Schiphol Airport covers a total area of 2,787 hectares (6,887 acres) of land.[3] The airport is built on the single-terminal concept: one large terminal split into three departure halls.
Schiphol began operating as a military airfield on 19 September 1916. The end of the First World War also saw the beginning of civilian use of Schiphol Airport, and the airport eventually lost its military role completely. By 1940, Schiphol had four asphalt runways at 45-degree angles.
The airport was captured by the German military that same year and renamed Fliegerhorst Schiphol. The airport was destroyed by bombing, but at the end of the war, the airfield was soon rebuilt. In 1949, it was decided that Schiphol was to become the primary airport of the Netherlands.
Description
A record 71,706,999 passengers passed through Schiphol in 2019.[13] Passenger traffic subsequently fell sharply during the COVID-19 pandemic and had not returned to the 2019 record by 2025, when the airport handled 68.8 million passengers.[14]
Schiphol was connected to 300 destinations worldwide in 2025.[6] Connecting traffic forms a substantial part of its passenger traffic: 36.6% of recorded passengers in 2025 were transfer passengers, while 43.6 million passengers had Schiphol as their airport of origin or destination.[14] In Schiphol's traffic statistics, transfer passengers are counted both on arrival and on departure on their connecting flight.[15]
The airport is built around a single-terminal concept, with one terminal complex divided into three departure halls that are connected airside. The terminal and piers have been expanded and renovated repeatedly as passenger traffic and aircraft requirements have changed.
A new pier, Pier A, is under construction and is expected to enter service in April 2027.[16] The pier will have eight gates, including three capable of handling the largest aircraft types.[16] Schiphol's longer-term master plan includes a new Terminal South and the phased renovation of Piers B, C, D and H/M, while retaining the single-terminal concept.[17]
History
Origins and early years
A Ford being used to power a winch for towing gliders at Schiphol in 1933The air traffic control tower at Schiphol in 1960Airplanes and service vehicles on the apron in 1965
The name Schiphol predates the airport by several centuries. It is recorded as Sciphol in 1447, in a description of land in the jurisdiction of Aalsmeer. Its precise etymology is uncertain.[18]
Dutch linguist and toponymist Moritz Schönfeld associated the name with the local Schipholsloot. He noted that Middle Dutch hol could denote the depth or bed of a ditch or watercourse, and that the adjective hol could also mean low-lying or marshy. Schönfeld described the name as passing from the local settlement to Fort Schiphol and subsequently to the airfield.[19] Maas later considered two analyses of Schiphol possible: if divided into separate elements, hol may refer to low-lying, marshy terrain; alternatively, the name may have described a hollow parcel of land by comparison with a scheepshol, the interior or hull of a ship.[18]
Several other explanations have circulated. B. J. Hekket proposed that schip in place-names could carry a meaning such as "branches" or "timber", an interpretation he also applied to Schiphol. Maas rejected this derivation, finding no evidence that schip had ever carried the proposed meaning and describing Hekket's interpretation of the Scandinavian linguistic evidence as incorrect.[18] Popular accounts have also associated the name with ships supposedly lost in the former Haarlemmermeer and with scheepshaal, referring to the hauling of ships between bodies of water.[20] These explanations are not established by the specialist etymological sources cited above.
Before the reclamation of the Haarlemmermeer, the site of the later airport lay beside the lake and partly within the area subsequently reclaimed from it.
After the lake was dredged in the mid-1800s, a fortification named Fort Schiphol was built in the area, which was part of the Stelling van Amsterdam defence works.[21]
Schiphol was established in 1916 as a military airfield; the first military aircraft landed there on 19 September of that year.[22] Scheduled civil aviation began on 17 May 1920, when KLM's inaugural service from London landed at Schiphol.[23] In its early years the airfield was unpaved and frequently muddy. French pilots consequently nicknamed it Schiphol-les-Bains ("Schiphol bathing resort").[24]
The Fokker aircraft manufacturer established its Dutch factory in Amsterdam-Noord in 1919, rather than at Schiphol. A Fokker hangar was built at Schiphol in 1924, where aircraft manufactured in Amsterdam could be assembled and operated.[25] Military use of Schiphol continued alongside the developing civil airport until 1923, when the military left the airfield.[24]
By 1940, Schiphol had four asphalt runways at 45-degree angles, all 1,020m (3,350ft) or less. One was extended to become today's runway 04/22; two others crossed that runway at 52°18′43″N4°48′00″E / 52.312°N 4.800°E / 52.312; 4.800. The airport was captured by the German military that same year and renamed Fliegerhorst Schiphol. A large number of anti-aircraft defences were installed in the vicinity of the airport, and fake decoy airfields were constructed in the vicinity near Bennebroek, Vijfhuizen, and Vogelenzang to try to confuse Allied bombers. A railway connection was also built. Despite these defences, the airfield was still bombed intensively; an exceptionally heavy attack on 13 December 1943 caused so much damage that it rendered the airfield unusable as an active base. After that, it served only as an emergency landing field until the Germans themselves destroyed the remnants of the airfield at the start of Operation Market Garden. At the end of the war, the airfield was quickly restored: the first aircraft, a Douglas DC-3, landed on 8 July 1945.[26]
A new terminal building was completed in 1949, and it was decided that Schiphol was to become the primary airport of the Netherlands. The expansion came at the cost of a small town called Rijk, which was demolished to make room for the growing airport. The name of this town is remembered in the name of the present Schiphol-Rijk industrial estate. In 1967, Schiphol expanded even further with a new terminal area at its current location. Most of the 1967 terminal is still in use today (Departure Halls 1 and 2), as are parts of the original piers (now called C, D, and E). Dutch designer Benno Wissing created signage for Schiphol Airport, well known for its clear writing and thorough colour-coding; to avoid confusion, he prohibited any other signage in the shades of yellow and green used.[27] The new terminal building replaced the older facilities once located on what is now the east side of the airport. The A-pier (now C-pier) of the airport was modified in 1970 to allow Boeing 747 aircraft to use the boarding gates. A new pier (D, now called F) opened in 1977, dedicated to handling wide-body aircraft. The first railway station at the airport was opened in 1978.[28]
Development since the 1990s
Airport mapQueues to the security control in June 2022
The construction of a new air traffic control tower was completed in 1991, as the existing tower could no longer oversee all of the airport, as it was further expanded. Departure Hall 3 was added to the terminal in 1993, as was another pier, G-pier. New wayfinding signage was designed that year as well by Paul Mijksenaar.[29] A sixth runway was completed at quite some distance west of the rest of airport in 2003 and was nicknamed the Polderbaan, with the connecting taxiway bridge crossing the A5 motorway. The distance of this runway means that taxiing to and from this runway can take between 10 and 20minutes. It also required the construction of an additional air traffic control tower, as the primary tower is too far away to oversee this part of the airfield.[30]
On 25 February 2005, a diamond robbery occurred at Schiphol's cargo terminal. The thieves used a stolen KLM van to gain airside access. The estimated value of the stones was around 75million euros, making it one of the largest diamond robberies ever.[31]
Later in 2005, a fire broke out at the airport's detention centre, killing 11 people and injuring 15. The complex was holding 350 people at the time of the incident.[32] Results from the investigation almost one year later showed that fire safety precautions were not in force. The investigation led to the resignation of Justice Minister Piet Hein Donner (CDA) and Haarlemmermeer mayor Fons Hertog.[33] Spatial Planning Minister Sybilla Dekker (VVD) resigned as well because she bore responsibility for safety failings cited in the report.[34]
As passenger traffic recovered from the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on commercial air transport in 2022, Schiphol experienced severe operational disruption amid shortages of security and other airport staff. Long queues developed, flights were cancelled and the airport imposed limits on the number of departing passengers during the summer because of the shortage of security staff.[35]Schiphol Group chief executive Dick Benschop resigned in September 2022 amid the disruption.[36]
In 2024, Schiphol saw an 8% increase in passenger traffic[37] and an 8.2% rise in cargo volume compared to 2023.[38] Also in 2024, Royal Schiphol Group announced a €6 billion infrastructure investment plan, the largest in the airport's history.[39] Planned improvements included the renovations of PierC, Lounge1, the baggage system, and passenger walkways, lifts, and bridges.[40] The Lounge1 expansion was completed by November 2024, with 5,000 square meters of additional passenger space and a new plaza.[41]
Infrastructure
Terminal
The main entrance of Amsterdam Airport SchipholLounge 2, used for international flightsKLM CargoBoeing 747-400ERF on the taxiway bridge crossing the highway A4/E19Schiphol control towerAll the airport's six runways viewed from an airplane taking off at dawn
Schiphol uses a one-terminal concept, where all facilities are located under a single roof, radiating from the central plaza, Schiphol Plaza. The terminal is divided into three sections or halls designated 1, 2, and 3. The piers and concourses of each hall are connected so that it is possible, on both sides of security or border inspection, to walk between piers and halls, although border control separates Schengen from non-Schengen areas. The exception to this is the low-cost pier M: once airside (past security), passengers cannot access any other areas.
In 2025, Schiphol had 227 aircraft stands, of which 91 were connected to the terminal and 136 were remote stands.[42] The airport adopted a distinctive design, with the second jetway extending over the aircraft wing, hanging from a steel cantilever structure. Gradual refurbishments have seen these jetways replaced with a more conventional layout, with the last two taken out of use in November 2024. Three gates have been modified to accommodate the Airbus A380. Emirates was the first airline to operate scheduled Airbus A380 services to Schiphol, beginning in August 2012.[43]China Southern Airlines also operated the type on its Beijing–Amsterdam route before retiring its A380 fleet at the end of 2022.[44] Emirates currently operates the A380 at Schiphol twice daily.[45]
Notable public artworks in the airport include the Schiphol clock by Maarten Baas, in which a man behind a translucent screen appears to paint the minutes of an analog clock by hand.[46]
Departure halls and piers
The terminal has three main departure halls. Departure Hall 1 primarily serves Schengen flights and provides access to Piers B and C and gates D59–D87. Departure Halls 2 and 3 serve a mixture of other piers and gates, with passenger and check-in allocation varying according to factors including terminal capacity, baggage-handling capacity and ground handler.[47][48]
Piers B, C and M are used for Schengen traffic, while E, F, G and H are primarily used for non-Schengen traffic; Pier D can handle both through separate passenger levels.[49] Three gates, G9, E18 and E24, can accommodate the Airbus A380.[49]
General aviation terminal
A new general aviation terminal was opened in 2011 on the east side of the airport, operated as the KLM Jet Center. The new terminal building has a floorspace of 6,000m2 (65,000sqft); 1,000m2 (11,000sqft) for the actual terminal and lounges, 4,000m2 (43,000sqft) for office space and 1,000m2 (11,000sqft) for parking.[50]
The centre and its activities were sold to Swiss aviation services company Jet Aviation in October 2018[51] and now operate as Jet Aviation Amsterdam.[52]
Other facilities
From 2002 to 2024, the Rijksmuseum operated an annex at Schiphol, making it the first airport in the world to house an art museum. The airside gallery presented rotating exhibitions of works from the Rijksmuseum collection.[24]
In the summer of 2010, Schiphol Airport Library opened alongside the museum, providing passengers access to a collection of 1,200 books (translated into 29 languages) by Dutch authors on subjects relating to the country's history and culture. The 89.9m2 (968sqft) library offers e-books and music by Dutch artists and composers that can be downloaded free of charge to a laptop or mobile device.[53]
For aviation enthusiasts, Amsterdam Airport Schiphol has a large rooftop viewing area, called the Panoramaterras. It is not accessible to connecting passengers unless they first exit the airport. Enthusiasts and the public can enter, free of charge, from the airport's landside. Since June 2011, it has been the location for a KLM CityhopperFokker 100, modified to be a viewing exhibit.[54] Besides the Panoramaterras, Schiphol has other spotting sites, especially along the newest Polderbaan runway and at the McDonald's restaurant at the north side of the airport.
Schiphol has its own mortuary, where the dead can be handled and kept before departure or after arrival.
Between October 2006 and 2019, people could also hold a wedding ceremony at Schiphol.[55]
Development projects
Royal Schiphol Group is carrying out a long-term programme to renew and expand the airport's infrastructure. In 2025, the group presented plans to invest around €10 billion through 2035, with most of the investment intended for Schiphol itself.[56] The Schiphol Centre Master Plan includes a new Terminal South and the phased renewal of existing piers, while retaining the airport's single-terminal concept.[17]
Pier A
A new Pier A is under construction south-west of the existing terminal complex. The project has been delayed repeatedly; the pier had originally been expected to open around 2019, but construction problems and a dispute with the previous contractors led to further delays and repair work.[57] It is now expected to enter service in April 2027. The 55,000m2 (590,000sqft) pier will have eight gates, three of which can accommodate the largest aircraft types. Its estimated cost had risen to almost €1.4 billion by 2024.[57][16]
Southern Development
The airport's longer-term plans include a new Terminal South. Preparatory work in the southern part of the terminal area includes construction of a new baggage basement and baggage-handling system, which will allow older baggage systems to be replaced while the airport remains in operation.[58] The new baggage basement is being designed so that a terminal could be constructed above it in the future; the terminal itself remains a future development rather than a completed or operational project.[59]
Public transport infrastructure
Schiphol Airport's train and bus interchange is being redeveloped as the Multimodal Hub Schiphol, a joint project involving the airport, the Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management, Haarlemmermeer municipality, the Amsterdam Transport Authority, NS and ProRail.[60] The project includes additional access between the railway platforms and the bus station and a replacement bus station, which is expected to be completed in autumn 2027.[60]
Tower
The Schiphol air traffic control tower, with a height of 101m (331ft), was the tallest in the world when constructed in 1991.
Schiphol lies approximately 4.5 metres (15ft) below sea level.[61]
Runways
Schiphol has six runways, one of which is used mainly by general aviation.[7] The airport covers a total area of 2,787 hectares (6,887 acres) of land.[3]
Number
Runway direction/code
Length
Width
Common name
Namesake
Surface
Notes
1
18R/36L
3,800m 12,467ft
60m 197ft
Polderbaan
Decided via contest. Polder is the Dutch word for land reclaimed from a body of water. Schiphol Airport is situated in a polder.
Asphalt
Newest runway, opened in 2003. Own control tower. Located to reduce the noise impact on the surrounding population. Takeoffs only northbound and landings only southbound. The nearest end is located 5km (3.1mi) from the terminal building, and aircraft have a 10 to 20-minute taxi to and from the terminal.
2
06/24
3,500m 11,483ft
45m 148ft
Kaagbaan
Named after Kaag, a small village which lies beyond the southwest end of the runway.
Asphalt
Opened in 1960. The Kaagbaan offered a location for spotters until the spotting location was closed in January 2008.[62]
3
09/27
3,453m 11,329ft
45m 148ft
Buitenveldertbaan
Named after Buitenveldert, a neighbourhood of Amsterdam that lies under its approach.
Asphalt
Opened in 1967. El Al Flight 1862 was trying to make an emergency landing on this runway when it crashed into a block of flats in the Bijlmermeer.[63]
4
18L/36R
3,400m 11,155ft
45m 148ft
Aalsmeerbaan
Named after the town of Aalsmeer which lies beyond the end of the runway.
Asphalt
Opened in 1950.
5
18C/36C
3,300m 10,826ft
45m 148ft
Zwanenburgbaan
Named after the village of Zwanenburg that lies under its approach.
Asphalt
Opened in 1968. El Al Flight 1862 took off from this runway before crashing into flats in the Bijlmermeer when the plane was trying to return to the airport.[63]
6
04/22
2,014m 6,608ft
45m 148ft
Oostbaan
Most eastern of all runways ("oost" is Dutch for "east").
Asphalt
Opened in 1945. Primarily used for general aviation traffic.[7] In October 2010 a Boeing 737–400 of Corendon Airlines overran the short runway and ended up with its nosegear in the mud.[64]
Airlines and destinations
Passenger
The following airlines operate regular scheduled and charter flights to and from Amsterdam:
Typical peak moments at Schiphol Airport are between 09:00 and 11:00, and between 13:00 and 15:00 for departures, with up to 58 departures between 14:00 and 15:00 on a typical weekday (a departure nearly every minute).[172] The peak moment for arrivals is between 08:00 and 09:00 (with up to 52 arrivals on weekdays).[173]
Countries with most air traffic movements to/from Amsterdam Airport (2025)[174]
Rank
Country
Movements 2025
Change%
1
United Kingdom
75,462
1.8
2
Spain
46,254
8.4
3
Germany
40,553
3.6
4
Italy
29,538
3.2
5
United States
25,993
0.5
6
France
25,858
1.5
7
Norway
16,962
1.1
8
Switzerland
15,765
4.2
9
Denmark
15,303
6.3
10
Poland
14,534
8.5
Countries with most passenger movements to/from Amsterdam Airport (2025)[174]
Rank
Country
Passengers 2025
Change%
1
United Kingdom
8,561,852
0.4
2
Spain
7,539,667
8.1
3
United States
6,012,689
0.3
4
Italy
4,003,863
0.1
5
Germany
3,663,832
2.5
6
France
3,004,045
1.3
7
Turkey
2,240,149
1.5
8
Greece
2,026,752
5.3
9
Portugal
2,025,502
7.0
10
Denmark
1,813,250
0.5
Other facilities
Schiphol Group officesThe Convair Building, which houses KLM Cityhopper and KLM offices, and the original Schiphol control tower
The TransPort Building on the Schiphol Airport property houses the head offices of Martinair and transavia.[175] Construction of the building, which has 10,800m2 (116,000sqft) of rentable space, began on 17 March 2009. Schiphol Group and the architect firm Paul de Ruiter designed the building, while construction firm De Vries & Verburg constructed the building.[176]
The head office of Schiphol Group, the airport's operator, is located on the airport property.[181]
The original control tower of Schiphol Airport, which the airport authorities had moved slightly from its original location, now houses a restaurant.[182]
The area Schiphol-Rijk includes the head office of TUI fly Netherlands.[183]
At one time, KLM had its head office briefly on the grounds of Schiphol Airport.[184] Its current head office in nearby Amstelveen had a scheduled completion at the end of 1970.[185] Previously, Martinair had its head office in the Schiphol Center (Dutch: Schiphol Centrum) at Schiphol Airport.[186][187] Formerly, the head office of Transavia was in the Building Triport III at Schiphol Airport.[188][189][190]NLM CityHopper and later KLM Cityhopper previously had their head offices in Schiphol Airport building 70.[191]
The Convair Building, with its development beginning after a parcel was earmarked for its development in 1999, houses various KLM offices,[182] including KLM Recruitment Services and the head office of KLM Cityhopper.[192][193]
Nippon Cargo Airlines has its Europe regional headquarters at Schiphol.[194] The National Aerospace Museum Aviodome–Schiphol was previously located at Schiphol.[195]
Schiphol is served by international trains to Belgium and France. Eurostar provides direct services from Schiphol to Antwerp, Brussels and Paris Gare du Nord.[198]Eurocity Direct provides up to 16 daily services via Schiphol between the Netherlands, Antwerp and Brussels.[199]
Bus
Amsterdam Airport Schiphol is also easily accessible by bus, as many services call or terminate at the bus station located in front of the terminal building.[200]
On 14 July 1935, a KLM Fokker F.XXIIcrashed after takeoff from Schiphol after suffering a failure of both left wing engines. 6 of the 20 on board were killed.[203]
On 18 December 1935, a midair collision between a Koolhoven F.K.43 and Fokker C.I occurred above the airport. 1 on the Koolhoven was killed.[204]
On 14 November 1938, a KLM DC-3crashed on approach to the airport for undetermined reasons, killing 6 of the 19 people on board.[205]
On 9 December 1938, a KLM Lockheed 14 crashed on a training flight at the airport, killing 4 crew.[206]
On 6 June 1939, a KLM DC-2 crashed at the airport on a training flight, killing 1 on the ground.[207]
On 14 November 1946, a KLM Douglas C-47crashed while attempting to line up with the runway in poor weather. All 26 on board were killed.[208][209]
On 1 May 1948, a KLM Douglas DC-6 skidded off the runway and crashed during a training flight due to possible propeller control problems; all five crew survived, but the aircraft was written off.[210]
On June 16, 1948, a KLM Douglas DC-4 stalled and crashed short of the runway at Schiphol Airport due to pilot error; all 27 on board survived. The pilot had adopted an incorrect approach configuration with an approach speed that was too low with full flaps selected, causing the aircraft to stall.[211]
On 25 May 1953, a KLM Convair 240 lost altitude and stalled just after takeoff from Schiphol Airport. The aircraft belly-landed on the runway and slid off, crossed a road and came to rest in a field. All 34 passengers and crew survived, however, two people who were watching the aircraft died when the aircraft crossed the road. The cause of the crash was not determined, but elevator control problems were blamed.[212][213]
On 4 October 1992, El Al Flight 1862, a Boeing 747-200 freighter, suffered a detachment of its number 3 engine after departure from Schipol. The engine struck the number 4 engine, also detaching it, as well as causing major damage to the wing. The aircraft attempted to return to Schiphol for an emergency landing, but it crashed into an apartment building in Bijlmermeer. All 4 people were killed, as well as 43 on the ground.[214]
On 4 April 1994, KLM Cityhopper Flight 433, a Saab 340, lost control and crashed next to the runway while attempting a go-around. The aircraft was making a diversion from its flight to Cardiff due to a false oil pressure warning, in response to which the captain had reduced the affected engine's thrust to idle. The pilots initiated a go-around close to the runway, but the asymmetric thrust was not properly managed and the aircraft rolled right and crashed. 3 of the 24 people on board were killed.[215]
On 25 February 2009, Turkish Airlines Flight 1951, a Boeing 737-800, stalled and crashed into a field on approach to Schiphol's Polderbaan runway. The aircraft broke into three major pieces, and 9 people were killed.[216][217]
On 23 February 2017, a Bombardier Dash-8 Q400 operated by Flybe suffered a collapse of its right landing gear after landing at the Oostbaan.[218] The plane took off from Edinburgh after a 1.5-hour delay and had to battle storm Doris throughout the flight and during landing. None of the 59 passengers and four crew was injured in the incident, but the aircraft sustained significant damage.
On 29 May 2024, an airport worker died after being ingested into the engine of an Embraer 190 operating as KLM Cityhopper Flight 1341.[219] The incident occurred on the airport's apron during pushback as the aircraft was preparing to depart for Billund.[220] Investigators from the Dutch Safety Board determined the worker had intentionally jumped into the running engine to commit suicide.[221]
↑
"ContactArchived 14 March 2013 at the Wayback Machine ." Iran Air Netherlands. Retrieved on 29 January 2011. "Iran Air sales office at WTC Schiphol building" and "World Trade Center Tower A – Level 3, Schiphol Blvd.191 1118 BG Schiphol The Netherlands Sita: AMSSNIR "
↑"ArkeflyArchived 16 March 2015 at the Wayback Machine." TUI Nederland. Retrieved on 28 September 2009. "ArkeFly Beech Avenue 43 1119 RA Schiphol-Rijk Postbus 75607 1118 ZR Schiphol-Triport "
↑" Both Martinair and Transavia now share a head office at Schiphol-Oost.STCC TRANSAVIAArchived 3 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine." TUI fly Netherlands. Retrieved on 16 February 2011. "transavia.com Westelijke Randweg 3, building Triport III 1118 CR Schiphol Airport"
↑
"General Conditions of PassageArchived 17 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine ." Transavia.com. 28/28 Retrieved on 16 February 2011. "Address for visitors: transavia.com Westelijke Randweg 3, building Triport III 1118 CR Schiphol Airport"
↑"Annual Report 2004/2005." Transavia.com. 28/28. Retrieved on 16 February 2011. "transavia.com Westelijke Randweg 3 P.O. Box 7777 1118 ZM Schiphol Centrum The Netherlands"
↑"World Airline Directory." Flight International. 27 March – 2 April 1991. 98Archived 23 July 2012 at the Wayback Machine. "Head Office: Building 70, PO Box 7700, 1117 ZL Schiphol Airport (East), The Netherlands."
↑
"Country: NL – NETHERLANDSArchived 19 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine." Joint Aviation Authorities Training Organisation. Retrieved on 20 February 2011. "KLM Cityhopper BV AOC Num: NL- 2/64 Expiry Date: 01-01-08 Convair Gebouw, Stationsplein 102 1117 BV Schiphol Oost Netherlands."
↑"ContactArchived 24 February 2011 at the Wayback Machine." (Dutch) KLM. Retrieved on 20 February 2011. "KLM Recruitment Services (SPL/GO) Stationsplein 102 (Convair Building) 1117 BV Schiphol-Oost"
↑"Engels." National Aerospace Museum Aviodome–Schiphol. 6 August 2002. Retrieved on 26 December 2011. "Westelijke Randweg 201, 1118 CT Luchthaven Schiphol"
↑"Engels." Aviodrome. 21 June 2003. Retrieved on 26 December 2011.
You are visitor 01402503 — GeezerVison does not store the pages you look up. Best viewed with Netscape Navigator 4.7 or Internet Explorer 6 at 800×600. No cookies required.
