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GeezerVison is showing github.com — fullstackpython.github.com/web-frameworks.html at gh-pages · huachen0216/fullstackpython.github.com Expand file tree/ Copy pathweb-frameworks.htmlMore file actions 471 lines (464 loc) · 24.7 KB / Copy pathweb-frameworks.htmlFile metadata and controls471 lines (464 loc) · 24.7 KB 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <meta name="author" content="Matt Makai"> <meta name="description" content="Full Stack Python explains each layer of the web application stack, from the server up through the rendering in a user's browser."> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="theme/img/fsp-fav.png"> <title>Web Frameworks - Full Stack Python</title> <link href="theme/css/fsp.css" rel="stylesheet"> <!--[if lt IE 9]> <script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/libs/html5shiv/3.7.0/html5shiv.js"></script> <script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/libs/respond.js/1.3.0/respond.min.js"></script> <![endif]--> <link href="//netdna.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.1.0/css/font-awesome.css" rel="stylesheet"> <script type="text/javascript"> var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-19910497-7']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); })(); </script> </head> <body> <a href="https://github.com/makaimc/fullstackpython.github.com" class="github"> <img style="position: absolute; top: 0; right: 0; border: 0;" src="http://s3.amazonaws.com/github/ribbons/forkme_right_darkblue_121621.png" alt="Fork me on GitHub" /> </a> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="logo-header-section"> <a href="/" style="text-decoration: none; border: none;"><img src="theme/img/fsp-logo.png" height="52" width="52" class="logo-image" style="padding-top: 1px;"/></a> <span class="logo-title"><a href="/">Full Stack Python</a></span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-8"> <h1>Web frameworks</h1> <p>A web application framework is a code library that makes a developer's life easier when building reliable, scalable and maintainable web applications.</p> <h2>Why are web frameworks necessary?</h2> <p>Web frameworks encapsulate what developers have learned over the past twenty years while building dynamic web applications. Frameworks make it easier to reuse code for common HTTP operations and to structure your code so that it is maintainable.</p> <h2>Common web framework functionality</h2> <p>Frameworks provide functionality in their code or through extensions to perform common operations required to run web applications. These common operations include:</p> <ol> <li>URL routing</li> <li>HTML, XML, JSON, and other output format templating</li> <li>Database manipulation</li> <li>Security against Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) and other attacks</li> </ol> <p>Not all web frameworks include code for all of the above functionality. Frameworks fall somewhere between simply executing a single use case and attempting to be everything to every developer with increased complexity. Some frameworks take the "batteries-included" approach where everything possible comes bundled with the framework while others have a minimal code library that plays well with extensions.</p> <p>For example, the Django web application framework includes an Object-Relational Mapping (ORM) layer that abstracts relational database read, write, query, and delete operations. However, Django's ORM cannot work without significant modification on non-relational databases such as <a href="http://www.mongodb.org/">MongoDB</a>. Some other web frameworks such as Flask and Pyramid are easier to use with non-relational databases by incorporating external Python libraries. There is a spectrum between minimal functionality with easy extensibility and including everything in the framework with tight integration.</p> <h2>General web framework resources</h2> <ul> <li> <p>"<a href="http://www.jeffknupp.com/blog/2014/03/03/what-is-a-web-framework/">What is a web framework?</a>" by <a href="https://twitter.com/jeffknupp">Jeff Knupp</a> is an in-depth explanation of what a web framework is and their relation to web servers.</p> </li> <li> <p>Check out the answer to the "<a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/4507506/what-is-a-web-framework-how-does-it-compare-with-lamp">What is a web framework and how does it compare to LAMP?</a>" question on Stack Overflow.</p> </li> <li> <p><a href="http://youtu.be/W6KCPXl6Zuc">Frameworks</a> is a really well done short video that explains how to choose between web frameworks. The author has some particular opinions about what should be in a framework. For the most part I agree although I've found sessions and database ORMs to be a helpful part of a framework when done well.</p> </li> <li> <p><a href="https://www.airpair.com/python/posts/django-flask-pyramid">Django vs Flask vs Pyramid: Choosing a Python Web Framework</a> contains background information and code comparisons for similar web applications built in these three big Python frameworks.</p> </li> <li> <p>This <a href="http://www.konstruktor.ee/blog/python-web-framework-roundup/">Python web framework roundup</a> covers Django, Flask and Bottle as well as several other lesser known Python frameworks.</p> </li> <li> <p>This fascinating blog post takes a look at the <a href="http://grokcode.com/864/snakefooding-python-code-for-complexity-visualization/">code complexity of several Python web frameworks</a> by providing visualizations based on their code bases.</p> </li> <li> <p><a href="http://www.reddit.com/r/webdev/comments/2les4x/what_frameworks_do_you_use_and_why_are_they/">What web frameworks do you use and why are they awesome?</a> is a language agnostic Reddit discussion on web frameworks. It's interesting to see what programmers in other languages like and dislike about their suite of web frameworks compared to the main Python frameworks.</p> </li> </ul> <h2>Web frameworks learning checklist</h2> <p><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Choose a major Python web framework (<a href="/django.html">Django</a> or <a href="/flask.html">Flask</a> are recommended) and stick with it. When you're just starting it's best to learn one framework first instead of bouncing around trying to understand every framework. </p> <p><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Work through a detailed tutorial found within the resources links on the framework's page.</p> <p><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Study open source examples built with your framework of choice so you can take parts of those projects and reuse the code in your application.</p> <p><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Build the first simple iteration of your web application then go to the <a href="/deployment.html">deployment</a> section to make it accessible on the web.</p> <h3>Which web framework do you want to learn about?</h3> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-3"> <div class="well select-next"> <a href="/django.html" class="btn btn-success btn-full"><i class="fa fa-terminal fa-inverse fa-2x"></i></a> <p class="under-btn"> Tell me more about the Django framework. </p> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-3"> <div class="well select-next"> <a href="/flask.html" class="btn btn-success btn-full"><i class="fa fa-flask fa-2x"></i></a> </a> <p class="under-btn"> I want to learn more about the Flask web framework. </p> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-3"> <div class="well select-next"> <a href="/bottle.html" class="btn btn-success btn-full"><i class="fa fa-tint fa-inverse fa-2x"></i></a> <p class="under-btn"> Show me more information on Bottle. </p> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-3"> <div class="well select-next"> <a href="/other-web-frameworks.html" class="btn btn-success btn-full"><i class="fa fa-question fa-inverse fa-2x"></i></a> <p class="under-btn"> What other Python web frameworks exist? </p> </div> </div> </div> <style type="text/css"> #mc_embed_signup{background:#fff; clear:left; font:12px "Helvetica Neue",Arial,sans-serif; } /* Add your own MailChimp form style overrides in your site stylesheet or in this style block. 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} else { err_id = 'mce_tmp_error_msg'; html = '<div id="'+err_id+'" style="'+err_style+'"> '+msg+'</div>'; var input_id = '#mc_embed_signup'; var f = $(input_id); if (ftypes[index]=='address'){ input_id = '#mce-'+fnames[index]+'-addr1'; f = $(input_id).parent().parent().get(0); } else if (ftypes[index]=='date'){ input_id = '#mce-'+fnames[index]+'-month'; f = $(input_id).parent().parent().get(0); } else { input_id = '#mce-'+fnames[index]; f = $().parent(input_id).get(0); } if (f){ $(f).append(html); $(input_id).focus(); } else { $('#mce-'+resp.result+'-response').show(); $('#mce-'+resp.result+'-response').html(msg); } } } catch(e){ $('#mce-'+resp.result+'-response').show(); $('#mce-'+resp.result+'-response').html(msg); } } } </script> <!--End mc_embed_signup--> </div> <div class="col-md-offset-1 col-md-3" id="sidebar"> <div class="panel panel-success"> <div class="panel-heading"><h3 class="panel-head">Web Frameworks</h3></div> <div class="panel-body"> <a href="/">Full Stack Python</a> is an open book that explains each Python web application stack layer and provides the best web resources for those topics. <hr/> There's a work-in-progress <a href="/full-stack-python-map.pdf">subjects map (.pdf)</a> that visually lays out each chapter in addition to the table of contents found below. <hr/> Need more detailed tutorials and walkthroughs than what is presented here? <a href="/email.html">Sign up for an email alert when that content is created.</a> <hr/> <a href="http://twitter.com/mattmakai">Matt Makai</a> built this site with assistance from community pull requests. On GitHub you can <a href="https://github.com/makaimc">follow Matt</a> to see the daily changes. </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-success"> <div class="panel-heading"> <h3 class="panel-head">Table of Contents</h3> </div> <div class="list-group"> <a href="/introduction.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Introduction</a> <a href="/web-frameworks.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item active">Web Frameworks</a> <a href="/django.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Django</a> <a href="/flask.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Flask</a> <a href="/bottle.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Bottle</a> <a href="/morepath.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Morepath</a> <a href="/other-web-frameworks.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Other Web Frameworks</a> <a href="/deployment.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Deployment</a> <a href="/servers.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Servers</a> <a href="/platform-as-a-service.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Platform-as-a-service</a> <a href="/operating-systems.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Operating Systems</a> <a href="/web-servers.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Web Servers</a> <a href="/wsgi-servers.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">WSGI Servers</a> <a href="/source-control.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Source Control</a> <a href="/application-dependencies.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Application Dependencies</a> <a href="/databases.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Databases</a> <a href="/no-sql-datastore.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">NoSQL Data Stores</a> <a href="/web-design.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Web Design</a> <a href="/cascading-style-sheets.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Cascading Style Sheets</a> <a href="/javascript.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">JavaScript</a> <a href="/continuous-integration.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Continuous Integration</a> <a href="/code-metrics.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Code Metrics</a> <a href="/configuration-management.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Configuration Management</a> <a href="/static-content.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Static Content</a> <a href="/caching.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Caching</a> <a href="/task-queues.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Task Queues</a> <a href="/application-programming-interfaces.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Application Programming Interfaces</a> <a href="/api-integration.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">API Integration</a> <a href="/api-creation.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">API Creation</a> <a href="/logging.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Logging</a> <a href="/monitoring.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Monitoring</a> <a href="/web-analytics.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Web Analytics</a> <a href="/web-application-security.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Web Application Security</a> <a href="/best-python-resources.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Best Python Resources</a> <a href="/development-environments.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Development Environments</a> <a href="/about-author.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">About the Author</a> <a href="/change-log.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Change Log</a> <a href="/future-directions.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Future Directions</a> <a href="/what-full-stack-means.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">What "Full Stack" Means</a> <a href="/why-use-python.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Why Use Python?</a> <a href="/websockets.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">WebSockets</a> </div> </div> </div></div> <hr/> <div class="footer pull-right"> <a href="http://www.mattmakai.com/" class="underline">Matt Makai</a> 2014 </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> setTimeout(function(){var a=document.createElement("script"); var b=document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; a.src=document.location.protocol+"//dnn506yrbagrg.cloudfront.net/pages/scripts/0016/5846.js?"+Math.floor(new Date().getTime()/3600000); a.async=true;a.type="text/javascript";b.parentNode.insertBefore(a,b)}, 1); </script> <div style="display: none;"> <img src="https://www.linkedin.com/profile/view?authToken=zRgB&authType=name&id=3952407" /> </div> </body> </html> |
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