GeezerVison

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English

Pronunciation

(UK)
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /nəʊ/
- Audio (UK); “to know”: (file)
- (Scotland) IPA^(key): /no/
- (Wales, without the toe–tow merger) IPA^(key): /nou/
- (Northumbria) IPA^(key): /naː/
(General American) enPR: nō, IPA^(key): /noʊ/
Audio (US): (file)
(Australia) IPA^(key): /nəʉ/
Rhymes: -əʊ
Homophones: no, noh (both toe–tow merger)

Etymology 1

From Middle English knowen, from Old English cnāwan (“to know, perceive, recognise”), from Proto-West Germanic *knāan, from Proto-Germanic *knēaną (“to know”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃- (“to know”).

Cognates

from Proto-Germanic: Scots knaw (“to know, recognise”), Icelandic knega (“to know, know how to, be able”), Old High German knājan (“to know, recognise”), Old Norse kná (“to know how”). Remotely related also Dutch and German kennen, West Frisian kenne (see English ken).
from Indo-European: Latin gnoscō, Latin cognoscō (Spanish conocer, French connaître, Romanian cunoaște, Italian conoscere, Portuguese conhecer), Ancient Greek γνωρίζω (gnōrízō, “to know”) and γνῶσις (gnôsis, “knowledge”), Albanian njoh (“to know, recognise”), Russian знать (znatʹ, “to know”), Lithuanian žinoti (“to know”), Persian شناختن (šenâxtan, “to know”) and Hindi जानना (jānnā, “to know, understand”).

Alternative forms

knaa (Northumbria)
knowe (obsolete)

Verb

know (third-person singular simple present knows, present participle knowing, simple past knew or (nonstandard) knowed, past participle known or (colloquial and nonstandard) knew)

(transitive) To perceive the truth or factuality of; to be certain of; to be certain that.
- 1985 April 17, Frank Herbert, 15:46 from the start, in Frank Herbert speaking at UCLA 4/17/1985‎^[1], UCLACommStudies, archived from the original on 10 February 2017:
  Question things. I have the most fun when I'm writing questioning things that people do not question- the assumptions that everybody knows are true.
- 1991 September, Stephen Fry, chapter 1, in The Liar, London: Heinemann, →ISBN, section II, page 24:
  '[…] I know whether a boy is telling me the truth or not.'
  'Thank you, sir.'
  Did he hell. They never bloody did.
I know that I’m right and you’re wrong.

He knew something terrible was going to happen.
(intransitive) To be or become aware or cognizant.
Did you know Michelle and Jack were getting divorced? ― Yes, I knew.

Malware's sometimes been known to sit dormant for a long time.
- 1749, Henry Fielding, “A whimsical Adventure which befel the Squire, with the distressed Situation of Sophia”, in The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volume VI, London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC, book XVI, page 7:
  ‘A Gentleman!’ quoth the Squire, ‘who the Devil can he be? Do, Doctor, go down and ſee who ’tis. Mr. Blifil can hardly be come to town yet.—Go down, do, and know what his Buſineſs is.[’]
(transitive) To be aware of; to be cognizant of.
Did you know Michelle and Jack were getting divorced? ― Yes, I knew.

She knows where I live.

I knew he was upset, but I didn't understand why.
- 1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter I, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y.; London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC, page 18:
  I stumbled along through the young pines and huckleberry bushes. Pretty soon I struck into a sort of path that, I cal'lated, might lead to the road I was hunting for. It twisted and turned, and, the first thing I knew, made a sudden bend around a bunch of bayberry scrub and opened out into a big clear space like a lawn.
- 2019 September 12, “Scientists discover water, temperature conditions right for life at planet called K2-18b outside solar system”, in South China Morning Post‎^[2], →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 11 September 2019, Europe, sourced from Associated Press‎^[3]:
  Discovered in 2015, the planet known as K2-18b is twice the size of Earth with eight times the mass. While it is thought to be rocky, no one knows if water’s flowing on the surface.
(intransitive, obsolete) To be acquainted (with another person).
- c. 1606–1607 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Anthonie and Cleopatra”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene vi], page 350, column 1:
  You, and I haue knowne ſir.
(transitive) To be acquainted or familiar with; to have encountered.
I know your mother, but I've never met your father.

Borja, do you know Pilar? - Sure, we've actually met before.

I got to know her during the pandemic, so we've known each other for years now.
- 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter I, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC, page 1:
  I was about to say that I had known the Celebrity from the time he wore kilts. But I see I shall have to amend that, because he was not a celebrity then, nor, indeed, did he achieve fame until some time after I had left New York for the West.
- 2016, VOA Learning English (public domain)
  Marsha is my roommate. — I know Marsha. She is nice.
1. (transitive, archaic, biblical, euphemistic) To have sexual relations with. This meaning normally specified in modern English as e.g. to 'know someone in the biblical sense' or to 'know biblically'.
  - 1560, [William Whittingham et al., transl.], The Bible and Holy Scriptures Conteyned in the Olde and Newe Testament. […] (the Geneva Bible), Geneva: […] Rouland Hall, →OCLC, Genesis IIII:1, folio 2, verso:
    AFterwarde the man knewe Heuáh his wife, which cõceiued & bare Káin, & ſaid, I haue obteined a man by yͤ Lord.
  - 1939, Dorothy Parker, “Horsie,”, in Here lies: The collected stories of Dorothy Parker‎^[4]:
    Now Gerald had never thought of her having a mother. Then there must have been a father, too, some time. And Miss Wilmarth existed because two people once had loved and known. It was not a thought to dwell upon.
  - 2003 May 11, Garland Testa, 19:37 from the start, in Gary McCarver, director, Night and Deity (King of the Hill), season 7, episode 21, spoken by Dale Gribble (Johnny Hardwick), 20th Century Fox:
    Wait a second. Are you… attempting to know me?
(transitive) To experience.
Their relationship knew ups and downs.
- 1991, Irvin Haas, Historic Homes of the American Presidents, page 155:
  The Truman family knew good times and bad, […].
To understand or have a grasp of through experience or study.
Let me do it. I know how it works.

She knows how to swim.

His mother tongue is Italian, but he also knows French and English.

She knows chemistry better than anybody else.

Know your enemy and know yourself.
- 2013 August 3, “The machine of a new soul”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8847, London: The Economist Group, →ISSN, →OCLC:
  The yawning gap in neuroscientists’ understanding of their topic is in the intermediate scale of the brain’s anatomy. Science has a passable knowledge of how individual nerve cells, known as neurons, work. It also knows which visible lobes and ganglia of the brain do what. But how the neurons are organised in these lobes and ganglia remains obscure.
(transitive) To be able to distinguish, to discern, particularly by contrast or comparison; to recognize the nature of.
to know a person's face or figure

to know right from wrong

I wouldn't know one from the other.
- 1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, Matthew vij:[16], folio ix, recto:
  Ye ſhall knowe them by their frutes.
- 1920, Mary Roberts Rinehart, Avery Hopwood, “The Shadow of the Bat”, in The Bat: A Novel from the Play (Dell Book; 241), New York, N.Y.: Dell Publishing Company, →OCLC, page 6:
  The Bat—they called him the Bat. […]. He'd never been in stir, the bulls had never mugged him, he didn't run with a mob, he played a lone hand, and fenced his stuff so that even the fence couldn't swear he knew his face.
- 1980, Armored and mechanized brigade operations, p.3−29:
  Flares do not know friend from foe and so illuminate both. Changes in wind direction can result in flare exposure of the attacker while defenders hide in the shadows.
(transitive) To recognize as the same (as someone or something previously encountered) after an absence or change.
- c. 1645-1688, Thomas Flatman, Translation of Part of Petronius Arbiter's Satyricon:
  At nearer view he thought he knew the dead, / And call'd the wretched man to mind.
- 1816 June – 1817 April/May (date written), [Mary Shelley], chapter V, in Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus. […], volume I, London: […] [Macdonald and Son] for Lackington, Hughes, Harding, Mavor, & Jones, published 1 January 1818, →OCLC, page 115:
  Ernest also is so much improved, that you would hardly know him: […].
(intransitive) To have knowledge; to have information, be informed.
It is vital that he not know.

She knew of our plan.

He knows about 19th century politics.
- 1908, W[illiam] B[lair] M[orton] Ferguson, chapter IV, in Zollenstein, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC, page 41:
  “My Continental prominence is improving,” I commented dryly. ¶ Von Lindowe cut at a furze bush with his silver-mounted rattan. ¶ “Quite so,” he said as dryly, his hand at his mustache. “I may say if your intentions were known your life would not be worth a curse.”
- 2014 April 21, “Subtle effects”, in The Economist, volume 411, number 8884, London: The Economist Group, →ISSN, →OCLC:
  Manganism has been known about since the 19th century, when miners exposed to ores containing manganese, a silvery metal, began to totter, slur their speech and behave like someone inebriated.
- 2016, VOA Learning English (public domain)
  Marsha knows.
(transitive) To be able to play or perform (a song or other piece of music).
Do you know "Blueberry Hill"?
(transitive) To have indexed and have information about within one's database.
- 2023 June 7, “Search Names and Meanings”, in Name Doctor‎^[5], archived from the original on 7 June 2023:
  Mmm... Seems you searched for a name that we don't know, we'll send our trained monkeys to check what's in stock.
(transitive, philosophy) To maintain (a belief, a position) subject to a given philosophical definition of knowledge; to hold a justified true belief.

Usage notes

This is generally a stative verb that rarely takes the continuous inflection. See Category:English stative verbs
“Knowen” is found in some old texts as the past participle.
In some old texts, the form “know to [verb]” rather than “know how to [verb]” is found, e.g. Milton wrote: “he knew himself to sing, and build the lofty rhymes”.

Conjugation

Conjugation of *know*
	present tense	past tense
infinitive	(to) know

1st-person singular	know	knew
2nd-person singular	know, knowest^†	knew, knewest^†
3rd-person singular	knows, knoweth^†	knew
plural	know	knew

subjunctive	know	knew

imperative	know	—

participles	knowing	known

^† Archaic or obsolete.

Quotations

1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Iulius Cæsar”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i], page 128, column 1:
O that a man might know / The end of this dayes buſineſſe, ere it come: / But it ſufficeth, that the day will end, / And then the end is knowne.
1838 October, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, “The Light of Stars”, in Voices of the Night, Cambridge, Mass.: […] John Owen, published 1839, →OCLC, page 13:
O fear not in a world like this, / And thou shalt know ere long, / Know how sublime a thing it is, / To suffer and be strong.
2013 September-October, Henry Petroski, “The Evolution of Eyeglasses”, in American Scientist:
The ability of a segment of a glass sphere to magnify whatever is placed before it was known around the year 1000, when the spherical segment was called a reading stone, essentially what today we might term a frameless magnifying glass or plain glass paperweight.

Synonyms

(have sexual relations with): coitize, go to bed with, sleep with; see also Thesaurus:copulate with

Hyponyms

grok

Derived terms

Terms derived from know (verb)

Translations

be justifiably certain or sure about (something true)

Abkhaz: адырра (adərra)
Afar: eexege
Afrikaans: weet (af)
Akan: nim
Albanian: di (sq), njoh (sq)
Altai:
Southern Altai: билер (biler)
American Sign Language: BentB@Sfhead
Amharic: ማወቅ (am) (mawäḳ), ማዎቅ (mawoḳ)
Arabic: عَلِمَ (ar) (ʕalima), عَرَفَ (ar) (ʕarafa)
Egyptian Arabic: عرف (ʕeref)

Hijazi Arabic: عرف (ʕirif), دِرِي (diri)
Aragonese: please add this translation if you can
Aramaic: יְדַע
Armenian: գիտենալ (hy) (gitenal), իմանալ (hy) (imanal)
Aromanian: shciu
Asturian: saber (ast)
Azerbaijani: bilmək (az)
Bakhtiari: دونستن (dõwesten)
Bangi: yeba
Bashkir: белеү (belew)
Basque: jakin, jakina izan
Belarusian: ве́даць (be) impf (vjédacʹ), знаць impf (znacʹ)
Bengali: জানা (bn) (jana), চেনা (bn) (cena)
Bislama: save
Bontoc:
Eastern Bontoc: ammo, inila
Bouyei: rox
Breton: gouzout (br)
Buginese: ito
Bulgarian: зна́я (bg) impf (znája)
Burmese: သိရှိ (my) (si.hri.), သိ (my) (si.)
Catalan: saber (ca)
Cebuano: kahibalo
Chinese:
Cantonese: 知 (zi¹)

Dungan: җыдо (žɨdo)

Eastern Min: 捌 (báik)

Hakka: 知 (tî)

Hokkien: 知影 (zh-min-nan) (chai-iáⁿ), 會曉 / 会晓 (zh-min-nan) (ē-hiáu), 明白 (zh-min-nan) (bîng-pi̍k)

Mandarin: 知道 (zh) (zhīdao), 曉得 / 晓得 (zh) (xiǎode)

Wu: 曉得 / 晓得
Chinook Jargon: kəmtəks
Chuvash: пӗл (pĕl)
Coptic:
Bohairic Coptic: ⲉⲙⲓ (emi)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲉⲓⲙⲓ (eimi), ⲉⲓⲙⲓ (eimi)

Old Coptic: ⲉⲙⲓ (emi), ⲙⲙⲓ (mmi)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲉⲓⲙⲉ (eime), ⲉⲓⲙⲙⲉ (eimme)
Cornish: godhvos (Kernewek Kemmyn)
Czech: vědět (cs)
Dalmatian: sapar
Danish: vide (da)
Dolgan: бил
Dongxiang: mejie
Dutch: weten (nl)
Dzongkha: ཤེས (shes)
Egyptian: ꜥm
Akhmimic, Lycopolitan: ⲙⲙⲉ (mme)
Emilian: savêr
Esperanto: scii (eo)
Estonian: teadma (et)
Even: хадай (hadaj)
Evenki: сами (sami)
Fang (Bantu): -yem
Faroese: vita (fo)
Finnish: tietää (fi)
French: savoir (fr)
Old French: savoir, saveir
Frisian:
North Frisian: (Mooring) waase, (Föhr-Amrum) witj

West Frisian: wite (fy), witte (fy)
Friulian: savê
Gagauz: bilmää
Galician: saber (gl)
Georgian: ცოდნა (ka) (codna)
German: wissen (de)
Alemannic German: wüsse

Bavarian: wissn
Gothic: 𐍅𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽 (witan)
Greek: ξέρω (el) (xéro)
Ancient Greek: γιγνώσκω (gignṓskō), γινώσκω (ginṓskō) (Ionic, Koine), οἶδα (oîda)
Guarani:
Mbya Guarani: kuaa

Paraguayan Guarani: ^{(please verify)} kuaa
Guianese Creole: savé
Gujarati: જાણવું (jāṇvũ)
Haitian Creole: konnen
Hausa: sanī̀
Hawaiian: ʻike
Hebrew: יָדַע (he) (yadá)
Hindi: जानना (hi) (jānnā)
Hungarian: tud (hu)
Icelandic: vita (is)
Ido: savar (io)
Ilocano: ammo
Indonesian: tahu (id)
Irish: a fhios a bheith agat, is eol do, eolas a bheith ag
Istriot: savì
Italian: sapere (it)
Japanese: 知る (ja) (しる, shiru), 確信している (かくしんしている, kakushin shite iru), ご存知である (ごぞんじである, go-zonji de aru) (honorific), 存じ上げる (ja) (ぞんじあげる, zonjiageru) (humble)
Javanese: weruh (jv)
Old Javanese: wruh
Kabyle: ẓer
Kalinga:
Southern Kalinga: akammu
Kankanaey: ammo, getek
Karakhanid: بِلْماكْ (bilmēk)
Kashmiri: زانُن (zānun)
Kazakh: білу (kk) (bilüw)
Khakas: пілерге (pìlerge)
Khmer: ចេរ (km) (cee)
Kikuyu: ũĩ
Kilivila: -nukwali-
Kituba: zaba
Kongo: zaya
Korean: 알다 (ko) (alda)
Krio: sabi
Kurdish:
Central Kurdish: زانین (ckb) (zanîn)

Northern Kurdish: zanîn (ku)
Kyrgyz: билүү (ky) (bilüü)
Lao: ຮູ້ (lo) (hū), ຊາບ (sāp)
Latin: sciō (la)
Latvian: zināt (lv)
Lingala: yeba, eba
Lithuanian: žinoti (lt)
Lombard: savè (lmo)
Low German: weten
Lü: ᦣᦴᧉ (huu²)
Luxembourgish: wëssen
Macedonian: зна́е impf (znáe)
Makasar: ito
Malay: tahu (ms)
Malayalam: അറിയുക (ml) (aṟiyuka)
Maltese: għaf
Manchu: ᠰᠠᠮᠪᡳ (sambi)
Mandar: wissang
Manobo:
Western Bukidnon Manobo: savut
Marathi: जाणणे (mr) (j̈āṇṇe)
Megleno-Romanian: știu
Middle English: witen
Minangkabau: tahu
Mirandese: saber
Mongolian: мэдэх (mn) (medex)
Mpade: sɨn
Muong: mắt
Murut:
Keningau Murut: nakapanday, napandayan
Nahuatl: mati
Nanai: саори (saori), отоли- (otoli-)
Nepali: चिन्नु (ne) (cinnu)
Ngeq: cɔɔm
Norman: saver
Norwegian: vite (no)
Nǀuu: ǁxae
Occitan: saber (oc), saupre (oc)
Odia: ଜାଣିବା (or) (jāṇibā)
Old Church Slavonic:
Cyrillic: знати (znati), вѣдѣти (věděti)
Old East Slavic: знати (znati), вѣдѣти (věděti)
Old English: witan
Old Saxon: witan
Old Tupi: kuab
Old Turkic: 𐰋𐰃𐰠 (b²il² /⁠bil-⁠/)
Oromo: baruu
Ossetian: зонын (zonyn)
Pashto: پوهېدل (ps) (pohedᶕl), پيېدل (pǝyedǝ́l)
Persian: دانستن (fa) (dânestan), دونستن (dunestan) (colloquial)
Piedmontese: savej
Polish: wiedzieć (pl) impf
Portuguese: saber (pt)
Quechua: riqsiy
Ratahan: mataton
Romanian: ști (ro)
Romansh: savair, saveir, saver
Russian: знать (ru) impf (znatʹ), ве́дать (ru) impf (védatʹ) (dated, poetic)
Saho: eerhege
Samogitian: žėnuotė
Sanskrit: जानाति (sa) (jānāti)
Sardinian: ischire, ischiri
Scots: knaw
Scottish Gaelic: bi fhios aig
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: знати impf

Latin: znati (sh) impf
Shan: please add this translation if you can
Sherpa: ཤེའ (she')
Sicilian: sapiri (scn)
Sindhi: ڄاڻڻ (j̄āṇṇ)
Sinhalese: දන්නවා (si) (dannawā)
Slovak: vedieť (sk) impf
Slovene: vedeti (sl) impf
Somali: ogaasho
Sorbian:
Lower Sorbian: wěźeś

Upper Sorbian: wědźeć
Spanish: saber (es)
Sranan Tongo: sabi
Sundanese: uninga
Swahili: kujua (sw)
Swedish: veta (sv)
Tagalog: alam (tl)
Tajik: донистан (tg) (donistan)
Talysh: zıne
Tarantino: sapè
Tatar: белергә (tt) (belergä)
Ternate: waro
Tetum: hatene
Thai: รู้ (th) (rúu), ทราบ (th) (sâap)
Northern Thai: ᩁᩪ᩶ (hu)
Tibetan: ཤེས (shes), མཁྱེན (mkhyen) (honorific)
Classical Tibetan: ཤེས་ (shes)
Tocharian B: kärs-
Tofa: билир (bilir), биир (biir)
Tok Pisin: save
Turkish: bilmek (tr)
Ottoman Turkish: بیلمك (bilmek)
Turkmen: bilmek (tk)
Tuvan: билир (bilir)
Ugaritic: 𐎊𐎄𐎓 (ydʿ)
Ukrainian: зна́ти (uk) impf (znáty), ві́дати (uk) impf (vídaty) (dated, poetic)
Urdu: جاننا (jānnā)
Uyghur: بىلمەك (bilmek)
Uzbek: bilmoq (uz)
Venetan: saver
Vietnamese: biết (vi)
Volapük: nolön (vo)
Welsh: medru (cy), gwybod (cy)
Yakut: бил (bil)
Yiddish: וויסן (visn)
Yola: 'ote
Zazaki: zanıtene (diq), zanen, zan (diq), zanayen
Zealandic: wete
Zhuang: rox

be acquainted or familiar with

Albanian: njoh (sq)
Amharic: ማወቅ (am) (mawäḳ)
Arabic: عَرَفَ (ar) (ʕarafa)
Egyptian Arabic: عرف (ʕeref)

Hijazi Arabic: عِرِف (ʕirif), دِري (diri)
Armenian: իմանալ (hy) (imanal), ճանաչել (hy) (čanačʻel), գիտենալ (hy) (gitenal)
Aromanian: cunoscu
Asturian: conocer (ast), coñocer (ast)
Basque: ezagutu
Belarusian: знаць impf (znacʹ)
Bulgarian: позна́вам (bg) impf (poznávam), зна́я (bg) impf (znája)
Burmese: သိ (my) (si.)
Buryat: таниха (tanixa)
Catalan: conèixer (ca)
Cebuano: katultol (a place), kaila (a person)
Cherokee: ᎤᏅᏔ (unvta)
Chinese:
Hokkien: 捌 (pat)

Mandarin: 認識 / 认识 (zh) (rènshi)
Comorian:
Ngazidja Comorian: udjua
Cornish: aswonn (Kernewek Kemmyn)
Czech: znát (cs)
Danish: kende (da)
Dutch: kennen (nl)
Esperanto: koni (eo)
Estonian: tundma (et), teadma (et)
Faroese: kenna
Finnish: tuntea (fi)
French: connaître (fr), connaitre (fr) (alternative spelling)
Frisian:
West Frisian: kenne (fy)
Friulian: cognossi
Galician: coñecer (gl)
Georgian: ცნობა (cnoba)
German: kennen (de)
Alemannic German: wüsse
Gothic: 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 (kunnan)
Greek: γνωρίζω (el) (gnorízo), ξέρω (el) (xéro) (informal)
Ancient Greek: οἶδα (oîda)
Guarani:
Mbya Guarani: kuaa

Paraguayan Guarani: ^{(please verify)} kuaa
Gujarati: ઓળખવું (oḷkhavũ)
Haitian Creole: konnen
Hebrew: הִכִּיר (he) (hikír)
Higaonon: kilala
Hungarian: ismer (hu)
Icelandic: þekkja (is)
Ido: konocar (io)
Indonesian: kenal (id)
Irish: aithin, aithne a bheith ag
Istriot: cugnussi
Italian: conoscere (it)
Japanese: ...を知っている (ja) (...をしっている, ...o shitte iru), ...に精通している (...にせいつうしている, ...ni seitsū shite iru)
Kabyle: ẓer
Kalmyk: таньх (tanʹx)
Kikuyu: ũĩ
Korean: ...와 친한 사이다 (...wa chinhan saida), 알다 (ko) (alda)
Kurdish:
Central Kurdish: ناسین (ckb) (nasîn)

Northern Kurdish: nasîn (ku)
Lakota: slolyÁ
Lao: ຮູ້ຈັກ (hū chak)
Latin: cognoscere (la), agnosco, regnosco, nosco (la), noscito (la)
Latvian: pazīt
Livonian: tundõ
Lombard: cugnuss
Lü: please add this translation if you can
Macedonian: знае impf (znae)
Malay: kenal (ms)
Malayalam: അറിയുക (ml) (aṟiyuka)
Maltese: please add this translation if you can
Mauritian Creole: kone
Mirandese: coincer
Mòcheno: kennen
Mongolian: таних (mn) (tanix)
Murut:
Keningau Murut: makaulig
Navajo: bił bééhózin
Norman: connaître
Norwegian: kjenne (no)
Occitan: conéisser (oc)
Ojibwe: gikenim (vta), gikendan (vti)
Old Church Slavonic:
Cyrillic: знати impf (znati)
Old East Slavic: знати impf (znati)
Old English: cunnan
Old Saxon: kennian
Old Tupi: kuab
Oromo: beekuu
Papiamentu: conoci
Persian: شناختن (fa) (šenâxtan)
Piedmontese: conosse
Pipil: -ishmati, -ixmati
Polabian: znot impf
Polish: znać (pl) impf
Portuguese: conhecer (pt)
Romanian: cunoaște (ro)
Russian: знать (ru) impf (znatʹ)
Scottish Gaelic: bi eòlach air
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: зна̏ти impf, позна́вати impf

Latin: znȁti (sh) impf, poznávati (sh) pf
Shan: please add this translation if you can
Slovak: poznať (sk)
Slovene: znati impf
Sorbian:
Lower Sorbian: znaś impf

Upper Sorbian: znać impf
Spanish: conocer (es), cognocer (es) (desus.)
Swedish: känna (sv) (a person), känna till (sv), veta om (a piece of fact)
Tagalog: kilala (tl), makilala, kilalanin
Tarantino: canòsce
Thai: รู้จัก (th) (rúu-jàk)
Northern Thai: please add this translation if you can

Southern Thai: please add this translation if you can
Tocharian A: kñā-
Tok Pisin: save
Turkish: tanımak (tr)
Ottoman Turkish: طانیمق (tanımak)
Ukrainian: зна́ти (uk) impf (znáty)
Venetan: cognossare, cognósar, conoser, conosar, conóser, conósar, conosare, conossar, conossare
Vietnamese: làm quen (vi)
Volapük: sevön (vo)
Walloon: kinoxhe (wa)
Welsh: (colloquial) nabod (cy), (literary) adnabod (cy)
Yiddish: קענען (kenen)
Yuki: nąnák
Yup'ik: nallunrituq
Zazaki: zanayen, sılasnen
Zealandic: kenne
Zhuang: please add this translation if you can

have knowledge of

Albanian: njoftoj (sq)
American Sign Language: BentB@Sfhead
Arabic: دَرَى (ar) (darā), عَرَفَ (ar) (ʕarafa)
Hijazi Arabic: عِرِف (ʕirif), دري (diri)
Armenian: իմանալ (hy) (imanal), կարողանալ (hy) (karoġanal), գիտենալ (hy) (gitenal)
Belizean Creole: noa
Bulgarian: зна́я (bg) (znája)
Burmese: သိ (my) (si.)
Catalan: saber (ca)
Cebuano: kahibalo, kamao (a skill)
Chinese:
Cantonese: 識 / 识 (sik¹), 明 (ming⁴)

Mandarin: 懂 (zh) (dǒng), 明白 (zh) (míngbai)
Cornish: godhvos (Kernewek Kemmyn)
Czech: vědět (cs)
Danish: kende (da)
Dutch: weten (nl)
Emilian: savêr
Estonian: oskama
Faroese: vita (fo)
Finnish: tietää (fi)
French: connaître (fr), connaitre (fr) (alternative spelling), savoir (fr)
Frisian:
West Frisian: witte (fy)
Georgian: ცოდნა (ka) (codna)
German: wissen (de) (to have knowledge), können (de) (to have a skill)
Alemannic German: wüsse

Old High German: wiȥȥan
Greek: γνωρίζω (el) (gnorízo)
Ancient Greek: γιγνώσκω (gignṓskō), οἶδα (oîda)
Guarani:
Mbya Guarani: kuaa

Paraguayan Guarani: ^{(please verify)} kuaa
Haitian Creole: konnen
Hungarian: tud (hu)
Ido: konocar (io)
Indonesian: tahu (id)
Interlingua: saper (ia)
Irish: a fhios a bheith agat, is eol do, eolas a bheith ag
Italian: conoscere (it)
Japanese: 知っている (しっている, shitte iru)
Judeo-Italian: קוּנוּשֵירֵי (qunušere /⁠cunuscere⁠/)
Kabyle: ẓer
Kashubian: wiedzec
Kurdish:
Central Kurdish: زانین (ckb) (zanîn)

Northern Kurdish: zanîn (ku)
Lao: please add this translation if you can
Latin: cognoscere (la)
Latvian: prast (lv)
Malay: tahu (ms)
Malayalam: അറിയുക (ml) (aṟiyuka)
Maltese: jaf
Mongolian: please add this translation if you can
Norman: connaître
Norwegian: kunne (no)
Nǀuu: ǁxaea, ǁxae
Occitan: saber (oc)
Old English: witan
Old Saxon: witan
Old Turkic: 𐰋𐰃𐰠 (b²il² /⁠bil-⁠/)
Persian: دانستن (fa) (dânestan)
Pipil: -mati
Polish: wiedzieć (pl)
Portuguese: conhecer (pt), entender de, saber de
Quechua: yachay
Rapa Nui: agi
Romanian: ști (ro)
Russian: уме́ть (ru) (umétʹ) (to have a skill), знать (ru) (znatʹ)
Scots: ken
Scottish Gaelic: bi fhios aig
Serbo-Croatian: znȁti (sh)
Sorbian:
Lower Sorbian: wěźeś

Upper Sorbian: wědźeć
Spanish: saber (es), saber quién es, saber qué es, saber lo que es
Sundanese: uninga
Swedish: veta (sv)
Tagalog: malaman, mabatid, alam (tl)
Tamil: தெரிந்திரு (terintiru)
Tok Pisin: save
Turkish: bilmek (tr)
Volapük: please add this translation if you can
Welsh: gwybod (cy)
Yiddish: וויסן (visn)
Zazaki: zanıtene (diq), zanıten

understand (a subject)

Albanian: kuptoj (sq), n'za(gheg)
Armenian: իմանալ (hy) (imanal), գիտենալ (hy) (gitenal)
Bulgarian: разби́рам (bg) impf (razbíram)
Burmese: တတ် (my) (tat)
Cebuano: sabot
Cornish: godhvos (Kernewek Kemmyn)
Czech: znát (cs)
Danish: forstå sig på, kende til
Emilian: savêr
Faroese: duga, skilja
Finnish: ymmärtää (fi)
French: connaître (fr), connaitre (fr) (alternative spelling), savoir (fr)
Georgian: გაგება (gageba), ცოდნა (ka) (codna)
German: können (de), sich auskennen in
Hungarian: tud (hu)
Italian: capire (it)
Japanese: 理解する (りかいする, rikai suru), 分かる (ja) (わかる, wakaru)
Kurdish:
Central Kurdish: زانین (ckb) (zanîn)

Northern Kurdish: zanîn (ku)
Latin: capio (la), intellego (la), scio (la), teneo (la)
Latvian: saprast, prast (lv)
Malayalam: അറിയുക (ml) (aṟiyuka)
Norwegian: forstå (no)
Old English: cunnan
Persian: دانستن (fa) (dânestan), بلد بودن (balad budan)
Pipil: -mati
Polish: znać się (pl)
Portuguese: saber (pt), conhecer (pt), entender (pt)
Russian: знать (ru) pf (znatʹ), понима́ть (ru) impf (ponimátʹ), поня́ть (ru) pf (ponjátʹ)
Scottish Gaelic: bi eòlach air
Serbo-Croatian: znȁti (sh), poznávati (sh)
Spanish: conocer (es), entender de, saber de
Swedish: kunna (sv)
Tagalog: umunawa, maunawaan, maintindihan
Tok Pisin: save
Turkish: anlamak (tr), bilmek (tr)
Volapük: please add this translation if you can
Zazaki: zanayen

have sexual relations with

Albanian: nërza(gheg)
Bulgarian: познавам (bg) (poznavam) (библ.)
Esperanto: seksumi (eo)
Faroese: kenna (biblical)
Finnish: tuntea (fi)
French: connaître (fr) (biblical)
German: (biblical) erkennen (de)
Greek:
Ancient Greek: γιγνώσκω (gignṓskō)
Hebrew: יָדַע (he) (yadá')
Hungarian: megismer (hu)
Indonesian: setubuh (id)
Kurdish:
Northern Kurdish: zanîn (ku)
Latin: uti aliquo, notitiam habere, scio (la)
Latvian: iepazīt
Lingala: koyébana
Norwegian: kjenne (no)
Old English: witan
Portuguese: conhecer (pt)
Romanian: cunoaște (ro)
Russian: познава́ть (ru) impf (poznavátʹ), позна́ть (ru) pf (poznátʹ)
Spanish: conocer (es)
Turkish: yatmış olmak

be informed about

Albanian: njoftohem
Armenian: իմանալ (hy) (imanal), գիտենալ (hy) (gitenal)
Comorian:
Ngazidja Comorian: udjua
Cornish: godhvos (Kernewek Kemmyn)
Czech: vědět (cs)
Danish: vide (da)
Emilian: savêr
Faroese: vita (fo)
Finnish: tietää (fi)
French: savoir (fr), être au courant (fr), connaître (fr)
Old French: savoir, saveir
Georgian: ცოდნა (ka) (codna)
German: wissen (de)
Hungarian: tud (hu), ért (hu), jártas (hu), járatos (hu)
Irish: a fhios a bheith agat, is eol do, eolas a bheith ag
Italian: sapere (it)
Latin: scio (la), intelligo (la), video (la), nosco (la), scisco
Latvian: zināt (lv)
Norman: saver
Norwegian: vite (no)
Old English: witan
Persian: دانستن (fa) (dânestan)
Polish: wiedzieć (pl) impf
Portuguese: saber (pt), aperceber-se
Russian: знать (ru) (znatʹ)
Scottish Gaelic: bi fhios aig
Serbo-Croatian: znȁti (sh)
Slovene: spoznati (sl)
Sorbian:
Lower Sorbian: wěźeś

Upper Sorbian: wědźeć
Spanish: estar informado
Swedish: känna till (sv), veta om, veta (sv)
Tagalog: alam (tl)
Tok Pisin: save
Turkish: haberi olmak (tr)
Yiddish: וויסן (visn)
Zazaki: zan (diq)

experience

Bulgarian: преживявам (bg) (preživjavam), изпитвам (bg) (izpitvam)
Czech: poznat (cs)
Dutch: kennen (nl)
Finnish: kokea (fi), tuntea (fi)
French: connaître (fr)
Georgian: გამოცდა (gamocda), გადატანა (gadaṭana)
Hungarian: tapasztal (hu), megtapasztal (hu), megél (hu), átél (hu), átmegy (hu), keresztülmegy (hu)
Latin: sentio (la), experio, experior
Lithuanian: patirti
Norman: connaître
Portuguese: conhecer (pt), vivenciar (pt), experimentar (pt)
Russian: пережива́ть (ru) impf (pereživátʹ) (rare in this context), пережи́ть (ru) pf (perežítʹ), познава́ть (ru) impf (poznavátʹ), позна́ть (ru) pf (poznátʹ), испыты́вать (ru) impf (ispytývatʹ), испыта́ть (ru) pf (ispytátʹ)
Tok Pisin: save
Volapük: plak (vo)
Zazaki: zanaye

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

Aromanian: ^{(please verify)} cunoscu
Bislama: ^{(please verify)} save
Chinese:
Mandarin: ^{(please verify)} 知道 (zh) (to know something), ^{(please verify)} 認識 / 认识 (zh), ^{(please verify)} 认识 (zh) (to know a person)
Guarani:
Paraguayan Guarani: ^{(please verify)} kuaa
Indonesian: ^{(please verify)} tahu (id), ^{(please verify)} mengetahui (id), ^{(please verify)} kenal (id)
Interlingua: ^{(please verify)} saper (ia), ^{(please verify)} cognoscer (ia), ^{(please verify)} recognoscer
Japanese: ^{(please verify)} 知る (ja) (しる, shiru), ^{(please verify)} 知っている (しっている, shitte iru)
Manchu: ^{(please verify)} ulhimbi
Rohingya: ^{(please verify)} zano
Romani: ^{(please verify)} zhanel
Romanian: ^{(please verify)} cunoaște (ro)
Telugu: ^{(please verify)} తెలుసుకొను (te) (telusukonu)
Volapük: ^{(please verify)} sevön (vo)
Woiwurrung: ^{(please verify)} ngarr-gi

Noun

know (uncountable)

(rare) Knowledge; the state of knowing.
- c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene ii], page 259, column 2:
  That on the view and know of theſe Contents, […] He ſhould the bearers put to […] death, […]
Knowledge; the state of knowing. (Now confined to the fixed phrase in the know.)

Derived terms

in the know

References

William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin Eli Smith, editors (1895–1910), “know”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
“know”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

Etymology 2

Noun

know (plural knows)

Alternative form of knowe (“hill, knoll”).
- 1868, History of the Berwickshire Naturalists' Club, volumes 4-5, page 223:
  Owing to increasing numbers and consequent want of room for nestage, the old birds drove away the younger ones, who took refuge in their present abode at Fox's Know, where they have been located about six years.

Etymology 3

Shortening of you know (sense 4)—Singapore English favours pro-drop constructions (Wee, 2003).

Pronunciation

(Singapore) IPA^(key): /noʊ/, (sincere) [noː˨˦], (emphatic) [ˈno(˧˨)]

Particle

know

(Singlish) Used at the end of a sentence to draw attention to information one thinks the listener should keep in mind.
Make sure you water the plants, know…

I was a naval diver know!
- 2011, James Khoo, directed by James Khoo, Hentak Kaki‎^[6] (short film), spoken by Staff Sergeant (NS) Rajendran (P. Muruganandan / Richard Muru):
  Are you sure they’re gonna give you someting more kilat? I think ah, they put you here to hentak kaki, know!
- 2013, Pablo Tan, “Gang Clash” (00:05:25 from the start), in Crimewatch, season 27, episode 3, spoken by Ah Chye, Ang Bock Huat (Charlie Goh, Tristan Goh), via Channel 5 (Mediacorp):
  Ah Chye (Charlie Goh): Eh hello, this is my territory know?
  Ang Bock Huat (Tristan Goh): Your territory? You think Scorpion very strong is it?
(Singlish) Synonym of you know (used as a conversational discourse marker, to emphasize something)

Usage notes

Cannot be used in conjunction with other sentence-final discourse particles.

References

Wee, Lionel (2003), “The birth of a particle: know in Colloquial Singapore English”, in World Englishes, volume 22, number 1, →DOI, pages 5–13

Anagrams

Kwon, wonk

Cornish

Etymology

From Proto-Brythonic *know, from Proto-Celtic *knūs.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [knoʊ]

Noun

know (collective, singulative knowen f)

nuts

Derived terms

know Brasil (“Brazil nuts”)
know dor (“peanuts, monkey nuts”)
know fow (“beech nut”)
know Frynk (“walnuts”)
know koko (“coconuts”)
know koll (“hazelnuts, cobnuts”)
know muskat (“nutmeg”)
know pin (“pine nut”)
know toos (“doughnut”)
plisk know (“nutshells”)
pysknow (“peanuts, monkey nuts”)

Mutation

Mutation of *know*
radical	soft	aspirate	hard	mixed
know	gnow	unchanged	unchanged	unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Cornish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Middle English

Noun

know

alternative form of kne

Yola

Verb

know

alternative form of knouth
- 1867, “GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY“, page 44:
  Doost thou know fidi is a hamaron?
  Do you know where is the horse-collar?

References

Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828), William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 44

Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=know&oldid=94586330"

Categories:

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GeezerVison

English

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Alternative forms

Verb

Usage notes

Conjugation

Quotations

Synonyms

Hyponyms

Derived terms

Translations

Noun

Derived terms

References

Etymology 2

Noun

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

Particle

Usage notes

See also

References

Anagrams

Cornish

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

Mutation

Middle English

Noun

Yola

Verb

References