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See also: Circa

English

Alternative forms

(abbreviations):
- c., c, ca., ca
- cca., cir., circ. (rare)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker-der.

Ancient Greek κίρκος (kírkos)bor.

Latin circus

Latin circum

Latin circālbor.

English circa

Learned borrowing from Latin circā.

Pronunciation

(Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈsɜː.kə/
(General American) IPA^(key): /ˈsɜɹ.kə/
Audio (Southern England): (file)
Audio (US): (file)
Rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)kə
Hyphenation: cir‧ca

Preposition

circa

Synonym of around, about, approximately, particularly used with historical dating.
Coordinate terms: ante, post, ob., r.

Julius Caesar visited this area circa 50 BC.
- 2011 January 27, Michael Crowley, “Decision Time for Senator John Thune”, in Time‎^[1], New York, N.Y.: Time Inc., →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 10 May 2011:
  Political talent scouts have called South Dakota's John Thune "the Republican Obama" because his low profile, youth and presidential bearing recall the unknown Illinois Democrat circa January 2007.

Translations

approximately, about, around — see also c.,‎ approximately,‎ roughly,‎ grosso modo,‎ around

Arabic: حَوَالِي (ḥawālī)
Egyptian Arabic: حوالي (ḥawālī)
Armenian: մոտ (hy) (mot), մոտավորապես (hy) (motavorapes)
Bulgarian: около (bg) (okolo), приблизително (bg) (priblizitelno)
Catalan: circa (ca)
Chinese:
Mandarin: 大約 / 大约 (zh) (dàyuē)
Czech: přibližně (cs), cirka (cs)
Danish: cirka (da)
Dutch: circa (nl)
Esperanto: ĉirkaŭ (eo)
Faroese: umleið
Finnish: noin (fi)
French: (with a measure) environ (fr), (with a date) vers (fr)
Georgian: დაახლოებით (daaxloebit)
German: ungefähr (de), etwa (de), um (de), circa (de), zirka (de)
Greek: περίπου (el) (perípou), περ. (el) (per.)
Hebrew: בקירוב (be'qiruv), בסביבות (be'svivot)
Hindi: लगभग (hi) m (lagbhag), उमूमन (hi) m (umūman), तक़रीबन (hi) m (taqrīban)
Hungarian: cirka (hu), körülbelül (hu), nagyjából (hu), hozzávetőleg (hu)
Icelandic: um það bil (is), circa (is), sirka
Italian: circa (it)
Japanese: 約… (ja) (yaku), 大体… (ja) (daitai), …位 (ja) (kurai; gurai), …頃 (ja) (…ごろ, goro), およそ… (ja) (oyoso)
Korean: […] 경(頃) ([ … ] gyeong), 대략(大略) (ko) (daeryak)
Macedonian: о́колу (ókolu), при́ближно (príbližno), ци́рка (círka)
Norwegian: cirka (no)
Persian: حوالی (fa) (havâli-ye)
Polish: circa (pl)
Portuguese: cerca de, aproximadamente (pt)
Russian: приблизи́тельно (ru) (priblizítelʹno), приме́рно (ru) (primérno), о́коло (ru) (ókolo) (+ genitive case)
Spanish: cerca de, circa (es)
Swedish: cirka (sv)
Thai: ประมาณ (th) (bprà-maan)
Tibetan: ཡས་མས (yas mas)
Turkish: aşağı yukarı (tr)
Udmurt: ог (og)
Vietnamese: khoảng (vi)
Volapük: za (vo)

Anagrams

ARCIC, Ricca, craic

Czech

Alternative forms

cirka

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker-der.

Ancient Greek κίρκος (kírkos)bor.

Latin circus

Latin circum

Latin circabor.

Czech circa

Borrowed from Latin circa.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈt͡sɪrka]

Adverb

circa

circa, approximately
Synonym: cca

Dutch

Alternative forms

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin circa.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈsɪr.kaː/
Audio: (file)
Hyphenation: cir‧ca

Preposition

circa

circa: about, approximately

Adverb

circa

circa: about, approximately
Synonyms: grofweg, pakweg, omstreeks, ongeveer, plusminus, ruwweg, zo'n, pak hem beet

French

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin circa.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /siʁ.ka/

Preposition

circa

approximately, about

German

Alternative forms

zirka

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈt͡sɪʁka]
Audio (Germany (Berlin)): (file)

Adverb

circa

circa
Synonyms: etwa, ungefähr

Italian

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin circā.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈt͡ʃir.ka/
Rhymes: -irka
Hyphenation: cìr‧ca

Preposition

circa

regarding, concerning

Adverb

circa

about, approximately

Anagrams

craci, ricca

Latin

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈkɪr.kaː]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈt͡ʃir.ka]

Etymology 1

Later form for circum, or from circum + eā. The accusative is from the adverbial derivation.

Adverb

circā (not comparable)

around; about
on both sides

Preposition

circā (+ accusative)

around; near; about
- 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab urbe condita I.7:
  Circa advenam manifestae reum caedis
  around the stranger accused of open murder
regarding, concerning
- c. 347 CE – 420 CE, Hieronymus, Vulgate Ephesii.6.22:
  quem misi ad vos in hoc ipsum ut cognoscatis quae circa nos sunt et consoletur corda vestra
  Whom I have sent to you for this very thing, so that you can know things that are about us, and so that he can comfort your hearts.

Related terms

Postposition

circā (+ ablative)

by the reason of, on account of

Derived terms

quōcircā

Descendants

Asturian: cerca, cierca
Catalan: cerca, circa
Dutch: circa
English: circa
French: circa
German: circa
Italian: circa
Norwegian Bokmål: cirka
Portuguese: cerca
Romanian: circa
Sicilian: circa
Spanish: cerca, circa

References

“circa”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“circa”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
"circa", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
“circa”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
circa in Ramminger, Johann (16 July 2016 (last accessed)), Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎^[4], pre-publication website, 2005-2016
Online Latin dictionary, Olivetti

Etymology 2

Ultimately related to etymology 1. Sense 4 is only attested in the form cerca(s); see there for more.

Noun

circa f (genitive circae); first declension (Medieval Latin)^[1]^[2]

References

^ Niermeyer, Jan Frederik (1976), “2. circa”, in Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden, Boston: E. J. Brill, page 180
^ Blaise, Albert (1975), “circa”, in Dictionnaire latin-français des auteurs du moyen-âge: lexicon latinitatis medii aevi (Corpus christianorum) (overall work in Latin and French), Turnhout: Brepols, page 178

Polish

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker-der.

Ancient Greek κίρκος (kírkos)bor.

Latin circus

Latin circum

Latin circāubor.

Polish circa

Unadapted borrowing from Latin circā.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈt͡sir.ka/
Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -irka
Syllabification: cir‧ca

Particle

circa

(literary) circa, nearly, almost (in close approximation)
Synonyms: blisko, koło, mniej więcej, niespełna, niemal, około, prawie, w przybliżeniu

Na świecie żyje circa 9 mld ludzi. ― There are circa 9 billion people in the world.

Romanian

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker-der.

Ancient Greek κίρκος (kírkos)bor.

Latin circus

Latin circum

Latin circalbor.

Romanian circa

Learned borrowing from Latin circa.

Adverb

circa

approximately, about, or so
Synonym: cam

Spanish

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker-der.

Ancient Greek κίρκος (kírkos)bor.

Latin circus

Latin circum

Latin circālbor.

Spanish circa

Learned borrowing from Latin circā.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈθiɾka/ [ˈθiɾ.ka] (Spain, Equatorial Guinea)
IPA^(key): /ˈsiɾka/ [ˈsiɾ.ka] (Latin America, Philippines)
Rhymes: -iɾka
Syllabification: cir‧ca

Preposition

circa

circa

GeezerVison

English

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Preposition

Translations

See also

Anagrams

Czech

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Adverb

Further reading

Dutch

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Preposition

Adverb

French

Etymology

Pronunciation

Preposition

German

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Adverb

Further reading

Italian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Preposition

Adverb

Anagrams

Latin

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Adverb

Preposition

Related terms

Postposition

Derived terms

Descendants

References

Etymology 2

Noun

References

Polish

Etymology

Pronunciation

Particle

Further reading

Romanian

Etymology

Adverb

Spanish

Etymology

Pronunciation

Preposition

Further reading