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English

Etymology

From Middle English vntil, until, untill, ontil, ontill, perhaps representing a northern variant of Middle English unto (see Modern English unto). By surface analysis, un- (“against; toward; up to”) +‎ till.

Pronunciation

(UK, Canada) enPR: ŭn-tĭlʹ, ən-tĭlʹ IPA^(key): /ʌnˈtɪl/, /ənˈtɪl/, /ʊnˈtɪl/
(US) enPR: ŭn-tĭlʹ, ən-tĭlʹ IPA^(key): /ʌnˈtɪl/, /ənˈtɪl/
- (nonstandard) IPA^(key): /ɪnˈtɪl/
(Appalachians, also) enPR: ŭn-tĭlʹ IPA^(key): /ˈʌntəl/^[1]
Audio (US): (file)
Rhymes: -ɪl
Hyphenation: un‧til

Preposition

until

Up to the time of (something happening); pending.
If you can wait until after my meeting with her, we'll talk then.
- 2013 June 28, Joris Luyendijk, “Our banks are out of control”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 3, page 21:
  Seeing the British establishment struggle with the financial sector is like watching an alcoholic […]. Until 2008 there was denial over what finance had become. When a series of bank failures made this impossible, there was widespread anger, leading to the public humiliation of symbolic figures.
Up to (a certain place)
Keep walking until the second set of traffic lights, then turn left.
Before (a time).
- 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter I, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:
  I was about to say that I had known the Celebrity from the time he wore kilts. But I see I will have to amend that, because he was not a celebrity then, nor, indeed, did he achieve fame until some time after I left New York for the West.
- 2013 June 21, Chico Harlan, “Japan pockets the subsidy …”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 2, page 30:
  Across Japan, technology companies and private investors are racing to install devices that until recently they had little interest in: solar panels. Massive solar parks are popping up as part of a rapid build-up that one developer likened to an "explosion."
(obsolete) To; physically towards.
- 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book I, Canto XI”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 4:
  He rousd himselfe full blith, and hastned them untill.
(without an object) Up to the time that the foods or other things available to sell, or tasks which need to be completed, run out.
Bake sale on Saturday, 2pm until.
- 2018, Wilbert Funeral Home, Obituary for Peter James Smith (1937-2018):
  A celebration of his life will also be held at Pete's Tavern 16705 Florida Blvd on Saturday, March 3, 2018 from 2pm until and at TJ's Lounge 11585 Plank Road on Sunday, March 4, 2018 from 2pm until. He is survived by his children, […]
- 2020 August 5, Boutte BBQ (boutte_bbq), post on Instagram:
  Every Friday 2pm-until and Saturday 5pm-until[;] we are located inside the dollar general parking lot
- 2025 July 20, Gauchos Brazilian Steakhouse (gauchosbraziliansteakhouseusa), post on Instagram:
  Open Monday to Saturday 4pm – Until and Sunday 12pm - Until. We are conveniently located at: […]

Synonyms

till (less formal)
'til (less formal)
up to

Antonyms

since

Translations

up to the time of

Afrikaans: totdat (af), tot (af)
Albanian: deri (sq)
Amharic: እስከ (ʾəskä)
Arabic: حَتَّى (ar) (ḥattā)
Egyptian Arabic: لغاية (li-ḡāya)

Hijazi Arabic: إلين (ʔilēn)

Moroccan Arabic: حتى (ḥatta), تا (ta)

South Levantine Arabic: لحدّ (la-ḥadd), حتى (ḥatta), لـ (la-)
Asturian: hasta (ast), fasta, ata, ta (ast)
Bashkir: тиклем (tiklem), хәтлем (xätlem), ҡәҙәр (qäðär)
Basque: arte
Belarusian: да (da)
Bengali: অবধি (bn) (obodhi), পর্যন্ত (bn) (porjonto)
Bulgarian: до (bg) (do)
Burmese: အထိ (my) (a.hti.)
Catalan: fins (ca)
Cebuano: hangtod
Chinese:
Cantonese: 到 (dou³), 至 (zi³)

Mandarin: 直到 (zh) (zhídào), 直至 (zh) (zhízhì), 至 (zh) (zhì)
Comorian:
Ngazidja Comorian: hata mpaka
Czech: do (cs)
Danish: indtil
Dutch: totdat (nl), tot (nl)
Esperanto: ĝis (eo)
Estonian: kuni (et)
Fala: hasta
Finnish: saakka (fi), asti (fi), kunnes (fi)
French: jusque (fr), jusqu'à (fr)
Frisian:
West Frisian: oant
Galician: deica, endeica
Georgian: -მდე (-mde)
German: bis (de), bis zu, bis an
Greek: μέχρι (el) (méchri), ως (el) (os)
Ancient Greek: ἕως (héōs) (+ gen.), μέχρι (mékhri) (+ gen.), μέσφα (méspha) (+ gen.), ἄχρι (ákhri) (+ gen.)
Guarani:
Mbya Guarani: peve
Haitian Creole: jiska
Hebrew: עַד (he) (ad)
Hindi: ... तक (hi) (... tak), पर्यंत (paryant)
Hungarian: -ig (hu)
Icelandic: þangað til (is), fyrr en (is), uns (is), þar til (is)
Ido: til (io)
Ingrian: saa, nasse, nas, nast, asse, ast, as
Irish: go dtí
Old Irish: co
Italian: finché (it), fino a quando, fino a
Japanese: まで (ja) (made)
Kapampangan: angga
Korean: -까지 (-kkaji)
Kurdish:
Northern Kurdish: heta (ku), ta (ku)
Latin: usque ad
Latvian: līdz
Leonese: ata
Lithuanian: kol (lt), iki (lt)
Low German: bit (nds)
Macedonian: до (do), сѐ до (sè do)
Malay: sehingga (ms)
Maltese: sa, sakemm
Māori: āpānoa, rā anō, rānō, tae noa ki
Mauritian Creole: ziska
Mirandese: até
Occitan: fins (oc)
Old English: oþ
Persian: تا (fa) (tâ)
Plautdietsch: bat (nds)
Polish: do (pl), aż do (pl)
Portuguese: até (pt), até que
Punjabi: ਤੱਕ (pa) (takk)
Romanian: până (ro), până când, până ce
Russian: до (ru) (do)
Scottish Gaelic: gu, gus
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: до̏

Latin: dȍ (sh)
Slovak: do (sk)
Slovene: do (sl)
Sorbian:
Lower Sorbian: do

Upper Sorbian: do
Spanish: hasta (es)
Sranan Tongo: te kon miti
Swahili: mpaka (sw)
Swedish: tills (sv)
Tajik: то (tg) (to)
Tocharian B: eṃṣke
Turkish: kadar (tr), dek (tr)
Ukrainian: до (uk) (do)
Urdu: ... تک (... tak), جب تک (jab tak)
Uyghur: -غىچە (ug) (-ghiche), -قىچە (ug) (-qiche), -گىچە (ug) (-giche), -كىچە (ug) (-kiche), -غا قەدەر (-gha qeder), -قا قەدەر (-qa qeder), -گە قەدەر (-ge qeder), -كە قەدەر (-ke qeder)
Vietnamese: cho đến, đến (vi), cho tới, tới (vi)
Walloon: diski (wa), disk' a, (before subordinate clause) disk' a tant ki
Welsh: tan (cy)
Yiddish: ביז (biz)
Yucatec Maya: tak

before

Arabic: حَتَّى (ar) (ḥattā)
Chinese:
Cantonese: 喺……之前 (hai²...zi¹ cin⁴)

Mandarin: 在……之前 (zài...zhīqián)
Esperanto: please add this translation if you can
Finnish: ennen (fi)
French: avant (fr)
Galician: denantes, endenantes, enantes, aventes
Greek: πριν (el) (prin)
Hebrew: לפני (he) (lifné)
Hindi: तक (hi) (tak), पर्यंत (paryant)
Hungarian: előtt (hu)
Japanese: まで (ja) (made)
Kapampangan: bayu, angga
Kurdish:
Northern Kurdish: heta (ku), ta (ku), berî (ku)
Macedonian: до (do)
Portuguese: até que
Romanian: până nu
Russian: до (ru) (do), не ра́ньше (ne ránʹše)
Spanish: antes (es)
Ukrainian: до (uk) (do), не раніше (ne raniše)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

Kurdish:
Central Kurdish: ^{(please verify)} تاکو (taku), ^{(please verify)} ھەتاکو (hetaku), ^{(please verify)} تا (ta)

Northern Kurdish: ^{(please verify)} heta (ku), ^{(please verify)} ta (ku), ^{(please verify)} heya (ku)
Norwegian: ^{(please verify)} inntil, ^{(please verify)} til (no), ^{(please verify)} før (no)
Old English: ^{(please verify)} oþ
Persian: ^{(please verify)} تا (fa) (tâ)
Swahili: ^{(please verify)} mpaka (sw)
Swedish: ^{(please verify)} förrän (sv) (if with a negation), ^{(please verify)} till (sv), ^{(please verify)} tills (sv)
Tajik: ^{(please verify)} то (tg) (to)
Telugu: ^{(please verify)} వరకు (te) (varaku), ^{(please verify)} దాకా (dākā)

Conjunction

until

Up to the time that (a condition becomes true).
Not until I got his email did I fully understand his disappointment.

It took us a week before/until we got the house repainted.
- 1906, Stanley J[ohn] Weyman, chapter I, in Chippinge Borough, New York, N.Y.: McClure, Phillips & Co., →OCLC, page 01:
  It was April 22, 1831, and a young man was walking down Whitehall in the direction of Parliament Street. […]. He halted opposite the Privy Gardens, and, with his face turned skywards, listened until the sound of the Tower guns smote again on the ear and dispelled his doubts.
- 2013 July 19, Peter Wilby, “Finland spreads word on schools”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 6, page 30:
  Imagine a country where children do nothing but play until they start compulsory schooling at age seven. Then, without exception, they attend comprehensives until the age of 16. Charging school fees is illegal, and so is sorting pupils into ability groups by streaming or setting.
Before (a condition becoming true).
- 1915, G[eorge] A. Birmingham [pseudonym; James Owen Hannay], chapter I, in Gossamer, New York, N.Y.: George H. Doran Company, →OCLC:
  It is never possible to settle down to the ordinary routine of life at sea until the screw begins to revolve. There is an hour or two, after the passengers have embarked, which is disquieting and fussy.

Synonyms

(up to the time that): till (less formal), 'til (nonstandard); see also Thesaurus:until
(before): afore, before

Translations

up to the time that

Arabic: حَتَّى (ar) (ḥattā), إِلَى أَنْ (ʔilā ʔan)
Bulgarian: докато (bg) (dokato)
Burmese: အထိ (my) (a.hti.)
Chinese:
Cantonese: 到 (dou³), 至 (zi³)

Mandarin: 直到 (zh) (zhídào), 直至 (zh) (zhízhì), 至 (zh) (zhì)
Comorian:
Ndzwani Comorian: ta
Czech: dokud (cs)
Dutch: totdat (nl)
Esperanto: please add this translation if you can
Estonian: kuni (et)
Finnish: kunnes (fi)
French: jusqu'à ce que (fr), jusqu'au moment où (fr)
German: bis (de)
Greek: ώσπου (el) (óspou), ωσότου (el) (osótou)
Ancient Greek: μέχρι (mékhri), ἕως (héōs)
Hebrew: עד (he) (ád)
Hindi: तक (hi) (tak), तलक (hi) (talak), पर्यंत (paryant)
Hungarian: amíg…nem, ameddig…nem
Interlingua: usque (ia)
Irish: go dtí go
Old Irish: co
Japanese: ...まで (ja) (...made)
Kurdish:
Northern Kurdish: heta (ku), ta (ku), heta ku (ku)
Latin: donec (la)
Macedonian: до́дека не (dódeka ne)
Manchu: ᡳᠰᡳᡨᠠᠯᠠ (isitala)
Norwegian:
Bokmål: inntil
Old English: oþ þæt
Polish: aż (pl)
Portuguese: até (pt)
Punjabi: ਜਦ ਤੱਕ (jad takk)
Romanian: până (ro)
Russian: пока́ не (ru) (poká ne), до тех пор, пока́ не (do tex por, poká ne)
Sanskrit: पर्यन्तम् (paryantam)
Slovene: dokler
Spanish: hasta (es), hasta que
Swedish: tills (sv)
Tocharian B: eṃṣke
Ukrainian: допо́ки (dopóky), по́ки (póky)
Urdu: تَک (tak), پَرْیَنْت (paryant)
Uyghur: -غىچە (ug) (-ghiche), -قىچە (ug) (-qiche), -گىچە (ug) (-giche), -كىچە (ug) (-kiche)
Vietnamese: cho đến khi, đến khi, cho đến lúc, đến lúc, cho tới khi, tới khi, tới lúc
Walloon: disca tant ki (wa)

before

Arabic: حَتَّى (ar) (ḥattā)
Bulgarian: докато (bg) (dokato)
Chinese:
Cantonese: 喺……之前 (hai²...zi¹ cin⁴)

Mandarin: ^{(please verify)} 在……之前 (zài……zhīqián)
Esperanto: please add this translation if you can
Finnish: ennen kuin (fi)
French: avant que (fr)
Hebrew: לפני (he) (lifné)
Hungarian: mielőtt (hu), azelőtt, hogy
Japanese: ...まで (ja) (...made)
Kurdish:
Northern Kurdish: heta (ku)
Polish: dopóki nie

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

Arabic: ^{(please verify)} حَتَّى (ar) (ḥattā)
Italian: ^{(please verify)} fino a (it)
Kurdish:
Central Kurdish: ^{(please verify)} ھەتا (heta), ^{(please verify)} ھەتاکو (hetaku), ^{(please verify)} تا (ta)
Old English: ^{(please verify)} oþ, ^{(please verify)} oþþæt
Persian: ^{(please verify)} تا (fa) (tâ)
Swedish: ^{(please verify)} förrän (sv) (with negations), ^{(please verify)} till (sv)

Derived terms

terms derived from all parts of speech

References

^ Hall, Joseph Sargent (2 March 1942), “2. The Vowel Sounds of Unstressed and Partially Stressed Syllables”, in The Phonetics of Great Smoky Mountain Speech (American Speech: Reprints and Monographs; 4), New York: King's Crown Press, →DOI, →ISBN, § I.5, page 59.

Anagrams

nutil, unlit

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