaira , 'dirk ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
macromancy /ˈ m æ k r oʊ m æ n s i / : by large objects (Greek makros , ' large ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
maculomancy /ˈ m æ k j ʊ l oʊ m æ n s i / : by spots on the skin (Latin macula , ' spot ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
mahjong divination : by Mahjong tiles
margaritomancy /ˌ m ɑːr ɡ ə ˈ r ɪ t oʊ m æ n s i / : by bouncing pearls (Greek margarītēs , ' pearl ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
mathemancy /ˈ m æ θ ɪ m æ n s i / : by mathematics (English mathe(matics) + Greek manteía , ' prophecy ' )
mazomancy /ˈ m æ z oʊ m æ n s i / : by nursing (Greek mazos , ' breast ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
meconomancy /m ɪ ˈ k oʊ n oʊ m æ n s i / : by sleeping (Greek mēkōn , ' poppy ' [i.e., an opiate ] + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
megapolisomancy : by large cities (English megalopolis + Greek manteía , ' prophecy ' )
meilomancy : by moles
metagnomy /m ɪ ˈ t æ ɡ n oʊ m i / or /m ɪ ˈ t æ n oʊ m i / : by magic (Greek meta- , ' beside ' + -gnōmoniā , ' interpretation ' )
meteormancy /ˈ m iː t i oʊ r m æ n s i / : by meteors (English meteor + Greek manteía , ' prophecy ' )
meteoromancy /ˌ m iː t i ˈ ɒr oʊ m æ n s i / : by thunder and lightning (Greek meteōron , ' heavenly phenomenon ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
metoposcopy /metopomancy /ˌ m ɛ t oʊ ˈ p ɒ s k oʊ p i / : by the lines of the forehead[ 15] (Greek metōpon , ' forehead ' + -skopiā , ' observation ' )
micromancy /ˈ m aɪ k r oʊ m æ n s i / : by small objects (Greek mikros , ' small ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
moleosophy /m oʊ ˈ l ɒ s oʊ f i / or /ˌ m oʊ l i ˈ ɒ s oʊ f i / : by blemishes (English mole + Greek sophiā , ' knowledge ' )
molybdomancy /m oʊ ˈ l ɪ b d oʊ m æ n s i / : by molten metal (Greek molubdos , ' lead ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
moromancy /ˈ m ɒr oʊ m æ n s i / : by foolishness (Greek mōros , ' dull ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
myomancy → see theriomancy
myrmomancy → see theriomancy
N
narcomancy /ˈ n ɑːr k oʊ m æ n s i / : by sleep (Greek narkē , ' numbness ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
natimancy → see somatomancy (Latin natis , ' buttock ' + Greek manteía , ' prophecy ' )
necromancy ¹ /ˈ n ɛ k r oʊ m æ n s i / : by speaking to the dead, by corpses[ 16] (Greek nekros , ' corpse ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
necyomancy /ˈ n iː s i oʊ m æ n s i / : by summoning damned souls (Greek nekuiā , 'invocation ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
nephomancy /ˈ n ɛ f oʊ m æ n s i / : by clouds (Greek nephos , ' cloud ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
nigromancy /ˈ n aɪ ɡ r oʊ m æ n s i / : by black magic (Latin niger , ' black ' + Greek manteía , ' prophecy ' )
nomancy /ˈ n ɒ m ən s i / or /ˈ n oʊ m ən s i / → see onomancy (variant of onomancy , influenced by Latin nōmen , ' name ' )
notarikon /netrikon : by initials (Latin notāricus , in shorthand )
nggàm → see theriomancy
numerology /ˌ nj uː m ə ˈ r ɒ l oʊ dʒ i / : by numbers (Latin numerus , ' number ' + Greek -logia , ' branch of study ' )
numismatomancy : by coins (Greek nomisma [nomismat- ], ' coin ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
O
oculomancy /ˈ ɒ k j ʊ l oʊ m æ n s i / : by eyes (Latin oculus , ' eye ' + Greek manteía , ' prophecy ' )
odontomancy /oʊ ˈ d ɒ n t oʊ m æ n s i / : by teeth (Greek odous [odont- ], ' tooth ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
oenomancy /oinomancy /ˈ iː n oʊ m æ n s i / : by wine (Greek oinos , ' wine ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
ololygmancy /oʊ ˈ l ɒ l ɪ ɡ m æ n s i / : by the howling of dogs (Greek ololuzō [ololug- ], ' howl ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
omoplatoscopy → see scapulimancy (Greek ōmoplatē , ' shoulder blade ' + -skopiā , ' observation ' )
omphalomancy /ˈ ɒ m f ə l oʊ m æ n s i / : by navels (Greek omphalos , ' navel ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
oneiromancy /oneiroscopy /oʊ ˈ n ɪər oʊ m æ n s i / : by dreams (Greek oneiros , ' dream ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
onimancy /ˈ ɒ n ɪ m æ n s i / → see onychomancy
onomancy /onomomancy /nomancy /ˈ ɒ n oʊ m æ n s i / : by letters in a name (Greek onoma , ' name ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
onomomancy /oʊ ˈ n oʊ m oʊ m æ n s i / → see onomancy
onychomancy /onymancy /onimancy /oʊ ˈ n ɪ k oʊ m æ n s i / : by finger· and toenails (Greek onux [onukh- ], ' nail ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
onymancy /ˈ ɒ n ɪ m æ n s i / → see onychomancy
oomancy /ooscopy /ˈ oʊ oʊ m æ n s i / (also ovomancy ): by eggs (Greek ōion , ' egg ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
ophidiomancy /ophiomancy → see theriomancy
ophthalmomancy → see oculomancy (Greek ophthalmos , ' eye ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
organoscopy → see phrenology (Greek organon , 'organ ' + -skopiā , ' observation ' )
orniscopy /ornithomancy → see theriomancy
oromancy : by mountains (Greek oros , ' mountain ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
oryctomancy : by minerals (Greek oruktos , ' dug ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
ossomancy → see osteomancy (Latin os [oss- ], ' bone ' + Greek manteía , ' prophecy ' )
osteomancy : by bones (Greek osteon , ' bone ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
Ouija /Ouije : by ouija board (French oui , ' yes ' + German ja , ' yes ' )
ouranomancy → see uranomancy
ovomancy → see oomancy (Latin ōvum , ' egg ' + Greek manteía , ' prophecy ' )
P
The Fortune Teller , by Enrique Simonet (1899; canvas; Museo de Málaga ), depicting a palm reading.
Pagtatawas by reading melted alum
pallomancy : by pendulums (Greek pallein , ' to sway ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
palmistry /palm reading → see somatomancy (Latin palma , ' palm ' )
papyromancy : by folding paper, especially paper money (Greek papūros , ' papyrus paper ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
pedomancy → see somatomancy (from podomancy , influenced by Latin pēs [pēd- ], ' foot ' )
pegomancy : by fountains (Greek pēgē , ' spring ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
pessomancy : by pebbles (Greek pessos , ' oval pebble ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
pecthimancy /petchimancy : by brushed cloth (possibly akin to Greek pekein , to card wool , or pēktē , ' netting ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
phallomancy : by swing of the phallus (Greek phallus , ' phallus ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
phobomancy : by feelings of fear (Greek phobos , ' fear ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
photomancy : by fields of light (Greek phōs [phōt- ], ' light ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
phrenology (also organoscopy ): by the configuration of one's brain (Greek phrēn , ' mind ' + -logiā , ' study ' )
phyllomancy : by leaves (Greek phullon , ' leaf ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
sycomancy : by fig leaves (Greek sūkon , ' fig ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
tasseography /tasseomancy (also kypomancy ): by tea leaves or coffee grounds (French tasse , ' cup ' + Greek -graphiā , ' representation ' )
phyllorhodomancy : by rose petals (Greek phullon , ' leaf ' + rhodon , ' rose ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
physiognomy /physiognomancy : by faces (Greek phusis , ' nature ' + -gnōmoniā , ' interpretation ' )
phytognomy : by the appearance of plants (Greek phuton , ' plant ' + -gnōmoniā , ' interpretation ' )
Planchette
plastromancy : by cracks formed by heat on a turtle's plastron (English plastron + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
pilimancy : by observing the patterns produced by a collection of human hair
plumbomancy : by observing shapes molten lead makes when poured in water (Latin plumbum , ' lead ' + Greek manteía , ' prophecy ' )
pneumancy : by blowing (Greek pneuma , ' breath ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
podomancy /pedomancy → see somatomancy
poe divination : by throwing stones on the floor, practised at Taoist temples
portenta (also ostenta ): study of natural phenomena[ 17]
psephomancy : by lots or ballots (Greek psephos , ' pebble ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
pseudomancy : by false means (Greek pseudēs , ' false ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
psychognomy : by phrenological ' notations ' (Greek psūkhē , ' soul ' + -gnōmoniā , ' observation ' )
psychomancy → see necromancy ¹ (Greek psūkhē , ' soul ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
ptarmoscopy /ptarmoscopie : the interpretation of sneezes[ 18] (from Ancient Greek)
pyromancy /pyroscopy : by fire (Greek pūr , ' fire ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
R
radiesthesia : by rods, pendulums , or other cylindrical tools (Latin radius , 'spoke ' + Greek -aisthēsiā , ' sensing ' )
retromancy : by looking over one's shoulder (Latin retrō , ' behind ' + Greek manteía , ' prophecy ' )
rhabdomancy /rabdomancy : by rods, sticks, or wands (Greek rhabdos , ' rod ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
rhapsodomancy : by poetry (Greek rhapsōidiā , ' verse ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
roadomancy : by constellations (apparently from Old English rodor , 'firmament ' + Greek manteía , ' prophecy ' )
runecasting → see cleromancy
S
scapulimancy /scapulomancy (also spatulamancy , omoplatoscopy ): by bovine or caprid shoulder blades (Latin scapula , ' shoulder blade ' + Greek manteía , ' prophecy ' )
scarpomancy : by old shoes (Italian scarpa , ' shoe ' + Greek manteía , ' prophecy ' )
scatomancy : by excrement (Greek skōr [skat- ], ' excrement ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
schematomancy → see somatomancy
sciomancy ¹ (also shadowmancy ): by shadows (Greek skiā , ' shadow ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
sciomancy ² : by spirits (of the same origin as sciomancy¹ )
scrying : by gazing (shortened from descrying )
crystal gazing : by reflective objects
catoptromancy /captromancy (also enoptromancy , djubed ): by mirrors (Greek katoptron , ' mirror ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
gastromancy ¹ (also crystallomancy , spheromancy , crystal ball gazing ): by crystal ball (Greek gastēr , ' belly ' [i.e., round object] + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
hydromancy (also ydromancy ): by water (Greek hudōr , ' water ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
selenomancy : by the moon (Greek selēnē , ' moon ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
shadowmancy → see sciomancy ¹ (English shadow + Greek manteía , ' prophecy ' )
shufflemancy : by the use of an electronic media player such as an electronic playlist, iPod, or other medium wherein one skips a certain number of songs and the lyrics and/or tune of the song is the answer to the divinatory question
sideromancy : by burning straw with an iron (Greek sidēros , 'iron ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
sikidy : by drawing sixteen lines in sand (perhaps a Malagasy transliteration of English sixteen )
skatharomancy : by beetle tracks (Greek skatharōn , ' spot ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
slinneanachd /slinnanacht : by animal shoulder blades (Scottish Gaelic slinnean , ' shoulder blade ' )
solaromancy : by the sun (Latin sōl [sōlār- ], ' sun ' + Greek manteía , ' prophecy ' )
somatomancy : by the human form (Greek sōma [sōmat- ], ' body ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
cephalomancy (also craniognomy ): by skulls (Greek kephalē , ' head ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
cheiromancy /chiromancy /k aɪ ˈ r ɒ m æ n s i / (also palmistry , palm reading ): by palms[ 19] (Greek kheir , ' hand ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
cheirognomy /chirognomy /k aɪ ˈ r ɒ (ɡ )n oʊ m i / : by hands (Greek kheir , ' hand ' + -gnōmoniā , ' interpretation ' )
podomancy /pedomancy (also cartopedy ): by the soles of one's feet (Greek pous [pod- ], ' foot ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
schematomancy : by the face (Greek skhēma [skhēmat- ], ' figure ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
sortilege : by the casting of lots, or sortes
spasmatomancy : by convulsions (alteration of spasmodomancy , from Greek spasmos [spasmōd- ], ' spasm ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
spatilomancy : by animal excrement (Greek spatilē , ' excrement ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
spatulamancy → see scapulimancy (from scapulimancy , influenced by Latin spatula , 'splint ')
spheromancy → see scrying (Greek sphaira , 'sphere ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
sphondulomancy : by spindles (Greek sphondulos , ' spindle ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
splanchnomancy → see anthropomancy (Greek splankhna , ' innards ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
spodomancy : by soot (Greek spodos , ' wood ashes ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
cineromancy /ceneromancy : by the ashes of a specifically sacrificial or ritual fire[ 20]
libanomancy /l aɪ ˈ b æ n oʊ m æ n s i / : by smoke or ash from incense (Greek libanos , 'frankincense ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )[ 8] [ 9]
tephramancy /tephromancy : by tree bark ashes, by sacrificial or ritual fire ashes, or human sacrificial victim ashes (Greek tephrā , ' ash ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )[ 21]
stareomancy : by the four elements (Greek stais [stair- ], ' dough ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
stercomancy : by seeds in bird excrement (Latin stercus , ' excrement ' + Greek manteía , ' prophecy ' )
sternomancy : by ridges on the breastbone (Greek sternon , ' breastbone ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
stichomancy → see chartomancy
stigonomancy : by burning writing onto bark (Greek stizein [stigōn- ], ' to brand ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
stoicheomancy /stoichomancy → see chartomancy
stolisomancy : by fashion (Greek stolis , ' garment ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
styramancy : by observing patterns produced by chewing gum, gum wax, or products produced by the L. styraciflua tree
sycomancy → see phyllomancy
symbolomancy : by things found on the road (Greek sumbolon , ' sign ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
T
taromancy → see chartomancy
tasseography /tasseomancy → see phyllomancy
technomancy : by technology (English techno(logy) + Greek manteía , ' prophecy ' )
temurah : → see kabbalah
tephramancy /tephromancy : → see spodomancy (Greek tephrā , ' ash ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
theomancy : foretelling events, prophecy[ 22] (Greek theos , ' god ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
theriomancy /ˈ θ ɪər i oʊ m æ n s i / : (also zoomancy ): by animal behavior (Greek thēr , ' wild animal ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )Russian peasant girls using chicken for divination. A 19th·century lubok .
ailuromancy /aeluromancy /aɪ ˈ l ʊər oʊ m æ n s i / (also felidomancy ): by cats (Greek ailouros , ' cat ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
alectryomancy /alectoromancy /ə ˈ l ɛ k t ər i oʊ m æ n s i / : by rooster behavior (Greek alektruōn , ' cockerel ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
augury : by bird formations[ 23] (Latin augur , ' diviner ' )
hippomancy /ˈ h ɪ p oʊ m æ n s i / : by horse behavior (Greek hippos , ' horse ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
ichthyomancy /ˈ ɪ k θ i oʊ m æ n s i / : by fish behavior (Greek ikhthūs , ' fish ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
myomancy /ˈ m aɪ oʊ m æ n s i / : by rodent behavior (Greek mūs , ' mouse ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
myrmomancy /ˈ m ɜːr m oʊ m æ n s i / : by ant behavior (Greek murmēx , ' ant ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
nggàm : by spider or crab behavior (Mambila nggàm , ' divination ' )
ophidiomancy /ophiomancy : by snake behavior (Greek ophis [ophid- ], ' snake ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
orniscopy /ornithomancy (also auspicy /auspication , avimancy ): by bird migration (Greek ornīs [ornīth- ], ' bird ' + -skopiā , ' observation ' )
thumomancy /ˈ θj uː m oʊ m æ n s i / : by one's own soul, presage[ 24] (Greek thūmos , ' soul ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
topomancy /ˈ t ɒ p oʊ m æ n s i / : by geography and geological formations (Greek topos , ' place ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
transataumancy : by things accidentally seen or heard
trochomancy /ˈ t r ɒ k oʊ m æ n s i / : by wheel ruts (Greek trokhos , ' wheel ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
turifumy : by shapes in smoke (Latin tūs [tūr- ], ' incense ' + fūmus , ' vapor ' )
tyromancy /tiromancy /ˈ t aɪər oʊ m æ n s i / : by cheese (Greek tūros , ' cheese ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
U
umbilicomancy : by umbilical cords (English umbilic(al cord) + Greek manteía , ' prophecy ' )
umbromancy : by shade (Latin umbra , ' shadow ' + Greek manteía , ' prophecy ' )
uranomancy /ouranomancy : by the sky (Greek ouranos , ' firmament ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
uromancy /urimancy : by urine (Greek ouron , ' urine ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
urticariaomancy : by itches (Neo-Latin urticāria , 'hives ' + Greek manteía , ' prophecy ' )
V
videomancy : by films (English video + Greek manteía , ' prophecy ' )
X
xenomancy : by strangers (Greek xenos , ' stranger ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
xylomancy : by the shape or texture of wood, or the appearance of burning wood (Greek xulon , ' wood ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )[ 25]
Y
ydromancy¹ → see scrying
ydromancy² → see alomancy (from idromancy above, influenced by alomancy )
Z
zoomancy → see theriomancy (Greek zōion , ' being ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
zygomancy : by weights (Greek zugon , ' yoke, balance ' + manteía , ' prophecy ' )
zeteomancy : by seeking out knowledge
References
↑ Anthony Grafton; Glenn W Most; Salvatore Settis (2010). The Classical Tradition . Harvard University Press. p. 277. ISBN 978-0-674-03572-0 .
↑ s:The Third Book/Chapter XXV
↑ Hobbes, Thomas . Leviathan (1651). "Lastly, to the Prognostics [who] have added innumerable other superstitious ways of Divination[:]...Sometimes in the Entrails of a sacrificed beast; which was Aruspicina..."
↑ Driediger-Murphy, Lindsay G.; Eidinow, Esther (2019). Ancient Divination and Experience . Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-258290-4 .
↑ "Definition of BONE-THROWING" . www.merriam-webster.com . Retrieved 29 November 2020 .
↑ "Definition of Bone-Throwing by Oxford Dictionary" . Lexico Dictionaries | English . Retrieved 29 November 2020 .
↑ "Botanomancy". The Element Encyclopedia of the Psychic World . Harper Element. 2006. p. 84.
1 2 Del Rio, Martín Anton . Investigations Into Magic. P.G. Maxwell-Stuart, trans. Reprint ed. Manchester, U.K.: Manchester University Press, 2000, p. 160 (originally published 1599-1600)
1 2 Dunwich, Gerina. Candlelight Spells: The Modern Witch's Book of Spellcasting, Feasting, and Healing. Secaucus, N.J.: Citadel Press, 1988, p. 51.
↑
Buckland, Raymond (2003). The Fortune-telling Book: The Encyclopedia of Divination and Soothsaying . Popular Reference. Visible Ink Press. p. 191. ISBN 9780780807204 . Retrieved 13 February 2024 . When there was a ritual sacrifice of an animal (or of a human), the way in which the blood dripped from the altar was often considered by the priest/soothsayer. Divining in this way was known as dririmancy. This form of divination might also be employed on the battle field. Dririmancy was a form of haemotomancy.
↑ Hobbes, Thomas . Leviathan (1651). "Lastly, to the Prognostics [who] have added innumerable other superstitious ways of Divination[:]...Sometimes in the insignificant Speeches of Madmen, supposed to be possessed with a divine Spirit; which Possession they called Enthusiasm..."
↑ Patricia Telesco (2015-07-08). Llewellyn's Magical Sampler: The Best Articles From the Magical Almanac . Llewellyn Worldwide. ISBN 978-0-7387-4689-0 . Retrieved 2025-10-28 .
↑ Hobbes, Thomas . Leviathan (1651). "Lastly, to the Prognostics [who] have added innumerable other superstitious ways of Divination[:]...Sometimes in the aspect of the Stars at their Nativity; which was called Horoscopy, and esteemed a part of judiciary Astrology..."
↑ Hobbes, Thomas . Leviathan (1651). "Lastly, to the Prognostics [who] have added innumerable other superstitious ways of Divination[:]...Sometimes, in mere Lottery, as Cross and Pile; counting holes in a sieve; dipping of Verses in Homer, and Virgil; and innumerable other such vain conceipts..."
↑ Hobbes, Thomas . Leviathan (1651). "Lastly, to the Prognostics [who] have added innumerable other superstitious ways of Divination[:]...Sometimes in the Lineaments of the face; which was called Metoposcopy..."
↑ Hobbes, Thomas . Leviathan (1651). "Lastly, to the Prognostics [who] have added innumerable other superstitious ways of Divination[:]...Sometimes in the Prediction of Witches, that pretended conference with the dead; which is called Necromancy, Conjuring, and Witchcraft; and is but juggling and confederate knavery..."
↑ Hobbes, Thomas . Leviathan (1651). "Lastly, to the Prognostics [who] have added innumerable other superstitious ways of Divination[:]...Sometimes in Monsters, or unusual accidents; as Eclipses, Comets, rare Meteors, Earthquakes, Inundations, uncouth Births, and the like, which they called Portenta and Ostenta, because they thought them to portend, or foreshow some great Calamity to come..."
↑ Sciences et Voyages No24 Juin 1937 "Divination, magie et tatouages en Bosnie
↑ Hobbes, Thomas . Leviathan (1651). "Lastly, to the Prognostics [who] have added innumerable other superstitious ways of Divination[:]...Sometimes in...Palmistry in the lines of the hand; in casual words, called Omina..."
↑ Buckland, Raymond. The Fortune-Telling Book: The Encyclopedia of Divination and Soothsaying. Detroit, Mich.: Visible Ink, 2004, p. 102.
↑ Not all sources agree that tephramancy and tephromancy are synonyms. Some sources claim that tephramancy uses only the ash of tree bark , while tephromancy may use the ashes of any sacrifice. See: Buckland, The Fortune-Telling Book: The Encyclopedia of Divination and Soothsaying, 2004, p. 479; Pickover, Dreaming the Future: The Fantastic Story of Prediction, 2001, p. 183; Dunwich, Gerina. Candlelight Spells: The Modern Witch's Book of Spellcasting, Feasting, and Healing, 1988, p. 153. Other sources claim that tephramancy utilizes only the ashes of human sacrificial victims. See: Spence, Lewis. An Encyclopaedia of Occultism. New York: Dodd, Mead, 1920, p. 408 ; Ellison, Robert Lee. The Solitary Druid: Walking the Path of Wisdom and Spirit. New York: Kensington Publishing Corp., 2005, p. 58 ; Waite, Arthur Edward. A Manual of Cartomancy and Occult Divination. Reprint ed. Whitefish, Mont.: Kessinger, 1995, p. 236 ; Robertson, John G. Robertson's Words for a Modern Age: A Cross Reference of Latin and Greek Combining Elements. Eugene, Ore.: Senior Scribe Publications, 1991, p. 193.
↑ Hobbes, Thomas . Leviathan (1651). "Lastly, to the Prognostics [who] have added innumerable other superstitious ways of Divination[:]...and these kinds of foretelling events, were accounted Theomancy or Prophecy..."
↑ Hobbes, Thomas . Leviathan (1651). "Lastly, to the Prognostics [who] have added innumerable other superstitious ways of Divination[:]...Sometimes in the Casual flight, or feeding of birds; called Augury..."
↑ Hobbes, Thomas . Leviathan (1651). "Lastly, to the Prognostics [who] have added innumerable other superstitious ways of Divination[:]...Sometimes in their own hopes and fears, called Thumomancy, or Presage..."
↑ Pickover, Clifford A. Dreaming the Future: The Fantastic Story of Prediction. Amherst, N.Y.: Prometheus Books, 2001, p. 137.