GeezerVison

Pango
Pango name written as intended
Original authors	Owen Taylor[1] Raph Levien
Developer	Behdad Esfahbod
Release	11 July 1999 (1999-07-11)[2]
Stable release	1.58.2[3]  / 5 August 2026 (5 August 2026)
Written in	C
Operating system	Unix-like, Microsoft Windows, Other
Type	Software development library
License	LGPL
Website	www.gtk.org/docs/architecture/pango
Repository	gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/pango

Pango (stylized as Παν語) is a text (i.e. glyph) layout engine library which works with the HarfBuzz shaping engine for displaying multi-language text.^[4]

Full-function rendering of text and cross-platform support is achieved when Pango is used with platform APIs or third-party libraries, such as Uniscribe and FreeType, as text rendering backends. Pango-processed text will appear similar under different operating systems.

Pango is a special-purpose library for text and not a general-purpose graphics rendering library such as Cairo, with which Pango can be used. The Cairo documentation recommends Pango be used to "render" text rather than Cairo for all but the simplest text "rendering".^[5]

The name pango comes from Greek pan (παν, 'all') and Japanese go (語, 'language').^[6]

In January 2000, the merger of the GScript and GnomeText projects was named Pango.^{[7][8][9][10][11][12]}

Pango version 1.0.0 was released 11 March 2002.^[13][14]

Pango 1.17 and newer support the 'locl' feature tag that allows localized glyphs to be used for the same Unicode code point. Assuming you have Verdana version 5.01 installed, which supports the 'locl' feature for the latn/ROM (Romanian) script, a quick demonstration (on Linux) is:

for lang in en ro
do
    pango-view \
        --font="Verdana 64" \
        --text "şţ vs. șț in $lang" \
        --language=$lang
done

For an explanation of the substitutions rules for Romanian, see this discussion.

Setting the locale via the POSIX environment variable, e.g. LANG=ro_RO.UTF-8 will also cause Pango to use 'locl' font feature. Finally, you can change the language on the fly in the same text using Pango markup, e.g.:

pango-view \
    --font="Verdana 24" \
    --markup \
    --text 'In the same text: şţ(en) and <span lang="ro">şţ(ro).</span>'

Since 1.37.1, Pango added more attributes to provide complete support for processing OpenType feature.^[15][16][17]

Pango has been integrated into most Linux distributions. The GTK UI toolkit uses Pango for all of its text rendering.^[18] The Linux versions of the Mozilla Firefox web browser and Mozilla Thunderbird mail client use Pango for text rendering.^[19]

• HarfBuzz (text shaping engine which is incorporated into Pango itself but can be also used stand-alone)
• Core Text (modern multilingual text rendering engine introduced in Mac OS X 10.5)
• Graphite (multiplatform open source smart-font renderer)
• WorldScript (Old Macintosh multilingual text rendering engine)
• Typographic ligature
• Computer font

• Official website
• Script Gallery - Pango at the Wayback Machine (archived 2018-01-12)
• Pango, an open-source Unicode text layout engine. by Owen Taylor in Twenty fifth Internationalization and unicode conference, April 2004. Archived 2020-07-06 at the Wayback Machine.
• "Pango: internationalized text handling" Owen Taylor in Ottawa linux symposium 2001
• Pango Reference Manual
• The journey of a word: how text ends up on a page on YouTube, at linux.conf.au 2017 Simon Cozens explained the rendering of fonts