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English
Alternative forms
Etymology
Ancient Greek συν- (sun-) Ancient Greek κόπτω (kóptō) Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ English syncope Learned borrowing from Late Latin syncopē, from Ancient Greek συγκοπή (sunkopḗ), from συγκόπτω (sunkóptō, “cut up”) + -η (-ē, nominalization suffix), from σύν (sún, “beside, with”) + κόπτω (kóptō, “strike, cut off”). Partly continues the (near-)doublets syncopis and sincopin, both from the Old French sincopin (“faintness”) (itself from Late Latin accusative syncopen), with the pathological meaning "a loss of consciousness accompanied by a weak pulse", attested from the fifteenth century.
Usage in the form syncope, with the phonological meaning "contraction of a word by omission of middle sounds or letters" attested from the 1520s. Syncopis and sincopin were "re-Latinized" to the form syncope in English in the sixteenth century. The musical usage first occurs after the 1660s, following the musical usage of syncopation and syncopate.
Pronunciation
Noun
syncope (countable and uncountable, plural syncopes)
- (linguistics, phonology, prosody) The elision or loss of a sound from the interior of a word, especially of a vowel sound with loss of a syllable.
- Antonym: epenthesis
- Hypernym: metaplasm
- Hyponyms: contraction; haplology, haplogy
- Coordinate term: apocope
1910, Jakob Schipper, A History of English Versification[1]:[…] ; on the contrary, all syllables subject in the same way to elision, apocope, syncope, and slurring must have the same degree of stress (i.e. they must be alike unaccented) whether preceded by short or by long root-syllables.
- (biology, medicine) A loss of consciousness when fainting.
- Synonyms: swoon, faint, fainting, lipothymia
- Coordinate terms: near-syncope, presyncope, pre-syncope, pseudosyncope
1844, Edgar Allan Poe, The Premature Burial:Sometimes, without any apparent cause, I sank, little by little, into a condition of semi-syncope, or half swoon; and, in this condition, without pain, without ability to stir, or, strictly speaking, to think, but with a dull lethargic consciousness of life and of the presence of those who surrounded my bed, I remained, until the crisis of the disease restored me, suddenly, to perfect sensation.
1896, George M. Gould, Walter Lytle Pyle, Anomalies and Curiosities of Medicine[2]:Schneider, the father of rhinology, mentions a woman in whom the odor of orange-flowers produced syncope.
1973, Patrick O'Brian, HMS Surprise:[…] the rapidly-whitening face, the miserable fixed smile, meant a syncope within the next few bars.
- (music) A missed beat or off-beat stress in music resulting in syncopation.
1922, Christopher Morley, Where the Blue Begins[3]:She was a volatile creature, full of mischievous surprise: at their first music practice, after playing over some hymns on the pipe-organ, she burst into jazz, filling the quiet grove with the clamorous syncope of Paddy-Paws, a favourite song that summer.
Derived terms
Translations
loss of consciousness
- Arabic: إِغْمَاء m (ʔiḡmāʔ)
- Bulgarian: припадък (bg) m (pripadăk), синко́п m (sinkóp)
- Catalan: síncope (ca) f
- Chinese:
- Mandarin: 昏厥 (zh) (hūnjué), 暈厥 / 晕厥 (zh) (yūnjué)
- Czech: mdloba f, synkopa (cs) f
- Dutch: syncope (nl) f
- Finnish: pyörtyminen (fi), synkopee (fi)
- French: syncope (fr) f, pâmoison (fr) f
- Galician: trastavai m, testabau m, agavante m, dada m, desvano m
- German: Synkope (de) f, Ohnmacht (de) f
- Greek: λιποθυμία (el) f (lipothymía)
- Hebrew: עלפון m (ilafon)
- Hungarian: ájulás (hu), eszméletvesztés (hu), tudatvesztés
- Italian: sincope (it)
- Japanese: 気絶 (ja) (きぜつ, kizetsu)
- Latin: syncopē (la) f, languor m
- Occitan: sincòpi f, esvanida f, esvaniment m
- Persian: سنکوپ (fa) (sankup), غش (fa) (ġaš)
- Portuguese: síncope (pt) f
- Russian: о́бморок (ru) m (óbmorok), синко́па (ru) f (sinkópa)
- Scottish Gaelic: fannachadh m
- Spanish: síncope (es) m, soponcio (es) (colloquial)
- Turkish: bayılma (tr), senkop
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missed beat or off-beat stress Further reading
- “syncope”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
- William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin Eli Smith, editors (1895–1910), “syncope”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
Dutch
Etymology
Borrowed from Ancient Greek συγκοπή (sunkopḗ).
Pronunciation
Noun
syncope f (plural syncopes, diminutive syncopetje n)
- (linguistics, phonology, prosody) the loss or elision of a sound from the interior of a word (for example the change of Dutch veder in veer "feather"); syncope
- (pathology) a loss of consciousness when someone faints, a swoon; syncope
- (music) a missed beat or off-beat stress in music resulting in syncopation; syncope
French
Etymology
Borrowed from Ancient Greek συγκοπή (sunkopḗ).
Pronunciation
Noun
syncope f (plural syncopes)
- syncope, fainting
- (phonetics) syncope
- Antonyms: aphérèse, apocope, procope
- (music) syncope
Further reading
Portuguese
Noun
syncope f (plural syncopes)
- pre-reform spelling (used until 1943 in Brazil and 1911 in Portugal) of síncope
1925 January 1, “Teria se suicidado por haver o filho casado com uma geisha [Committed suicide because his son had married a geisha]”, in Correio da Manhã[4], volume XXIV, number 9296, Rio de Janeiro, page 1:A causa mortis official tem sido apresentada como uma syncope cardiaca, mas correm boatos de que o marquez se suicidou desgostoso com o casamento de seu filho com uma geisha.- The official cause of death has been presented as cardiac syncope, but there are rumors that the marquis committed suicide distasteful of his son’s marriage with a geisha.
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