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GeezerVison is showing github.com — fullstackpython.github.com/web-frameworks.html at gh-pages · kevinisaac/fullstackpython.github.com Expand file tree/ Copy pathweb-frameworks.htmlMore file actions 284 lines (274 loc) · 19.3 KB / Copy pathweb-frameworks.htmlFile metadata and controls284 lines (274 loc) · 19.3 KB 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <meta name="author" content="Matt Makai"> <meta name="description" content="Web frameworks are code libraries that help developers solve common web application challenges. Learn more on Full Stack Python."> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="theme/img/fsp-fav.png"> <title>Web Frameworks - Full Stack Python</title> <!--[if lt IE 9]> <script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/libs/html5shiv/3.7.0/html5shiv.js"></script> <script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/libs/respond.js/1.3.0/respond.min.js"></script> <![endif]--> <link href="theme/css/f.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="//netdna.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.1.0/css/font-awesome.css" rel="stylesheet"> <style> .toc-indent {padding-left: 25px;} .toc-more-indent {padding-left: 37px;} </style> <script> (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){ (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o), m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m) })(window,document,'script','//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga'); ga('create', 'UA-19910497-7', 'auto'); ga('send', 'pageview'); </script> </head> <body> <a href="https://github.com/makaimc/fullstackpython.github.com"><img style="position: absolute; top: 0; right: 0; border: 0;" src="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/a6677b08c955af8400f44c6298f40e7d19cc5b2d/68747470733a2f2f73332e616d617a6f6e6177732e636f6d2f6769746875622f726962626f6e732f666f726b6d655f72696768745f677261795f3664366436642e706e67" alt="Fork me on GitHub" data-canonical-src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/github/ribbons/forkme_right_gray_6d6d6d.png"></a> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="logo-header-section"> <a href="/" style="text-decoration: none; border: none;"><img src="theme/img/fsp-logo.png" height="52" width="52" class="logo-image" style="padding-top: 1px;" alt="Full Stack Python logo"></a> <span class="logo-title"><a href="/">Full Stack Python</a></span> </div> </div> </div><div class="row"> <div class="col-md-8"> <h1>Web frameworks</h1> <p>A web framework is a code library that makes a developer's life easier when building reliable, scalable and maintainable web applications.</p> <h2>Why are web frameworks necessary?</h2> <p>Web frameworks encapsulate what developers have learned over the past twenty years while programming sites and applications for the web. Frameworks make it easier to reuse code for common HTTP operations and to structure projects so developers with knowledge of the framework can more quickly build and maintain the application.</p> <h2>Common web framework functionality</h2> <p>Frameworks provide functionality in their code or through extensions to perform common operations required to run web applications. These common operations include:</p> <ol> <li>URL routing</li> <li>HTML, XML, JSON, and other output format templating</li> <li>Database manipulation</li> <li>Security against Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) and other attacks</li> </ol> <p>Not all web frameworks include code for all of the above functionality. Frameworks fall somewhere between simply executing a single use case and attempting to be everything to every developer with increased complexity. Some frameworks take the "batteries-included" approach where everything possible comes bundled with the framework while others have a minimal code library that plays well with extensions.</p> <p>For example, the Django web application framework includes an Object-Relational Mapping (ORM) layer that abstracts relational database read, write, query, and delete operations. However, Django's ORM cannot work without significant modification on non-relational databases such as <a href="http://www.mongodb.org/">MongoDB</a>. Some other web frameworks such as Flask and Pyramid are easier to use with non-relational databases by incorporating external Python libraries. There is a spectrum between minimal functionality with easy extensibility and including everything in the framework with tight integration.</p> <h2>General web framework resources</h2> <ul> <li> <p>"<a href="http://www.jeffknupp.com/blog/2014/03/03/what-is-a-web-framework/">What is a web framework?</a>" by <a href="https://twitter.com/jeffknupp">Jeff Knupp</a> is an in-depth explanation of what web frameworks are and their relation to web servers.</p> </li> <li> <p>Check out the answer to the "<a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/4507506/what-is-a-web-framework-how-does-it-compare-with-lamp">What is a web framework and how does it compare to LAMP?</a>" question on Stack Overflow.</p> </li> <li> <p><a href="http://youtu.be/W6KCPXl6Zuc">Frameworks</a> is a really well done short video that explains how to choose between web frameworks. The author has some particular opinions about what should be in a framework. For the most part I agree although I've found sessions and database ORMs to be a helpful part of a framework when done well.</p> </li> <li> <p><a href="https://www.airpair.com/python/posts/django-flask-pyramid">Django vs Flask vs Pyramid: Choosing a Python Web Framework</a> contains background information and code comparisons for similar web applications built in these three big Python frameworks.</p> </li> <li> <p>This <a href="http://www.konstruktor.ee/blog/python-web-framework-roundup/">Python web framework roundup</a> covers Django, Flask and Bottle as well as several other lesser known Python frameworks.</p> </li> <li> <p>This fascinating blog post takes a look at the <a href="http://grokcode.com/864/snakefooding-python-code-for-complexity-visualization/">code complexity of several Python web frameworks</a> by providing visualizations based on their code bases.</p> </li> <li> <p><a href="http://www.reddit.com/r/webdev/comments/2les4x/what_frameworks_do_you_use_and_why_are_they/">What web frameworks do you use and why are they awesome?</a> is a language agnostic Reddit discussion on web frameworks. It's interesting to see what programmers in other languages like and dislike about their suite of web frameworks compared to the main Python frameworks.</p> </li> </ul> <h2>Web frameworks learning checklist</h2> <p><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Choose a major Python web framework (<a href="/django.html">Django</a> or <a href="/flask.html">Flask</a> are recommended) and stick with it. When you're just starting it's best to learn one framework first instead of bouncing around trying to understand every framework. </p> <p><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Work through a detailed tutorial found within the resources links on the framework's page.</p> <p><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Study open source examples built with your framework of choice so you can take parts of those projects and reuse the code in your application.</p> <p><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Build the first simple iteration of your web application then go to the <a href="/deployment.html">deployment</a> section to make it accessible on the web.</p> <h3>Which web framework do you want to learn about?</h3> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-3"> <div class="well select-next"> <a href="/django.html" class="btn btn-success btn-full"><i class="fa fa-terminal fa-inverse fa-2x"></i></a> <p class="under-btn"> Tell me more about the Django framework. </p> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-3"> <div class="well select-next"> <a href="/flask.html" class="btn btn-success btn-full"><i class="fa fa-flask fa-2x"></i></a> </a> <p class="under-btn"> I want to learn more about the Flask web framework. </p> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-3"> <div class="well select-next"> <a href="/bottle.html" class="btn btn-success btn-full"><i class="fa fa-tint fa-inverse fa-2x"></i></a> <p class="under-btn"> Show me more information on Bottle. </p> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-3"> <div class="well select-next"> <a href="/other-web-frameworks.html" class="btn btn-success btn-full"><i class="fa fa-question fa-inverse fa-2x"></i></a> <p class="under-btn"> What other Python web frameworks exist? </p> </div> </div> </div> <div id="mc_embed_signup"> <form action="//mattmakai.us2.list-manage.com/subscribe/post?u=b7e774f0c4f05dcebbfee183d&id=b22335388d" method="post" id="mc-embedded-subscribe-form" name="mc-embedded-subscribe-form" class="validate" target="_blank" novalidate> <div id="mc_embed_signup_scroll"> <h4>Sign up here to receive an email with major updates to this site and Python tutorials delivered to your inbox once a month.</h4> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9"> <input type="email" value="" name="EMAIL" class="email form-control" id="mce-EMAIL" placeholder="email address" required> <div style="position: absolute; left: -5000px;"><input type="text" name="b_b7e774f0c4f05dcebbfee183d_b22335388d" tabindex="-1" value=""></div> </div> <div class="col-md-3"> <div class="clear"><input type="submit" value="Subscribe" name="subscribe" id="mc-embedded-subscribe" class="btn btn-success" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue';"></div> </div> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-offset-1 col-md-3" id="sidebar"> <div class="panel panel-success"> <div class="panel-heading"> <h3 class="panel-head">Sponsored By</h3> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <a href="https://realpython.com/?utm_source=fsp&utm_medium=promo&utm_campaign=webframeworks"><img src="theme/img/sponsored/realpython.png" alt="Real Python logo" width="100%"></a> <p style="font-size: .8em;">If you want to learn Python web development then I highly recommend <a href="https://realpython.com/?utm_source=fsp&utm_medium=promo&utm_campaign=webframeworks" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://realpython.com/?utm_source=fsp&utm_medium=promo&utm_campaign=webframeworks'); return false;">checking out Real Python</a>'s courses. </p> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-success"> <div class="panel-heading"> <h3 class="panel-head"><a href="/table-of-contents.html" style="color: #fff;">Table of Contents</a></h3> </div> <div class="list-group"> <a href="/introduction.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Introduction</a> <a href="/why-use-python.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Why Use Python?</a> <a href="/best-python-resources.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Best Python Resources</a> <a href="/best-python-videos.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Best Python Videos</a> <a href="/development-environments.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Development Environments</a> <a href="/vim.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Vim</a> <a href="/emacs.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Emacs</a> <a href="/generators.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Generators</a> <a href="/comprehensions.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Comprehensions</a> <a href="/web-frameworks.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item active" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Web Frameworks</a> <a href="/django.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Django</a> <a href="/flask.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Flask</a> <a href="/bottle.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Bottle</a> <a href="/pyramid.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Pyramid</a> <a href="/morepath.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Morepath</a> <a href="/other-web-frameworks.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Other Web Frameworks</a> <a href="/web-design.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Web Design</a> <a href="/cascading-style-sheets.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Cascading Style Sheets</a> <a href="/javascript.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>JavaScript</a> <a href="/websockets.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>WebSockets</a> <a href="/web-application-security.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Web Application Security</a> <a href="/databases.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Databases</a> <a href="/no-sql-datastore.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>NoSQL Data Stores</a> <a href="/application-programming-interfaces.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Application Programming Interfaces</a> <a href="/api-integration.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>API Integration</a> <a href="/api-creation.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>API Creation</a> <a href="/deployment.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Deployment</a> <a href="/servers.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Servers</a> <a href="/platform-as-a-service.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Platform-as-a-service</a> <a href="/operating-systems.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Operating Systems</a> <a href="/web-servers.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Web Servers</a> <a href="/wsgi-servers.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>WSGI Servers</a> <a href="/source-control.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Source Control</a> <a href="/application-dependencies.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Application Dependencies</a> <a href="/static-content.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Static Content</a> <a href="/task-queues.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Task Queues</a> <a href="/configuration-management.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Configuration Management</a> <a href="/continuous-integration.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Continuous Integration</a> <a href="/logging.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Logging</a> <a href="/monitoring.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Monitoring</a> <a href="/web-analytics.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Web Analytics</a> <a href="/docker.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Docker</a> <a href="/caching.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Caching</a> <a href="/code-metrics.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Code Metrics</a> <a href="/what-full-stack-means.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>What "Full Stack" Means</a> <a href="/change-log.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Change Log</a> <a href="/future-directions.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Future Directions</a> <a href="/about-author.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>About the Author</a> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-success"> <div class="panel-heading"><h3 class="panel-head">Web Frameworks</h3></div> <div class="panel-body"> Major updates are tweeted via <a href="https://twitter.com/fullstackpython">@fullstackpython</a>. <hr/> Need more detailed tutorials than you see here? <a href="/email.html">Sign up to receive an email when that content is created.</a> </div> </div> </div></div> <hr/> <div class="footer pull-right"> <a href="http://www.mattmakai.com/" class="underline">Matt Makai</a> 2015 </div> </div> <script type='text/javascript'> var trackOutboundLink = function(url) { ga('send', 'event', 'outbound', 'click', 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