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GeezerVison is showing github.com — fullstackpython.github.com/web-frameworks.html at gh-pages · monop/fullstackpython.github.com Expand file tree/ Copy pathweb-frameworks.htmlMore file actions 310 lines (309 loc) · 22.7 KB / Copy pathweb-frameworks.htmlFile metadata and controls310 lines (309 loc) · 22.7 KB 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <meta name="author" content="Matt Makai"> <meta name="description" content="Web frameworks are code libraries that help developers solve common web application challenges. Learn more on Full Stack Python."> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="theme/img/fsp-fav.png"> <title>Web Frameworks - Full Stack Python</title> <!--[if lt IE 9]> <script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/libs/html5shiv/3.7.0/html5shiv.js"></script> <script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/libs/respond.js/1.3.0/respond.min.js"></script> <![endif]--> <link href="theme/css/f.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <script> (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){ (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o), m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m) })(window,document,'script','//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga'); ga('create', 'UA-19910497-7', 'auto'); ga('send', 'pageview'); </script></head> <body> <a href="https://github.com/makaimc/fullstackpython.com"><img style="position: absolute; top: 0; right: 0; border: 0;" src="/theme/img/fork.png" alt="Fork me on GitHub"></a> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="logo-header-section"> <a href="/" style="text-decoration: none; border: none;"><img src="theme/img/fsp-logo.png" height="52" width="52" class="logo-image" style="padding-top: 1px;" alt="Full Stack Python logo"></a> <span class="logo-title"><a href="/">Full Stack Python</a></span> </div> </div> </div><div class="row"> <div class="col-md-8"> <h1>Web frameworks</h1> <p>A web framework is a code library that makes a developer's life easier when building reliable, scalable and maintainable web applications.</p> <h2>Why are web frameworks necessary?</h2> <p>Web frameworks encapsulate what developers have learned over the past twenty years while programming sites and applications for the web. Frameworks make it easier to reuse code for common HTTP operations and to structure projects so other developers with knowledge of the framework can quickly build and maintain the application.</p> <h2>Common web framework functionality</h2> <p>Frameworks provide functionality in their code or through extensions to perform common operations required to run web applications. These common operations include:</p> <ol> <li>URL routing</li> <li>HTML, XML, JSON, and other output format templating</li> <li>Database manipulation</li> <li>Security against Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) and other attacks</li> <li>Session storage and retrieval</li> </ol> <p>Not all web frameworks include code for all of the above functionality. Frameworks fall on the spectrum from executing a single use case to providing every known web framework feature to every developer. Some frameworks take the "batteries-included" approach where everything possible comes bundled with the framework while others have a minimal core package that is amenable to extensions provided by other packages.</p> <p>For example, the <a href="/django.html">Django web application framework</a> includes an Object-Relational Mapping (ORM) layer that abstracts relational database read, write, query, and delete operations. However, Django's ORM cannot work without significant modification on non-relational databases such as <a href="http://www.mongodb.org/">MongoDB</a>.</p> <p>Some other web frameworks such as <a href="/flask.html">Flask</a> and <a href="/pyramid.html">Pyramid</a> are easier to use with non-relational databases by incorporating external Python libraries. There is a spectrum between minimal functionality with easy extensibility on one end and including everything in the framework with tight integration on the other end.</p> <div class="well see-also"> While you're learning about web frameworks you should also study <a href="/deployment.html">web application deployment</a> and <a href="/application-programming-interfaces.html">web APIs</a>. </div> <h2>Do I have to use a web framework?</h2> <p>Whether or not you use a web framework in your project depends on your experience with web development and what you're trying to accomplish. If you are a beginner programmer and just want to work on a web application as a learning project then a framework can help you understand the concepts listed above, such as URL routing, data manipulation and authentication that are common to the majority of web applications.</p> <p>On the other hand if you're an experienced programmer with significant web development experience you may feel like the existing frameworks do not match your project's requirements. In that case, you can mix and match open source libraries such as <a href="http://werkzeug.pocoo.org/">Werkzeug</a> for WSGI plumbing with your own code to create your own framework. There's still plenty of room in the Python ecosystem for new frameworks to satisfy the needs of web developers that are unmet by <a href="/django.html">Django</a>, <a href="/flask.html">Flask</a>, <a href="/pyramid.html">Pyramid</a>, <a href="/bottle.html">Bottle</a> and <a href="/other-web-frameworks.html">many others</a>.</p> <p>In short, whether or not you need to use a web framework to build a web application depends on your experience and what you're trying to accomplish. Using a web framework to build a web application certainly isn't required, but it'll make most developers' lives easier in many cases.</p> <h2>Web framework resources</h2> <ul> <li> <p>"<a href="http://www.jeffknupp.com/blog/2014/03/03/what-is-a-web-framework/">What is a web framework?</a>" is an in-depth explanation of what web frameworks are and their relation to web servers.</p> </li> <li> <p>Check out the answer to the "<a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/4507506/what-is-a-web-framework-how-does-it-compare-with-lamp">What is a web framework and how does it compare to LAMP?</a>" question on Stack Overflow.</p> </li> <li> <p><a href="http://youtu.be/W6KCPXl6Zuc">Frameworks</a> is a really well done short video that explains how to choose between web frameworks. The author has some particular opinions about what should be in a framework. For the most part I agree although I've found sessions and database ORMs to be a helpful part of a framework when done well.</p> </li> <li> <p><a href="https://www.airpair.com/python/posts/django-flask-pyramid">Django vs Flask vs Pyramid: Choosing a Python Web Framework</a> contains background information and code comparisons for similar web applications built in these three big Python frameworks.</p> </li> <li> <p>This <a href="http://www.konstruktor.ee/blog/python-web-framework-roundup/">Python web framework roundup</a> covers Django, Flask and Bottle as well as several other lesser known Python frameworks.</p> </li> <li> <p>This fascinating blog post takes a look at the <a href="http://grokcode.com/864/snakefooding-python-code-for-complexity-visualization/">code complexity of several Python web frameworks</a> by providing visualizations based on their code bases.</p> </li> <li> <p><a href="http://klen.github.io/py-frameworks-bench/">Python's web frameworks benchmarks</a> is a test of the responsiveness of a framework with encoding an object to JSON and returning it as a response as well as retrieving data from the database and rendering it in a template. There were no conclusive results but the output is fun to read about nonetheless.</p> </li> <li> <p><a href="http://www.reddit.com/r/webdev/comments/2les4x/what_frameworks_do_you_use_and_why_are_they/">What web frameworks do you use and why are they awesome?</a> is a language agnostic Reddit discussion on web frameworks. It's interesting to see what programmers in other languages like and dislike about their suite of web frameworks compared to the main Python frameworks.</p> </li> <li> <p>This user-voted question & answer site asked "<a href="http://www.slant.co/topics/426/~what-are-the-best-general-purpose-python-web-frameworks-usable-in-production-sites">What are the best general purpose Python web frameworks usable in production?</a>". The votes aren't as important as the list of the many frameworks that are available to Python developers.</p> </li> </ul> <h2>Web frameworks learning checklist</h2> <ol> <li> <p>Choose a major Python web framework (<a href="/django.html">Django</a> or <a href="/flask.html">Flask</a> are recommended) and stick with it. When you're just starting it's best to learn one framework first instead of bouncing around trying to understand every framework. </p> </li> <li> <p>Work through a detailed tutorial found within the resources links on the framework's page.</p> </li> <li> <p>Study open source examples built with your framework of choice so you can take parts of those projects and reuse the code in your application.</p> </li> <li> <p>Build the first simple iteration of your web application then go to the <a href="/deployment.html">deployment</a> section to make it accessible on the web.</p> </li> </ol> <h3>Which web framework do you want to learn about?</h3> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="well select-next"> <a href="/django.html" class="btn btn-success btn-full"><svg width="28" height="30" viewBox="0 0 1792 1792" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M649 983l-466 466q-10 10-23 10t-23-10l-50-50q-10-10-10-23t10-23l393-393-393-393q-10-10-10-23t10-23l50-50q10-10 23-10t23 10l466 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Frameworks</a> <a href="/web-design.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Web Design</a> <a href="/cascading-style-sheets.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Cascading Style Sheets</a> <a href="/javascript.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>JavaScript</a> <a href="/websockets.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>WebSockets</a> <a href="/web-application-security.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Web Application Security</a> <a href="/static-site-generator.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Static Site Generator</a> <a href="/data.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Data</a> <a 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Dependencies</a> <a href="/static-content.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Static Content</a> <a href="/task-queues.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Task Queues</a> <a href="/configuration-management.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Configuration Management</a> <a href="/continuous-integration.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Continuous Integration</a> <a href="/logging.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Logging</a> <a href="/monitoring.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Monitoring</a> <a href="/web-analytics.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>Web Analytics</a> <a 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Learn more about <a href="http://www.deploypython.com/">The Full Stack Python Guide to Deployments book</a>. </p> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-success"> <div class="panel-heading"><h3 class="panel-head">Web Frameworks</h3></div> <div class="panel-body"> Major updates are tweeted via <a href="https://twitter.com/fullstackpython">@fullstackpython</a>. <hr/> Need more detailed tutorials than you see here? <a href="http://www.deploypython.com/">Learn more about The Full Stack Python Guide to Deployments book.</a> </div> </div> </div></div> <hr/> <div class="footer pull-right"> <a href="http://www.mattmakai.com/" class="underline">Matt Makai</a> 2015 </div> </div> <script type='text/javascript'> var trackOutboundLink = function(url) { ga('send', 'event', 'outbound', 'click', url, {'hitCallback': function () { document.location = url; } }); } </script> </body> </html> |
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