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English
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Middle English parfourmaunce; equivalent to perform + -ance.[1]
Pronunciation
- enPR: pər-fôrʹ-məns
- Hyphenation: per‧for‧mance
Noun
performance (countable and uncountable, plural performances)
- The act of performing; carrying into execution or action; execution; achievement; accomplishment; representation by action.
the performance of an undertaking or a duty Though the result wasn't what we were hoping for, I have to commend the performance of the team, never giving up until the end.
1959, Georgette Heyer, chapter 1, in The Unknown Ajax, London; Melbourne, Vic.: William Heinemann, →OCLC:Charles had not been employed above six months at Darracott Place, but he was not such a whopstraw as to make the least noise in the performance of his duties when his lordship was out of humour.
1960 February, R. C. Riley, “The London-Birmingham services - Past, Present and Future”, in Trains Illustrated, page 98:The outstanding train on the L.M.S. route was the 6.20 p.m. from Birmingham, which reached Euston in two hours after intermediate stops at Coventry, Rugby and Watford Junction, and evoked some sparkling performances from "Patriot" and "Jubilee" 4-6-0s.
- That which is performed or accomplished; a thing done or carried through; an achievement; a deed; an act; a feat; especially, an action of an elaborate or public character.
- (art) A live show or concert.
The band played a mix of old and new songs during their 90-minute performance. We saw the whole ballet performance from the front row.
- The amount of useful work accomplished estimated in terms of time needed, resources used, etc.
Better performance means more work accomplished in shorter time and/or using fewer resources.
- (linguistics) The actual use of language in concrete situations by native speakers of a language, as opposed to the system of linguistic knowledge they possess (competence), cf. linguistic performance.
Hyponyms
Hyponyms of performance (arts) Derived terms
Related terms
Collocations
Collocations
- Adjectives often applied to "performance": high, poor, improved, superior, excellent, good, peak, top, optimal, low, economic, academic, financial, musical, human, environmental, vocal, cognitive, dynamic, organizational, historical, physical, social, mechanical, electrical, mental, macroeconomic.
Descendants
Translations
the act of performing; carrying into execution or action; accomplishment
- Albanian: performancë
- Arabic: أَدَاء m (ʔadāʔ)
- Belarusian: выкана́нне n (vykanánnje), выпаўне́нне n (vypawnjénnje)
- Bulgarian: изпълне́ние (bg) n (izpălnénie), извъ́ршване (bg) n (izvắršvane)
- Catalan: actuació (ca) f, execució (ca) f
- Czech: výkon (cs) m, provedení (cs) n, vykonání n
- Dutch: uitvoering (nl)
- Esperanto: prezentado
- Finnish: suoritus (fi)
- French: exécution (fr) f, performance (fr) f
- Georgian: შესრულება (šesruleba), სისრულეში მოყვანა (sisruleši moq̇vana), განხორციელება (ganxorcieleba), მოქმედება (mokmedeba), აღსრულება (aɣsruleba)
- German: Durchführung (de) f, Leistung (de) f
- Greek: εκτέλεση (el) f (ektélesi), εκπλήρωση (el) f (ekplírosi) (of an obligation or duty), επίδοση (el) f (epídosi) (of an athlete, performer, etc.)
- Hindi: निष्पादन (hi) m (niṣpādan)
- Hungarian: teljesítés (hu), elvégzés (hu), véghez vitel
- Italian: esecuzione (it) f, prestazione (it) f
- Latin: functiō f, exsecūtiō f
- Macedonian: учинок m (učinok)
- Polish: wykonanie (pl) n
- Portuguese: desempenho (pt)
- Romanian: performanță (ro) f, randament (ro) n, îndeplinire (ro) f, desăvârșire (ro) f
- Russian: выполне́ние (ru) n (vypolnénije), исполне́ние (ru) n (ispolnénije)
- Spanish: actuación (es) f, cumplimiento (es) m, ejecución (es) f, desempeño (es) m, efectuación f, realización (es) f
- Swedish: utförande (sv), verkställande (sv)
- Turkish: performans (tr)
- Ukrainian: викона́ння (uk) n (vykonánnja)
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that which is performed or accomplished
- Bulgarian: де́йствие (bg) n (déjstvie), постъ́пка (bg) f (postắpka)
- Catalan: realització (ca) f, execució (ca) f
- Czech: výkon (cs) m
- Danish: præstation c
- Finnish: suoritus (fi), saavutus (fi)
- French: exécution (fr) f, performance (fr) f
- German: Leistung (de) f
- Greek: απόδοση (el) (apódosi)
- Hungarian: teljesítmény (hu), (informal) nagy dolog
- Indonesian: kinerja (id), performa (id), unjuk kerja (id)
- Italian: prestazione (it) f, rendimento (it) m
- Malay: persembahan
- Norwegian: prestasjon m
- Portuguese: desempenho (pt)
- Romanian: realizare (ro) f, realizări f pl, performanță (ro) f, prestație (ro) f
- Russian: де́йствие (ru) n (déjstvije), посту́пок (ru) m (postúpok)
- Spanish: realización (es) f, ejecución (es) f, rendimiento (es) m, desempeño (es), efectuación f, rendición (es) f
- Swedish: prestation (sv) c
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live show or concert — see also show, act
- Albanian: performancë
- Arabic: مَسْرَحِيَّة f (masraḥiyya)
- Armenian: ներկայացում (hy) (nerkayacʻum)
- Belarusian: прадстаўле́нне n (pradstawljénnje), выступле́нне n (vystupljénnje), спекта́кль m (spjektáklʹ), спэкта́кль m (spektáklʹ)
- Bulgarian: представле́ние (bg) n (predstavlénie), спекта́къл (bg) m (spektákăl)
- Catalan: representació (ca) f, actuació (ca) f, espectacle (ca) m
- Chinese:
- Mandarin: 表演 (zh) (biǎoyǎn)
- Czech: představení (cs) n, vystoupení (cs) n
- Dutch: opvoering (nl) f
- Esperanto: prezentado
- Estonian: etendus
- Finnish: esitys (fi), esiintyminen (fi), näytäntö (fi), näytös (fi)
- French: représentation (fr) f, prestation (fr) f
- Georgian: შესრულება (šesruleba), წარმოდგენა (c̣armodgena), პერფორმანსი (ṗerpormansi) (colloquial)
- German: Aufführung (de) f, Auftritt (de) m, Performance (de) f
- Greek: παράσταση (el) f (parástasi)
- Ancient Greek: θέα f (théa)
- Hebrew: הַצָּגָה (he) f (hatsagá)
- Hungarian: előadás (hu)
- Indonesian: persembahan (id), penampilan (id)
- Italian: prestazione (it) f, esibizione (it) f
- Japanese: 演奏 (ja) (えんそう, ensō), 公演 (ja) (こうえん, kōen)
- Korean: 공연(公演) (ko) (gong'yeon), 연주(演奏) (ko) (yeonju)
- Macedonian: изведба (mk) f (izvedba), претстава f (pretstava), настап m (nastap)
- Malay: persembahan
- Norwegian: forestilling (no) m or f, opptreden m, fremføring m or f
- Persian:
- Iranian Persian: نَمایِش (namâyeš), اِجْرا (ejrâ), تَماشا (tamâšâ)
- Polish: występ (pl) m, przedstawienie (pl) n
- Portuguese: apresentação (pt) f
- Russian: выступле́ние (ru) n (vystuplénije), представле́ние (ru) n (predstavlénije), перфо́рманс (ru) m (perfórmans), спекта́кль (ru) m (spektáklʹ)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: на́ступ m
- Latin: nástup (sh) m
- Slovak: predstavenie n
- Spanish: actuación (es) f, número (es) m, espectáculo (es) m, representación (es) f, exhibición (es) f, performance f, performance m (United States)
- Swedish: uppträdande (sv) n, föreställning (sv), framträdande (sv) n
- Turkish: performans (tr)
- Ottoman Turkish: اویون (oyun)
- Ukrainian: ви́ступ m (výstup), виста́ва f (vystáva), спекта́кль m (spektáklʹ)
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amount of useful work accomplished
- Belarusian: прадукцы́йнасць f (pradukcýjnascʹ)
- Bulgarian: производи́телност (bg) f (proizvodítelnost)
- Catalan: rendiment (ca) m
- Czech: výkonnost f, výkon (cs) m
- Finnish: suorituskyky (fi)
- French: performance (fr) f
- Georgian: მწარმოებლურობა (mc̣armoebluroba), ქმედუნარიანობა (kmedunarianoba), მუშაობა (mušaoba), შესრულება (šesruleba), წარმადობა (c̣armadoba)
- German: Leistung (de) f, Arbeitsleistung f
- Greek: επίδοση (el) f (epídosi)
- Hungarian: teljesítmény (hu)
- Macedonian: перформанса f (performansa)
- Norwegian: ytelse (no)
- Polish: produktywność (pl) f
- Portuguese: desempenho (pt) m, performance (pt) f
- Russian: производи́тельность (ru) f (proizvodítelʹnostʹ), продукти́вность (ru) f (produktívnostʹ)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: перформа̀нса f
- Latin: performànsa (sh) f
- Spanish: rendimiento (es) m, desempeño (es) m, performance m (Latin America), performance f
- Swedish: prestanda (sv)
- Ukrainian: викона́ння (uk) n (vykonánnja), швидкоді́я f (švydkodíja), продукти́вність f (produktývnistʹ)
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Translations to be checked See also
References
- “performance”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
- performance in Keywords for Today: A 21st Century Vocabulary, edited by The Keywords Project, Colin MacCabe, Holly Yanacek, 2018.
- William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin Eli Smith, editors (1895–1910), “performance”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
Catalan
Etymology
Borrowed from English performance.
Pronunciation
Noun
performance f (plural performances)
- performance (a live show or concert)
References
Further reading
Dutch
Etymology
Unadapted borrowing from English performance.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /pərˈfɔːrməns/
- Hyphenation: per‧for‧mance
Noun
performance f or m (plural performances, no diminutive)
- performance (act of performing)
- performance (that which is performed or accomplished)
- performance (live show)
De performance ‘I'm leaving this room’, waarbij Oenema, gezeten naast een overheadprojector, zingend haar knipsels liet zien, stond onder meer op het Crossing Border Festival en Noorderslag.- The performance ‘I'm leaving this room’, in which Oenema, seated next to an overhead projector, sang and showed her clippings, was performed at the Crossing Border Festival and Noorderslag, among others.
- performance (amount of useful work accomplished)
Om maar eens een understatement te gebruiken: het is niet mijn beste performance geweest in de afgelopen jaren.- To use an understatement: it was not my best performance in recent years.
French
Etymology
Borrowed from English performance.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /pɛʁ.fɔʁ.mɑ̃s/
- Rhymes: -ɑ̃s
- Hyphenation: per‧for‧mance
Noun
performance f (plural performances)
- (sports) performance
Descendants
Further reading
Italian
Etymology
Unadapted borrowing from English performance.
Pronunciation
Noun
performance f (invariable)
- performance
Synonyms
References
Further reading
- “performance”, in Vocabolario Treccani on line (in Italian), Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana, 2026
Portuguese
Alternative forms
Etymology
Unadapted borrowing from English performance.
Pronunciation
- Rhymes: -ɔʁmɐ̃si
- Hyphenation: per‧for‧man‧ce
Noun
performance f (plural performances)
- acting performance
- Synonyms: atuação, desempenho
- realization
- feat
- (art) performance (artistic manifestation based on staging that can combine dance, music, audiovisual media)
- (linguistics) performance (manifestation of a speaker's linguistic competence)
Further reading
Spanish
Etymology
Unadapted borrowing from English performance.
Pronunciation
Noun
performance m or f same meaning (plural performances)
- performance art
- performance (amount of useful work accomplished)
Usage notes
According to Royal Spanish Academy (RAE) prescriptions, unadapted foreign words should be written in italics in a text printed in roman type, and vice versa, and in quotation marks in a manuscript text or when italics are not available. In practice, this RAE prescription is not always followed.
Related terms
Further reading
- “performance”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), 24th edition, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 30 October 2026
- “performance”, in Diccionario de americanismos [Dictionary of Americanisms] (in Spanish), Association of Academies of the Spanish Language [Spanish: Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española], 2010
- “performance”, in Diccionario panhispánico de dudas [Pan-Hispanic Dictionary of Doubts] (in Spanish), 2nd edition, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española]; Association of Academies of the Spanish Language [Spanish: Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española], 2023, →ISBN
- Diccionario de anglicismos del español estadounidense
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