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English
Alternative forms
Etymology
Proto-Indo-European *h₂orkéyeti English exercise From Middle English exercise, from Old French exercise, from Latin exercitium. Displaced native Old English plega (“an exercise”) whence Modern English play.
Pronunciation
Noun
exercise (countable and uncountable, plural exercises)
- (countable) Any activity designed to develop or hone a skill or ability.
- Synonyms: practice, practicing, drill, drilling
- Coordinate terms: instruction, training, teaching
The teacher told us that the next exercise is to write an essay.
- (countable, uncountable) Activity intended to improve physical, or sometimes mental, strength and fitness.
I like to do my exercises every morning before breakfast. I do calisthenics for physical exercise, and I do crosswords for mental exercise.
2018, Timothy R. Jennings, The Aging Brain, →ISBN, page 107:Regular mental exercise keeps the circuits of the brain active and healthy and reduces the risk of dementia.
- Such activity of physical nature, for physical fitness (plus also mental benefit).
Swimming is good exercise.
1910, Emerson Hough, chapter I, in The Purchase Price: Or The Cause of Compromise, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:This new-comer was a man who in any company would have seemed striking. […] He was smooth-faced, and his fresh skin and well-developed figure bespoke the man in good physical condition through active exercise, yet well content with the world's apportionment.
- Such activity of mental nature, for neurocognitive health.
- Hyponyms: mental gymnastics, mental acrobatics; mental calculation, mental math, mental arithmetic
Such exercises as puzzles and chess can help keep the mind sharp as we age.
- A setting in action or practicing; employment in the proper mode of activity; exertion; application; use.
The law guarantees us the free exercise of our rights. We urge the exercise of patience and restraint.
- December 8, 1801, Thomas Jefferson, first annual message
- exercise of the important function confided by the constitution to the legislature
1847, Alfred Tennyson, “(please specify the page number, or |part=Prologue, I to VII, or conclusion)”, in The Princess: A Medley, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC:O we will walk this world, / Yoked in all exercise of noble end.
- The performance of an office, ceremony, or duty.
I assisted the ailing vicar in the exercise of his parish duties.
1705, J[oseph] Addison, Remarks on Several Parts of Italy, &c. in the Years 1701, 1702, 1703, London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:Lewis […] refused even those of the church of England […] the public exercise of their religion.
c. 1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Richard the Third: […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene vii]:He doth entreat your Grace, my noble lord, To visit him tomorrow or next day. To draw him from his holy exercise.
- (obsolete) That which gives practice; a trial; a test.
1671, John Milton, “Samson Agonistes, […].”, in Paradise Regain’d. A Poem. In IV Books. To which is Added, Samson Agonistes, London: […] J[ohn] M[acock] for John Starkey […], →OCLC, page 77:But patience is more oft the exerciſe / Of Saints, the trial of thir fortitude,
Derived terms
Related terms
Translations
any activity designed to develop or hone a skill or ability
- Albanian: ushtrim (sq) m
- Arabic: تَمْرِين m (tamrīn), تَدْرِيب (ar) m (tadrīb)
- Armenian: վարժություն (hy) (varžutʻyun)
- Azerbaijani: məşq (az), təmrin, çalışma (az), təlim (az)
- Basque: ariketa
- Belarusian: практыкава́нне n (praktykavánnje), практыкава́ньне n (praktykavánʹnje)
- Bengali: please add this translation if you can
- Bulgarian: упражне́ние (bg) n (upražnénie)
- Burmese: လေ့ကျင့်ခန်း (my) (le.kyang.hkan:)
- Catalan: exercici (ca) m
- Chinese:
- Cantonese: 練習 / 练习 (lin6 zaap6)
- Mandarin: 練習 / 练习 (zh) (liànxí)
- Czech: cvičení (cs) n
- Danish: øvelse (da) c
- Dutch: oefening (nl) f
- Esperanto: ekzerco
- Estonian: harjutus
- Finnish: harjoitus (fi), harjoittelu (fi)
- French: exercice (fr) m
- Galician: exercicio (gl) m
- Georgian: ვარჯიში (varǯiši), სავარჯიშო (savarǯišo)
- German: Übung (de) f
- Greek: άσκηση (el) f (áskisi)
- Ancient Greek: ἄσκησις f (áskēsis), μελέτημα n (melétēma)
- Hebrew: תַּרְגִּיל (he) m (targíl)
- Hindi: व्यायाम (hi) m (vyāyām), अभ्यास (hi) m (abhyās), रियाज़ f (riyāz)
- Hungarian: gyakorlat (hu), feladat (hu), (uncountable sense) gyakorlás (hu)
- Icelandic: æfing (is) f
- Indonesian: latihan (id)
- Ingrian: upražnenja
- Japanese: 練習 (ja) (れんしゅう, renshū)
- Kazakh: жаттығу (jattığuw)
- Khmer: ការិយកម្ម (km) (kaareyaʼkam), ការិយកិច្ច (kaareyaʼkəc)
- Korean: 연습(練習) (ko) (yeonseup), 련습(練習) (ko) (ryeonseup) (North Korea)
- Kurdish:
- Northern Kurdish: temrîn (ku)
- Kyrgyz: көнүгүү (ky) (könügüü), машыгуу (ky) (maşıguu)
- Lao: ບົດເຝິກຫັດ (bot fœk hat)
- Latin: exercitātiō f, exercitium n
- Latvian: uzdevums m, vingrinājums m
- Ligurian: esercìçio m
- Lithuanian: uždavinys m, pratimas m
- Macedonian: вежба f (vežba)
- Malay: latihan (ms), latih tubi
- Malayalam: അഭ്യാസം (ml) (abhyāsaṁ)
- Mongolian:
- Cyrillic: дасгал (mn) (dasgal)
- Norwegian:
- Bokmål: øvelse m, øving m or f
- Nynorsk: øving f
- Pashto: مشق m (mašq), تمرين (ps) m (tamrín)
- Persian:
- Iranian Persian: تَمْرین (tamrin), مَشْق (mašġ), اِگْزِرْسیز (egzersiz) (dated), تَدْریب (fa) (tadrib)
- Polish: ćwiczenie (pl) n
- Portuguese: exercício (pt) m
- Romanian: exercițiu (ro) n
- Russian: упражне́ние (ru) n (upražnénije) (a specific exercise), трениро́вка (ru) f (treniróvka), пра́ктика (ru) f (práktika)
- Scottish Gaelic: eacarsaich f
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: ве̏жба f, вје̏жба f, пра̏кса f
- Latin: vȅžba (sh) f, vjȅžba (sh) f, prȁksa (sh) f
- Slovak: cvičenie n
- Slovene: vaja f, vadba f
- Spanish: ejercicio (es) m
- Swahili: mazoezi (sw)
- Swedish: övning (sv) c, uppgift (sv) c
- Tagalog: pagsasanay (tl)
- Tajik: машқ (mašq), тамрин (tamrin)
- Tamil: பயிற்சி (ta) (payiṟci)
- Thai: แบบฝึกหัด (th) (bɛ̀ɛp-fʉ̀k-hàt)
- Turkish: egzersiz (tr), temrin (tr)
- Turkmen: maşk
- Ukrainian: впра́ва (uk) f (vpráva)
- Urdu: مَشْق f (maśq), مَشّاقی f (maśśāqī), تَمْرِین f (tamrīn)
- Uyghur: مەشق (meshq)
- Uzbek: mashq (uz)
- Vietnamese: luyện tập (vi) (練習)
- Walloon: egzercice (wa) m
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physical activity intended to improve strength and fitness
- Albanian: Kalit, Stervit, Ushtrohem
- Arabic: تَمْرِين m (tamrīn)
- Armenian: վարժություն (hy) (varžutʻyun)
- Basque: ariketa
- Belarusian: зара́дка f (zarádka), трэніро́ўка f (trenirówka)
- Bengali: ব্যায়াম (bn) (bêẏam)
- Bulgarian: трениро́вка (bg) f (treniróvka)
- Burmese: လေ့ကျင့်ခန်း (my) (le.kyang.hkan:)
- Catalan: exercici (ca) m
- Chinese:
- Cantonese: 運動 / 运动 (wan6 dung6)
- Mandarin: 運動 / 运动 (zh) (yùndòng)
- Czech: cvičení (cs) n
- Dutch: lichaamsbeweging (nl) f
- Esperanto: ekzerco
- Estonian: harjutus
- Finnish: kuntoilu (fi), liikunta (fi), treeni (fi), harjoitus (fi), harjoittelu (fi), jumppa (fi), voimailu (fi)
- French: exercice (fr) m
- Georgian: ვარჯიში (varǯiši)
- German: Übung (de) f (a specific exercise), Training (de) n, Sport (de) m (general exercising)
- Gothic: 𐌿𐍃𐌸𐍂𐍉𐌸𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 f (usþrōþeins)
- Greek: γυμναστική (el) f (gymnastikí)
- Ancient Greek: γυμνάσια n pl (gumnásia), σωμασκία f (sōmaskía)
- Hebrew: תַּרְגִּיל (he) m (targíl)
- Hindi: वर्ज़िश f (varziś), कसरत (hi) f (kasrat), व्यायाम (hi) m (vyāyām)
- Hungarian: edzés (hu), torna (hu), mozgás (hu), testmozgás (hu), testgyakorlás (hu)
- Indonesian: latihan (id), olahraga (id)
- Italian: esercizio (it) m
- Japanese: 運動 (ja) (うんどう, undō), 体操 (ja) (たいそう, taisō), 体育 (ja) (たいいく, taiiku), エクササイズ (ekusasaizu)
- Kazakh: жаттығу (jattığuw)
- Korean: 운동(運動) (ko) (undong)
- Latin: exercitātiō f, exercitium n
- Latvian: vingrojums m, vingrinājums m
- Ligurian: esercìçio m
- Lithuanian: pratimas m, mankšta f
- Macedonian: ве́жба f (véžba)
- Malay: senaman (ms)
- Malayalam: വ്യായാമം (ml) (vyāyāmaṁ)
- Norwegian:
- Bokmål: mosjon m, øvelse m, øving m or f
- Nynorsk: mosjon m, øving f
- Persian:
- Iranian Persian: وَرْزِش (varzeš)
- Polish: ćwiczenie (pl) n
- Portuguese: exercício (pt)
- Punjabi: ਵਰਜ਼ਸ਼ f (varzaś)
- Romanian: exercițiu (ro) n
- Russian: упражне́ние (ru) n (upražnénije) (a specific exercise), заря́дка (ru) f (zarjádka), физзаря́дка (ru) f (fizzarjádka), трениро́вка (ru) f (treniróvka)
- Scottish Gaelic: eacarsaich f
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: ве̏жба f, вје̏жба f
- Latin: vȅžba (sh) f, vjȅžba (sh) f
- Sinhalese: ව්යායාමය (wyāyāmaya)
- Slovak: cvičenie n
- Slovene: gibanje (sl) n, vadba f
- Spanish: ejercicio (es) m, ejercitación (es) f
- Swahili: mazoezi (sw)
- Swedish: träning (sv) c
- Tajik: машқ (mašq), варзиш (tg) (varziš)
- Tamil: உடற்பயிற்சி (ta) (uṭaṟpayiṟci)
- Thai: การออกกำลังกาย (th) (gaan-ɔ̀ɔk-gam-lang-gaai)
- Turkish: egzersiz (tr)
- Ukrainian: впра́ва (uk) f (vpráva), заря́дка f (zarjádka), тренува́ння n (trenuvánnja)
- Urdu: وَرْزِش (ur) f (varziś), کسرت (kasrat), رِیاضَت (riyāzat)
- Vietnamese: vận động (vi) (運動), thể dục (vi) (體育)
- Volapük: koapaskilükam
- Welsh: ymarfer (cy) m or f
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Translations to be checked Verb
exercise (third-person singular simple present exercises, present participle exercising, simple past and past participle exercised)
- To exert for the sake of training or improvement; to practice in order to develop.
to exercise troops or horses; to exercise one's brain with a puzzle
- (intransitive) To perform physical activity for health or training.
I exercise at the gym every day.
- (transitive) To use (a right, an option, etc.); to put into practice.
- Synonym: assert
exercise caution The tenant exercised his option to renew the tenancy. She is going to exercise her right to vote.
1955 July, R. S. McNaught, “"Foreign" Engine Workings”, in Railway Magazine, page 497:The pre-grouping railway managements were very chary about allowing other people's trains on their territory, and there were many instances where running powers granted by Act of Parliament were never actually excercised because of difficulties deliberately put in the way.
- (now often passive voice) To occupy the attention and effort of; to task; to tax, especially in a painful or vexatious manner; harass; to vex; to worry or make anxious.
exercised with pain It is not a question that has exercised me greatly in the past.
1667, John Milton, “Book II”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 88–89:Where pain of unextinguiſhable fire / Muſt exerciſe us without hope of end
- (obsolete) To set in action; to cause to act, move, or make exertion; to give employment to.
1914 November, Louis Joseph Vance, “An Outsider […]”, in Munsey’s Magazine, volume LIII, number II, New York, N.Y.: The Frank A[ndrew] Munsey Company, […], published 1915, →OCLC, chapter I (Anarchy), page 373, column 2:Little disappointed, then, she turned attention to "Chat of the Social World," gossip which exercised potent fascination upon the girl's intelligence.
Derived terms
Translations
exert for the sake of training
- Albanian: Kalitem, Stervitem, Ushtrohem
- Arabic: تَمَرَّنَ (tamarrana)
- Egyptian Arabic: اتمرن m (etmarran)
- Armenian: մարզել (hy) (marzel)
- Belarusian: практыкава́цца impf (praktykavácca), трэнірава́цца impf (treniravácca)
- Bulgarian: упражня́вам се (upražnjávam se), трени́рам (bg) (treníram)
- Burmese: လေ့ကျင့် (my) (le.kyang.)
- Catalan: exercitar (ca)
- Chinese:
- Mandarin: 練習 / 练习 (zh) (liànxí), 運動 / 运动 (zh) (yùndòng), 做運動 / 做运动 (zuò yùndòng), 進行演習 / 进行演习 (jìnxíng yǎnxí), 鍛鍊 / 锻炼 (zh) (duànliàn)
- Cornish: omoberi
- Czech: cvičit (cs)
- Dutch: trainen (nl), oefenen (nl)
- Esperanto: ekzerci
- Estonian: õppus
- Finnish: harjoitella (fi), harjoittaa (fi), kuntoilla (fi), treenata (fi), jumpata (fi), päntätä (fi), opetella (fi)
- French: exercer (fr)
- Georgian: please add this translation if you can
- German: üben (de), trainieren (de)
- Greek:
- Ancient Greek: ἀσκέω (askéō)
- Haitian Creole: egzèse
- Hungarian: gyakorol (hu)
- Irish: aclaigh
- Italian: esercitare (it)
- Japanese: 練習する (ja) (れんしゅうする, renshū-suru)
- Khmer: ហាត់ (km) (hat)
- Korean: 연습하다 (ko) (yeonseuphada)
- Lao: ຝຶກ (fưk), ຫັດ (hat)
- Latin: exercitō
- Latvian: vingrot, vingrināt
- Macedonian: вежба (vežba)
- Mongolian: дасгал хийх (dasgal xiix)
- Norwegian: trene (no)
- Polish: ćwiczyć (pl)
- Portuguese: exercitar-se
- Quechua: amañay (qu)
- Russian: упражня́ться (ru) (upražnjátʹsja), тренирова́ться (ru) (trenirovátʹsja), практикова́ться (ru) (praktikovátʹsja)
- Slovak: cvičiť impf
- Spanish: ejercitar (es)
- Swedish: öva (sv), träna (sv), praktisera (sv)
- Thai: ฝึก (th) (fʉ̀k), หัด (th) (hàt), ฝึกหัด (th) (fʉ̀k-hàt)
- Ukrainian: вправля́тися impf (vpravljátysja), практикува́тися impf (praktykuvátysja), тренува́тися impf (trenuvátysja)
- Vietnamese: luyện tập (vi) (練習), tập (vi)) (習 (vi))
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perform physical activity
- Armenian: մարզել (hy) (marzel), պարապել (hy) (parapel)
- Chinese:
- Mandarin: 鍛鍊 / 锻炼 (zh) (duànliàn), 鍛鍊身體 / 锻炼身体 (duànliàn shēntǐ), 健身 (zh) (jiànshēn)
- Danish: motionere
- Dutch: sporten (nl), bewegen (nl)
- Finnish: kuntoilla (fi), harjoitella (fi), treenata (fi), jumpata (fi), voimistella (fi), voimailla
- German: sich bewegen
- Hungarian: tornázik (hu), mozog (hu), edz (hu), testmozgást/testgyakorlást végez
- Icelandic: hreyfa sig
- Irish: aclaigh, déan aclaíocht
- Italian: esercitarsi (it), allenarsi (it)
- Japanese: 運動する
- Polish: ćwiczyć (pl)
- Portuguese: fazer exercício
- Spanish: hacer ejercicio
- Swedish: motionera (sv)
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occupy the attention and effort of Translations to be checked See also
See also
Further reading
- “exercise”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
- William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin Eli Smith, editors (1895–1910), “exercise”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
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