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See also: løver and Lover

English

Etymology 1

From Middle English lovere, luffer, lufere, equivalent to love +‎ -er.

Alternative forms

lovyer (dialectal or obsolete)

Pronunciation

(General American) IPA^(key): /ˈlʌvɚ/
(Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈlʌvə/
Audio (US): (file)
Hyphenation: lov‧er
Rhymes: -ʌvə(ɹ)

Noun

lover (plural lovers)

One who loves and cares for another person in a romantic way; a sweetheart, love, soulmate, boyfriend, girlfriend, or spouse.
Synonyms: love, love interest, spouse, sweetheart, significant other; see also Thesaurus:lover
- c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene vi], page 170, column 2:
  […] loue is blinde, and louers cannot ſee / The pretty follies that themſelues commit, […]
- 1976, Joni Mitchell, “Song For Sharon”, in Hejira:
  Well there's a wide wide world of noble causes / And lovely landscapes to discover / But all I really want to do right now / Is find another lover
- 1980, Shalamar, “This Is For The Lover In You”, in Three For Love:
  This is for the lover in you (take this ring) / This ring (It means I'll always be true) / This is (how we'll start love anew) This time (were gonna last forever)
- 2013 March 11, Adam Markovitz, “Matt Damon on (maybe) returning to ‘Bourne’ and playing Liberace’s lover”, in CNN‎^[1], Atlanta, Ga.: Warner Bros. Discovery, archived from the original on 5 December 2022:
  When HBO airs “Behind the Candelabra” on May 26, the world will get to see Matt Damon play Liberace’s drug-addled, surgically enhanced lover – a role about as far from Jason Bourne as it gets.
- 2014 September 23, Elle King, Dave Bassett, “Ex's & Oh's”, in Love Stuff‎^[2], performed by Elle King:
  Now, there's one in California who's been cursing my name / 'Cause I found me a better lover in the UK, hey, hey / Until I made my getaway
- 2016, David Boulter, Stuart A. Staples, “Like Only Lovers Can”, in The Waiting Room, performed by Tindersticks:
  We can only hurt each other the way that lovers can / So where do we go, where do we hide now?
A sexual partner, especially one with whom someone is having an affair.
Synonyms: see Thesaurus:sexual partner
- 2006, Peifer Yann, Reuter Manuel, “Bad Boy”, in Everytime^[sic] We Touch, performed by Cascada, →OCLC:
  Be my bad boy, be my man / Be my weekend lover, but don't be my friend / You can be my bad boy, but understand / That I don't need you in my life again
- 2018 January 17, "Libra Woman: Personality Traits: Love & More", Astrology.com [3]
  A Libra woman seems to always be in love - either with her long term partner or with an ever-changing series of rotating lovers.
- 2020 April 3, Chappell Roan, Dan Nigro, “Pink Pony Club”‎^[4]performed by Chappell Roan:
  I'm up and jaws are on the floor
  Lovers in the bathroom and a line outside the door
A person who loves something.
Synonym: connoisseur

a lover of fine wines

a lover of his/her own country
- 1888–1891, Herman Melville, “[Billy Budd, Foretopman.] Chapter XVIII.”, in Billy Budd and Other Stories, London: John Lehmann, published 1951, →OCLC, page 279:
  But though a conscientious disciplinarian he was no lover of authority for mere authority's sake.
- 2025 April 20, Sandee LaMotte, “Marijuana hospital visits linked to dementia diagnosis within 5 years, study finds”, in CNN‎^[5], Atlanta, Ga.: Warner Bros. Discovery, archived from the original on 26 July 2026:
  Sunday is 420 day, when lovers of marijuana get together to celebrate their fondness for weed.
(West Country, with "my") An informal term of address for any friend.
All right, my lover?

Usage notes

In the 1980s and 1990s, the term lover was commonly used for a long-term committed romantic partner, particularly in the LGBTQ+ community. Subsequently, this usage has become less common, usually in favor of the term partner.

Derived terms

Compound words and expressions

Descendants

→ German: Lover

Translations

one who loves another person

Ahom: 𑜀𑜦𑜡 𑜍𑜀𑜫 (kō rak)
Altai:
Southern Altai: ойнош (oynoš)
Alviri-Vidari: عاشوق (āššuq)
Arabic: عَاشِق m (ʕāšiq), عَاشِقَة f (ʕāšiqa), مُحِبّ m (muḥibb), مُحِبَّة f (muḥibba), عَشِيق (ʕašīq)
Armenian: սիրահար (hy) (sirahar)
Azerbaijani: aşiq (az)
Bashkir: ғашиҡ (ğaşiq)
Belarusian: палюбо́ўнік m (paljubównik), палюбо́ўніца f (paljubównica), каха́нак m (kaxának), каха́нка f (kaxánka)
Bengali: প্রেমিক (bn) (premik), প্রেমিকা (bn) f (premika)
Bulgarian: любо́вник (bg) m (ljubóvnik), любо́вница (bg) f (ljubóvnica)
Catalan: amant (ca) m or f
Cebuano: uyab
Chinese:
Cantonese: 戀人 / 恋人 (lyun² jan⁴), 情人 (cing⁴ jan⁴), 愛人 / 爱人 (oi³ jan⁴)

Mandarin: 戀人 / 恋人 (zh) (liànrén), 情人 (zh) (qíngrén), 愛人 / 爱人 (zh) (àiren)
Crimean Tatar: sevgili, (northern dialect) süygili
Czech: milenec (cs) m, milenka (cs) f
Danish: elsker c, elskerinde c
Dutch: minnaar (nl) m, minnares (nl) f
Esperanto: amanto, amantino
Faroese: sjeikur m, unnusta f
Finnish: rakastaja (fi), rakas (fi)
French: amoureux (fr) m, amoureuse (fr) f
Galician: amador m, amante (gl) m or f
Georgian: შეყვარებული (šeq̇varebuli)
German: Geliebter (de) m, Geliebte (de) f, Liebender (de) m, Liebende (de) f
Greek: εραστής (el) m (erastís), ερωμένη (el) f (eroméni)
Ancient Greek: ἐραστής m (erastḗs)
Gujarati: આશક m (āśak), પ્રેમી m (premī), વલ્લભ m (vallabh), પ્રેમિકા f (premikā), માશૂક m (māśūk), પ્રિયા f (priyā)
Hebrew: אָהוּב m (ahúv), מְאַהֵב (he) m (m'ahév)
Hindi: प्रेमी (hi) m (premī), प्रेमिका (hi) f (premikā), प्रणयी (hi) m (praṇyī)
Hungarian: szerelem (hu) (only with possessive suffixes in this sense), kedves (hu), pár (hu)
Icelandic: ástmaður m, ástkona f
Indonesian: kekasih (id)
Irish: leannán m
Italian: amante (it) m or f
Japanese: 恋人 (ja) (こいびと, koibito), 愛人 (ja) (あいじん, aijin)
Kavalan: qnangil
Kazakh: ашына (ašına), ғашық (ğašıq) (poetic)
Korean: 연인(戀人) (ko) (yeonin), 련인(戀人) (ryeonin) (North Korea), 애인(愛人) (ko) (aein)
Kyrgyz: ойнош (oynoş), ашык (ky) (aşık) (poetic)
Latin: amātor (la) m, amātrix (la) f, amāns (la) m or f
Macedonian: љубовник m (ljubovnik), љубовница f (ljubovnica)
Malay: kekasih
Malayalam: കാമുകൻ (ml) m (kāmukaṉ)
Māori: whakaaweawe, kairoro, ipo, tahu, tau (mi), tau o te ate, makai, whaiāipo
Marathi: प्रियकर m (priyakar), प्रेयसी f (preyasī)
Middle English: lovere
Mongolian:
Cyrillic: амраг (mn) (amrag)

Mongolian script: ᠠᠮᠠᠷᠠᠭ (amaraɣ)
Norwegian:
Bokmål: elsker (no) m (male), elskerinne m or f (female)

Nynorsk: elskar m (male), elskarinne f (female)
Occitan:
Old Occitan: amador m
Old Church Slavonic:
Cyrillic: люблѥникъ m (ljubljenikŭ)
Old English: lufiend m
Persian:
Iranian Persian: عاشِق (âšeġ), دوسْتْدار (dustdâr), خاطِرْخواه (xâterxâh), دِلْدادِه (deldâde)
Polish: ukochany (pl) m, ukochana (pl) f
Portuguese: amante (pt) m or f
Rade: ƀing khăp, pô khăp, mnuih khăp
Romanian: iubit (ro) m, iubită (ro) f, amant (ro) m, amantă (ro) f
Russian: любо́вник (ru) m (ljubóvnik), любо́вница (ru) f (ljubóvnica), возлю́бленный (ru) m (vozljúblennyj), возлю́бленная (ru) f (vozljúblennaja), влюблённый (ru) m (vljubljónnyj), влюблённая f (vljubljónnaja) (enamoured)
Scottish Gaelic: leannan m, gràdh (gd) m, cuspair m
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: љу́ба̄внӣк m, љу́ба̄вница f, швалер m, швалерка f

Latin: ljúbāvnīk (sh) m, ljúbāvnica (sh) f, švaler (sh) m, švalerka (sh) f
Slovak: milenec m, milenka (sk) f
Slovene: ljubimec (sl) m
Spanish: amante (es) m or f, enamorado (es) m, enamorada (es) f, amasio (es) m, querindongo m (despective), jaño m, querendón (es) m
Swahili: mpenzi (sw)
Swedish: älskare (sv) m, älskarinna (sv) f, älskande (sv) c
Tajik: ошиқ (ošiq)
Tatar: гашыйк (tt) (ğaşıyq)
Telugu: ప్రియుడు (te) (priyuḍu) (male), ప్రియురాలు (te) (priyurālu) (female)
Thai: คู่รัก (th) (kûu-rák), คนรัก (kon-rák)
Tok Pisin: pren
Turkish: sevgili (tr), âşık (tr)
Ottoman Turkish: عاشق (’âşık)
Turkmen: aşyk (tk)
Ukrainian: коха́нок (uk) m (koxánok), коха́нець (uk) m (koxánecʹ), коха́нка (uk) f (koxánka)
Urdu: عاشِق (ur) m ('āśiq), عاشِقَہ f ('āśiqa)
Uyghur: يار (yar), ئاشىق (ashiq)
Uzbek: oshiq (uz)
Vietnamese: người yêu (vi) (𠊛𢞅)
Welsh: cariad (cy) m or f
Woiwurrung: ngan.grung
Yiddish: קאָכאַניק m (kokhanik), קאָכאַנקע f (kokhanke), קאָכאַנטשיק m (kokhantshik), געליבטער m (gelibter), געליבטע f (gelibte), ליובאָווניק m (lyubovnik), ליובאָווניצע f (lyubovnitse)
Yup'ik: kenkesteka

sexual partner

Albanian: dashnor (sq) m, dashnore (sq) f
Altai:
Southern Altai: ойнош (oynoš)
Arabic: عَاشِق m (ʕāšiq), عَاشِقَة f (ʕāšiqa), مُحِبّ m (muḥibb), مُحِبَّة f (muḥibba), عَشِيق (ʕašīq)
Armenian: սիրած (hy) (sirac), սիրեկան (hy) (sirekan) (male), սիրուհի (hy) (siruhi) (female)
Azerbaijani: oynaş, məşuqə (female)
Bashkir: ғашиҡ (ğaşiq)
Belarusian: палюбо́ўнік m (paljubównik), палюбо́ўніца f (paljubównica), каха́нак m (kaxának), каха́нка f (kaxánka)
Bengali: আশেক (bn) (aśek), প্রেমিক (bn) (premik), প্রেমিকা (bn) (premika) (female)
Bulgarian: любо́вник (bg) m (ljubóvnik), любо́вница (bg) f (ljubóvnica)
Burmese: သယောက် (my) (sa.yauk) (of a woman), လင်ငယ် (my) (langngai) (of a married woman)
Catalan: amant (ca) m or f, amistançat (ca) m
Chinese:
Cantonese: 情人 (cing⁴ jan⁴)

Mandarin: 情人 (zh) (qíngrén)
Czech: milenec (cs) m, milenka (cs) f
Danish: elsker c, elskerinde c
Dutch: minnaar (nl) m, minnares (nl) f
Esperanto: amanto, amantino, amdonanto, amdonantino
Estonian: armuke, armastaja
Finnish: rakastaja (fi)
French: amant (fr) m, amante (fr) f
Galician: amante (gl) m or f, amigo (gl) m, querido (gl) m
Georgian: საყვარელი (saq̇vareli) (female)
German: Liebhaber (de) m, Liebhaberin (de) f
Greek: εραστής (el) m (erastís), ερωμένη (el) f (eroméni), αγαπητικός (el) m (agapitikós), αγαπητικιά (el) (agapitikiá)
Ancient Greek: ἐραστής m (erastḗs)
Hindi: प्रेमिक (hi) m (premik), प्रेमिका (hi) f (premikā), प्रेमी (hi) (premī)
Hungarian: szerető (hu)
Icelandic: ástmaður m, ástkona f
Italian: amante (it) m or f
Japanese: 愛人 (ja) (あいじん, aijin), 情婦 (ja) (じょうふ, jōfu) (female)
Korean: 애인(愛人) (ko) (aein), 정부(情婦) (ko) (jeongbu) (female)
Kyrgyz: ойнош (oynoş)
Latin: amāns (la), amator (la) m, amātrix (la) f
Latvian: mīļākais m, mīlētājs m, mīlētāja f
Lithuanian: meilužis (lt) m, meilužė (lt) f
Macedonian: љубовник m (ljubovnik), љубовница f (ljubovnica), швалер m (švaler), швалерка f (švalerka)
Malayalam: കാമുകൻ (ml) m (kāmukaṉ)
Middle English: lovere
Mongolian:
Cyrillic: амраг (mn) (amrag)

Mongolian script: ᠠᠮᠠᠷᠠᠭ (amaraɣ)
Norwegian:
Bokmål: elsker (no) m (male), elskerinne m or f (female)
Persian:
Iranian Persian: عاشِق (âšeġ), مَعْشوقِه (ma'šuġe) (female)
Polish: amant (pl) m, amantka f, kochanek (pl) m, kochanka (pl) f, kochanica f, gach (pl) m
Portuguese: amante (pt) m or f
Romanian: amant (ro) m, amantă (ro) f, ibovnic (ro) m (popular), ibovnică (ro) f (popular)
Russian: любо́вник (ru) m (ljubóvnik), любо́вница (ru) f (ljubóvnica)
Sanskrit: कामुक (sa) m (kāmuka)
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: љу́ба̄внӣк m, љу́ба̄вница f

Latin: ljúbāvnīk (sh) m, ljúbāvnica (sh) f
Slovak: milenec m, milenka (sk) f
Slovene: ljubimec (sl) m, ljubimka f, ljubček m, ljubica f
Spanish: amante (es) m or f
Swahili: mpenzi (sw)
Swedish: älskare (sv) c, älskarinna (sv) c
Tajik: ошиқ (ošiq), маъшуқа (ma'šuqa) (female)
Tatar: гашыйк (tt) (ğaşıyq)
Turkish: oynaş (tr), âşık (tr), sevgili (tr), yar (tr), manita (tr) (slang)
Ukrainian: коха́нок (uk) m (koxánok), коха́нець (uk) m (koxánecʹ), коха́нка (uk) f (koxánka)
Urdu: آشْنا (ur) m or f (āśnā), عاشِق (ur) m ('āśiq), عاشِقَہ f ('āśiqa), مَعْشُوق (ur) m (ma'śūq), مَعْشُوقَہ f (ma'śūqa)
Uzbek: oʻynash (uz), jazman (uz), maʼshuqa (uz) (female)
Vietnamese: người tình bạn tình (𠊛𢞅)
Yiddish: קאָכאַניק m (kokhanik), קאָכאַנקע f (kokhanke), קאָכאַנטשיק m (kokhantshik), געליבטער m (gelibter), געליבטע f (gelibte), ליובאָווניק m (lyubovnik), ליובאָווניצע f (lyubovnitse)

person who loves something

Altai:
Southern Altai: сӱӱчи (süüči)
Arabic: مُغْرَم m (muḡram)
Armenian: սիրահար (hy) (sirahar)
Asturian: amante m or f
Belarusian: любі́цель m (ljubícjelʹ), любі́целька f (ljubícjelʹka), любі́цельніца f (ljubícjelʹnica)
Bulgarian: люби́тел (bg) m (ljubítel), люби́телка f (ljubítelka)
Catalan: amant (ca) m or f
Chinese:
Cantonese: 愛好者 / 爱好者 (oi³ hou³ ze²)

Mandarin: 愛好者 / 爱好者 (zh) (àihàozhě)
Czech: milovník (cs) m, milovnice (cs) f
Finnish: rakastaja (fi)
French: amateur (fr) m, amatrice (fr) f
Galician: amante (gl) m or f, amador m
Georgian: მოყვარული (moq̇varuli)
German: Kenner (de) m, Kennerin (de) f, -freund m, -freundin f, -liebhaber m, -liebhaberin f
Greek: λάτρης (el) m or f (látris), θαυμαστής (el) m (thavmastís), θαυμάστρια (el) f (thavmástria)
Hungarian: rajongó (hu), kedvelő (hu), barát (hu)
Italian: amante (it) m or f
Japanese: 愛好家 (ja) (あいこうか, aikōka)
Korean: 애호자(愛好者) (aehoja), 애호가(愛好家) (ko) (aehoga)
Kyrgyz: сүйүүчү (ky) (süyüücü)
Latvian: mīļotājs m, mīļotāja f
Macedonian: љубител m (ljubitel), љубителка f (ljubitelka)
Malayalam: പ്രിയൻ (ml) m (priyaṉ)
Middle English: lovere
Norwegian:
Bokmål: elsker (no) m
Persian:
Iranian Persian: عاشِق (âšeġ)
Polish: amator (pl) m, amatorka (pl) f, miłośnik (pl) m, miłośniczka (pl) f
Portuguese: amante (pt) m or f
Romanian: om iubitor m, persoană iubitoare f, fan (ro) m
Russian: люби́тель (ru) m (ljubítelʹ), люби́тельница (ru) f (ljubítelʹnica)
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: љу̀битељ m, љубитѐљица f

Latin: ljùbitelj (sh) m, ljubitèljica (sh) f
Slovak: milovník m, milovníčka f
Slovene: ljubitelj (sl) m, ljubiteljica f
Spanish: amante (es) m or f
Swahili: mpenzi (sw)
Telugu: ప్రేమికుడు (te) (prēmikuḍu) (male), ప్రేమికురాలు (prēmikurālu) (female)
Ukrainian: люби́тель m (ljubýtelʹ), люби́телька f (ljubýtelʹka)

Etymology 2

Noun

lover (plural lovers)

Obsolete form of louver.

Anagrams

Vlorë

Dutch

Alternative forms

loover (obsolete)

Etymology

From Middle Dutch lover, originally the plural of loof. As with other words with plurals in -er, eventually this was substituted with -eren, creating loveren. This new plural was then reanalysed as a separate noun and a new singular form lover was back-formed from it.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈloː.vər/
Audio: (file)
Hyphenation: lo‧ver
Rhymes: -oːvər

Noun

lover n (plural lovers, diminutive lovertje n)

foliage
Synonyms: gebladerte, lommer

Derived terms

lovertje (“sequin”)

Anagrams

vloer

French

Etymology

A 17th century borrowing from North Sea Germanic language verb "lofen, lufen". The 1986 Dictionnaire de l'Académie française identifies the source as Low German (Dutch Low Saxon or German Low German); Jan de Vries' Nederlands Etymologisch Woordenboek (which identifies it as a possible cognate of Dutch leuver) suggests East Frisian instead.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /lɔ.ve/
Audio (France (Vosges)): (file)
Audio (France (Somain)): (file)

Verb

lover

to coil (a rope or cord), to fake a line
(reflexive) to coil up, wind up; to curl up
- 2019, Alain Damasio, chapter 2, in Les furtifs [The Stealthies], La Volte, →ISBN:
  Happant du linge et courbant le matelas, j’y ai rapidement fait mon nid et je me suis lové en boule à l’intérieur.
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
(reflexive) to snuggle up to, to snuggle up against

Conjugation

Conjugation of lover (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	compound	avoir + past participle
infinitive	simple	lover
present participle or gerund¹	simple	lovant /lɔ.vɑ̃/
present participle or gerund¹	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		lové /lɔ.ve/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	love /lɔv/	loves /lɔv/	love /lɔv/	lovons /lɔ.vɔ̃/	lovez /lɔ.ve/	lovent /lɔv/
	imperfect	lovais /lɔ.vɛ/	lovais /lɔ.vɛ/	lovait /lɔ.vɛ/	lovions /lɔ.vjɔ̃/	loviez /lɔ.vje/	lovaient /lɔ.vɛ/
	past historic²	lovai /lɔ.ve/	lovas /lɔ.va/	lova /lɔ.va/	lovâmes /lɔ.vam/	lovâtes /lɔ.vat/	lovèrent /lɔ.vɛʁ/
	future	loverai /lɔ.vʁe/	loveras /lɔ.vʁa/	lovera /lɔ.vʁa/	loverons /lɔ.vʁɔ̃/	loverez /lɔ.vʁe/	loveront /lɔ.vʁɔ̃/
	conditional	loverais /lɔ.vʁɛ/	loverais /lɔ.vʁɛ/	loverait /lɔ.vʁɛ/	loverions /lɔ.və.ʁjɔ̃/	loveriez /lɔ.və.ʁje/	loveraient /lɔ.vʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior²	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	love /lɔv/	loves /lɔv/	love /lɔv/	lovions /lɔ.vjɔ̃/	loviez /lɔ.vje/	lovent /lɔv/
(simple tenses)	imperfect²	lovasse /lɔ.vas/	lovasses /lɔ.vas/	lovât /lɔ.va/	lovassions /lɔ.va.sjɔ̃/	lovassiez /lɔ.va.sje/	lovassent /lɔ.vas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
(compound tenses)	pluperfect²	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	~~nous~~	~~vous~~	–
simple		—	love /lɔv/	—	lovons /lɔ.vɔ̃/	lovez /lɔ.ve/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
¹ The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
² In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Anagrams

voler

Middle English

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Old French lovier, lover, from Medieval Latin *lōdārium (attested as lōvārium), extension of lōdium, of unclear origin.

Alternative forms

lovere, lowere, lovyre

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /luˈveːr/, /ˈluvər/, /loːˈveːr/, /ˈloːvər/

Noun

lover (plural lovers)

louver (type of turret)

Descendants

English: louver, louvre, luffer
Middle Scots: lewar

References

“lǒver(e, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

Etymology 2

Noun

lover

alternative form of lovere (“friend, lover”)

Norwegian Bokmål

Noun

lover m pl

indefinite masculine plural of lov

Verb

lover

present tense of love

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

Alternative forms

lovar m pl

Noun

lover f pl

indefinite feminine plural of lov

Etymology 2

Verb

lover

present of lova

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Dutch

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French

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Middle English

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Noun

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Noun

Norwegian Bokmål

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