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Sand Key Light

Sand Key Light, 2005
Location	southwest of Key West, Florida
Coordinates	24°27′14″N 81°52′39″W / 24.45389°N 81.87750°W / 24.45389; -81.87750
Tower
Constructed	1827
Foundation	cast iron screw piling
Construction	cast iron
Automated	1938
Shape	square pyramidal skeletal tower
Heritage	National Register of Historic Places listed place
Racon	"N" (— ∘)
Light
First lit	1853
Deactivated	2015
Focal height	109 feet (33 m)
Lens	first order Fresnel lens
Range	White 14 nautical miles (26 km; 16 mi), Red 11 nautical miles (20 km; 13 mi)
Characteristic	Flashing (2) white 15s with red sectors
Sand Key Lighthouse
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
Area	less than one acre
Architects	J.W.P. Lewis, John F. Riley Ironworks
Architectural style	Iron Screw Pile Lighthouse
NRHP reference No.	73000589[1]
Added to NRHP	April 11, 1973

Sand Key Light is a lighthouse 6 nautical miles (11 km; 6.9 mi) southwest of Key West, Florida, between Sand Key Channel and Rock Key Channel, two of the channels into Key West, on a reef intermittently covered by sand.^[2][3][4] At times the key has been substantial enough to have trees, and in 1900 nine to twelve thousand terns nested on the island. At other times the island has been washed away completely.^[5] The light marks the southernmost point of the Hawk Channel passage along the Florida Keys.^[6]

The first navigational light on Sand Key was a 60-foot (18 m) brick tower built in 1827. After the first keeper, John Flaherty, died in 1830, his widow Rebecca took over the job. In 1844 a hurricane eroded part of the island, destroyed the keeper's house, and damaged the seawall. The 1846 Havana hurricane toppled the tower, killing the light keeper and five others.^{[4][5][note 1]}

As the Key West Light had also been destroyed in the same storm, a ship, the Honey, was acquired and outfitted as a lightship to serve as the Sand Key Light until new lighthouses could be built. Due to efforts to reorganize the Lighthouse Board, Congress was slow to appropriate funds for the new lighthouses.^[4][5]

A screw-pile foundation for a new light on Sand Key was begun in 1852. Funds ran out before the foundation was complete, and the contractor had to wait seven years for final payment. Later that year Lieutenant George Meade, who had completed construction of the Carysfort Reef Light, was placed in charge of construction of the Sand Key Light. The light tower was completed in 1853. This light was the first to use the hydraulic lamp designed by George Meade.^[5]

The screw-pile foundation and open framework tower allowed the lighthouse to survive later hurricanes, including one in 1856 that completely washed away all of the island above water.^[5] The light was automated in 1938. In 1967 the first order Fresnel lens was removed and replaced by a fourth order lens. That in turn was removed in 1982 and replaced with a flash tube array. The tower was severely damaged in a fire in 1989, and the light was moved to a nearby temporary structure. An attempt was made to restore the structure of the tower in 1995, but the keeper's quarters were demolished in 1996. The light was returned to the tower in 1998.^[4] The light was deactivated in 2015, and was auctioned by GSA Auctions in 2020 for US$83,000.^[9]

• "Inventory of Historic Light Stations Florida Lighthouses". National Park Service. Archived from the original on August 19, 2012. Retrieved August 25, 2014.
• Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS) No. FL-189, "Sand Key Lighthouse, Sand Key, Key West, Monroe County, FL", 8 photos, 6 data pages, 1 photo caption page, supplemental material

• Media related to Sand Key Light at Wikimedia Commons