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GeezerVison is showing github.com — fullstackpython.com/task-queues.html at gh-pages · nullism/fullstackpython.com Expand file tree/ Copy pathtask-queues.htmlMore file actions 415 lines (414 loc) · 27.4 KB / Copy pathtask-queues.htmlFile metadata and controls415 lines (414 loc) · 27.4 KB 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <meta name="author" content="Matt Makai"> <meta name="description" content="Task queues handle asynchronous jobs outside the HTTP request-response cycle. Learn about task queues on Full Stack Python."> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="//static.fullstackpython.com/fsp-fav.png"> <title>Task Queues - Full Stack Python</title> <!--[if lt IE 9]> <script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/libs/html5shiv/3.7.0/html5shiv.js"></script> <script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/libs/respond.js/1.3.0/respond.min.js"></script> <![endif]--> <link href="theme/css/f.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <div style="padding: 0 0 20px 0; margin: 0 0 20px 0; background-color: #22B24C;"> <div class="container"> <h2 style="color: #fff; margin: 20px 40px 0 0;"><a href="https://www.gumroad.com/l/python-deployments" style="color: #fff">The Full Stack Python Guide to Deployments book</a> has been released!</h2> </div> </div> <a href="https://github.com/makaimc/fullstackpython.com"><img style="position: absolute; top: 0; right: 0; border: 0;" src="/theme/img/fork.png" alt="Fork me on GitHub"></a> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="logo-header-section"> <a href="/" style="text-decoration: none; border: none;"><img src="theme/img/logo.png" height="52" width="52" class="logo-image" style="padding-top: 1px;" alt="Full Stack Python logo"></a> <span class="logo-title"><a href="/">Full Stack Python</a></span> </div> </div> </div><div class="row"> <div class="col-md-8"> <h1>Task queues</h1> <p>Task queues manage background work that must be executed outside the usual HTTP request-response cycle.</p> <h2>Why are task queues necessary?</h2> <p>Tasks are handled asynchronously either because they are not initiated by an HTTP request or because they are long-running jobs that would dramatically reduce the performance of an HTTP response.</p> <p>For example, a web application could poll the GitHub API every 10 minutes to collect the names of the top 100 starred repositories. A task queue would handle invoking code to call the GitHub API, process the results and store them in a persistent database for later use.</p> <p>Another example is when a database query would take too long during the HTTP request-response cycle. The query could be performed in the background on a fixed interval with the results stored in the database. When an HTTP request comes in that needs those results a query would simply fetch the precalculated result instead of re-executing the longer query. This precalculation scenario is a form of <a href="/caching.html">caching</a> enabled by task queues.</p> <p>Other types of jobs for task queues include</p> <ul> <li> <p>spreading out large numbers of independent database inserts over time instead of inserting everything at once</p> </li> <li> <p>aggregating collected data values on a fixed interval, such as every 15 minutes</p> </li> <li> <p>scheduling periodic jobs such as batch processes</p> </li> </ul> <h2>Task queue projects</h2> <p>The defacto standard Python task queue is Celery. The other task queue projects that arise tend to come from the perspective that Celery is overly complicated for simple use cases. My recommendation is to put the effort into Celery's reasonable learning curve as it is worth the time it takes to understand how to use the project.</p> <ul> <li> <p>The <a href="http://www.celeryproject.org/">Celery</a> distributed task queue is the most commonly used Python library for handling asynchronous tasks and scheduling.</p> </li> <li> <p>The <a href="http://python-rq.org/">RQ (Redis Queue)</a> is a simple Python library for queueing jobs and processing them in the background with workers. RQ is backed by Redis and is designed to have a low barrier to entry. The <a href="http://nvie.com/posts/introducing-rq/">intro post</a> contains information on design decisions and how to use RQ.</p> </li> <li> <p><a href="https://github.com/dcramer/taskmaster">Taskmaster</a> is a lightweight simple distributed queue for handling large volumes of one-off tasks. </p> </li> <li> <p><a href="http://huey.readthedocs.org/en/latest/">Huey</a> is a simple task queue that uses Redis on the backend but otherwise does not depend on other libraries. The project was previously known as Invoker and the author changed the name.</p> </li> </ul> <h2>Hosted message and task queue services</h2> <p>Task queue third party services aim to solve the complexity issues that arise when scaling out a large deployment of distributed task queues.</p> <ul> <li> <p><a href="http://www.iron.io/">Iron.io</a> is a distributed messaging service platform that works with many types of task queues such as Celery. It also is built to work with other IaaS and PaaS environments such as Amazon Web Services and Heroku.</p> </li> <li> <p><a href="http://aws.amazon.com/sqs/">Amazon Simple Queue Service (SQS)</a> is a set of five APIs for creating, sending, receiving, modifying and deleting messages.</p> </li> <li> <p><a href="http://www.cloudamqp.com/">CloudAMQP</a> is at its core managed servers with RabbitMQ installed and configured. This service is an option if you are using RabbitMQ and do not want to maintain RabbitMQ installations on your own servers.</p> </li> </ul> <h2>Open source examples that use task queues</h2> <ul> <li> <p>Take a look at the code in this open source <a href="https://www.twilio.com/docs/howto/walkthrough/appointment-reminders/python/flask">Flask application</a> and <a href="https://www.twilio.com/docs/howto/walkthrough/appointment-reminders/python/django">this Django application</a> for examples of how to use and deploy Celery with a Redis broker to send text messages with these frameworks. </p> </li> <li> <p><a href="https://github.com/thrisp/flask-celery-example">flask-celery-example</a> is a simple Flask application with Celery as a task queue and Redis as the broker.</p> </li> </ul> <h2>Task queue resources</h2> <ul> <li> <p><a href="http://www.caktusgroup.com/blog/2014/06/23/scheduling-tasks-celery/">Getting Started Scheduling Tasks with Celery</a> is a detailed walkthrough for setting up Celery with Django (although Celery can also be used without a problem with other frameworks).</p> </li> <li> <p><a href="http://justcramer.com/2012/05/04/distributing-work-without-celery/">Distributing work without Celery</a> provides a scenario in which Celery and RabbitMQ are not the right tool for scheduling asynchronous jobs.</p> </li> <li> <p><a href="http://www.warski.org/blog/2014/07/evaluating-persistent-replicated-message-queues/">Evaluating persistent, replicated message queues</a> is a detailed comparison of Amazon SQS, MongoDB, RabbitMQ, HornetQ and Kafka's designs and performance.</p> </li> <li> <p><a href="http://queues.io/">Queues.io</a> is a collection of task queue systems with short summaries for each one. The task queues are not all compatible with Python but ones that work with it are tagged with the "Python" keyword.</p> </li> <li> <p><a href="http://www.slideshare.net/bryanhelmig/task-queues-comorichweb-12962619">Why Task Queues</a> is a presentation for what task queues are and why they are needed. </p> </li> <li> <p>Flask by Example <a href="https://realpython.com/blog/python/flask-by-example-implementing-a-redis-task-queue/">Implementing a Redis Task Queue</a> provides a detailed walkthrough of setting up workers to use RQ with Redis.</p> </li> <li> <p><a href="https://www.digitalocean.com/community/articles/how-to-use-celery-with-rabbitmq-to-queue-tasks-on-an-ubuntu-vps">How to use Celery with RabbitMQ</a> is a detailed walkthrough for using these tools on an Ubuntu VPS.</p> </li> <li> <p>Heroku has a clear walkthrough for using <a href="https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/python-rq">RQ for background tasks</a>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a href="http://www.linuxforu.com/2013/12/introducing-celery-pythondjango/">Introducing Celery for Python+Django</a> provides an introduction to the Celery task queue.</p> </li> <li> <p><a href="https://denibertovic.com/posts/celery-best-practices/">Celery - Best Practices</a> explains things you should not do with Celery and shows some underused features for making task queues easier to work with.</p> </li> <li> <p>The "Django in Production" series by <a href="https://twitter.com/robgolding63">Rob Golding</a> contains a post specifically on <a href="http://www.robgolding.com/blog/2011/11/27/django-in-production-part-2---background-tasks/">Background Tasks</a>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a href="http://blog.thecodepath.com/2012/11/15/asynchronous-processing-in-web-applications-part-1-a-database-is-not-a-queue/">Asynchronous Processing in Web Applications Part One</a> and <a href="http://blog.thecodepath.com/2013/01/06/asynchronous-processing-in-web-applications-part-2-developers-need-to-understand-message-queues/">Part Two</a> are great reads for understanding the difference between a task queue and why you shouldn't use your database as one.</p> </li> <li> <p><a href="http://www.caktusgroup.com/blog/2014/09/29/celery-production/">Celery in Production</a> on the Caktus Group blog contains good practices from their experience using Celery with RabbitMQ, monitoring tools and other aspects not often discussed in existing documentation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=68QWZU_gCDA">A 4 Minute Intro to Celery</a> is a short introductory task queue screencast.</p> </li> <li> <p>Heroku wrote about how to <a href="https://engineering.heroku.com/blogs/2014-09-15-securing-celery">secure Celery</a> when tasks are otherwise sent over unencrypted networks.</p> </li> <li> <p>Miguel Grinberg wrote a nice post on using the <a href="http://blog.miguelgrinberg.com/post/using-celery-with-flask">task queue Celery with Flask</a>. He gives an overview of Celery followed by specific code to set up the task queue and integrate it with Flask.</p> </li> <li> <p><a href="http://wiredcraft.com/posts/2015/02/04/3-gotchas-for-celery.html">3 Gotchas for Working with Celery</a> are things to keep in mind when you're new to the Celery task queue implementation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a href="https://godjango.com/63-deferred-tasks-and-scheduled-jobs-with-celery-31-django-17-and-redis/">Deferred Tasks and Scheduled Jobs with Celery 3.1, Django 1.7 and Redis</a> is a video along with code that shows how to set up Celery with Redis as the broker in a Django application.</p> </li> <li> <p><a href="http://michal.karzynski.pl/blog/2014/05/18/setting-up-an-asynchronous-task-queue-for-django-using-celery-redis/">Setting up an asynchronous task queue for Django using Celery and Redis</a> is a straightforward tutorial for setting up the Celery task queue for Django web applications using the Redis broker on the back end.</p> </li> <li> <p><a href="http://django.zone/posts/background-jobs-django-and-celery">Background jobs with Django and Celery</a> shows the code and a simple explanation of how to use Celery with <a href="/django.html">Django</a>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a href="https://realpython.com/blog/python/asynchronous-tasks-with-django-and-celery/">Asynchronous Tasks With Django and Celery</a> shows how to integrate Celery with <a href="/django.html">Django</a> and create Periodic Tasks.</p> </li> <li> <p><a href="https://library.launchkit.io/three-quick-tips-from-two-years-with-celery-c05ff9d7f9eb">Three quick tips from two years with Celery</a> provides some solid advice on retry delays, the -Ofair flag and global task timeouts for Celery.</p> </li> </ul> <h2>Task queue learning checklist</h2> <ol> <li> <p>Pick a slow function in your project that is called during an HTTP request.</p> </li> <li> <p>Determine if you can precompute the results on a fixed interval instead of during the HTTP request. If so, create a separate function you can call from elsewhere then store the precomputed value in the database.</p> </li> <li> <p>Read the Celery documentation and the links in the resources section below to understand how the project works.</p> </li> <li> <p>Install a message broker such as RabbitMQ or Redis and then add Celery to your project. Configure Celery to work with the installed message broker.</p> </li> <li> <p>Use Celery to invoke the function from step one on a regular basis.</p> </li> <li> <p>Have the HTTP request function use the precomputed value instead of the slow running code it originally relied upon.</p> </li> </ol> <h3>What's next to learn after task queues?</h3> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="well select-next"> <a href="/logging.html" class="btn btn-success btn-full"><svg width="28" height="30" viewBox="0 0 1792 1792" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M1792 1344v128q0 26-19 45t-45 19h-1664q-26 0-45-19t-19-45v-128q0-26 19-45t45-19h1664q26 0 45 19t19 45zm-384-384v128q0 26-19 45t-45 19h-1280q-26 0-45-19t-19-45v-128q0-26 19-45t45-19h1280q26 0 45 19t19 45zm256-384v128q0 26-19 45t-45 19h-1536q-26 0-45-19t-19-45v-128q0-26 19-45t45-19h1536q26 0 45 19t19 45zm-384-384v128q0 26-19 45t-45 19h-1152q-26 0-45-19t-19-45v-128q0-26 19-45t45-19h1152q26 0 45 19t19 45z" fill="#fff"/></svg></a> <p class="under-btn">How do I log errors that occur in my application?</p> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="well select-next"> <a href="/web-analytics.html" class="btn btn-success btn-full"><svg width="28" height="30" viewBox="0 0 1792 1792" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M384 1152q0-53-37.5-90.5t-90.5-37.5-90.5 37.5-37.5 90.5 37.5 90.5 90.5 37.5 90.5-37.5 37.5-90.5zm192-448q0-53-37.5-90.5t-90.5-37.5-90.5 37.5-37.5 90.5 37.5 90.5 90.5 37.5 90.5-37.5 37.5-90.5zm428 481l101-382q6-26-7.5-48.5t-38.5-29.5-48 6.5-30 39.5l-101 382q-60 5-107 43.5t-63 98.5q-20 77 20 146t117 89 146-20 89-117q16-60-6-117t-72-91zm660-33q0-53-37.5-90.5t-90.5-37.5-90.5 37.5-37.5 90.5 37.5 90.5 90.5 37.5 90.5-37.5 37.5-90.5zm-640-640q0-53-37.5-90.5t-90.5-37.5-90.5 37.5-37.5 90.5 37.5 90.5 90.5 37.5 90.5-37.5 37.5-90.5zm448 192q0-53-37.5-90.5t-90.5-37.5-90.5 37.5-37.5 90.5 37.5 90.5 90.5 37.5 90.5-37.5 37.5-90.5zm320 448q0 261-141 483-19 29-54 29h-1402q-35 0-54-29-141-221-141-483 0-182 71-348t191-286 286-191 348-71 348 71 286 191 191 286 71 348z" fill="#fff"/></svg></a> <p class="under-btn">I want to learn more about app users via web analytics.</p> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="well select-next"> <a href="/monitoring.html" class="btn btn-success btn-full"><svg width="36" height="30" viewBox="0 0 1792 1792" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M512 896v512h-256v-512h256zm384-512v1024h-256v-1024h256zm1024 1152v128h-2048v-1536h128v1408h1920zm-640-896v768h-256v-768h256zm384-384v1152h-256v-1152h256z" fill="#fff"/></svg></a> <p class="under-btn">What tools exist for monitoring a deployed web app?</p> </div> </div> </div><div id="mc_embed_signup"> <form action="//mattmakai.us2.list-manage.com/subscribe/post?u=b7e774f0c4f05dcebbfee183d&id=b22335388d" method="post" id="mc-embedded-subscribe-form" name="mc-embedded-subscribe-form" class="validate" target="_blank" novalidate> <div id="mc_embed_signup_scroll"> <h4>Sign up here to receive an email with major updates to this site and Python tutorials delivered to your inbox once a month.</h4> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9"> <input type="email" value="" name="EMAIL" class="email form-control" id="mce-EMAIL" placeholder="email address" required> <div style="position: absolute; left: -5000px;"><input type="text" name="b_b7e774f0c4f05dcebbfee183d_b22335388d" tabindex="-1" value=""></div> </div> <div class="col-md-3"> <div class="clear"><input type="submit" value="Subscribe" name="subscribe" id="mc-embedded-subscribe" class="btn btn-success" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue';"></div> </div> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-offset-1 col-md-3" id="sidebar"> <div class="panel panel-success"> <div class="panel-body"> <a href="http://www.deploypython.com/"><img src="//static.fullstackpython.com/fsp-deployment-guide.png" alt="The Full Stack Python Guide to Deployments" width="100%"></a> <p style="font-size: .8em; margin-top: 10px;">Searching for a complete, step-by-step deployment walkthrough? 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Learn more about <a href="http://www.deploypython.com/">The Full Stack Python Guide to Deployments book</a>. </p> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-success"> <div class="panel-heading"><h3 class="panel-head">Task Queues</h3></div> <div class="panel-body"> Major updates are tweeted via <a href="https://twitter.com/fullstackpython">@fullstackpython</a>. <hr/> Need more detailed tutorials than you see here? <a href="http://www.deploypython.com/">Learn more about The Full Stack Python Guide to Deployments book.</a> </div> </div> </div></div> <hr/> </div> <div class="container"> <div class="footer pull-right"> <a href="http://www.mattmakai.com/" class="underline">Matt Makai</a> 2015 </div> </div> <script> (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){ (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o), m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m) })(window,document,'script','//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga'); ga('create', 'UA-19910497-7', 'auto'); ga('send', 'pageview'); </script> <script type='text/javascript'> var trackOutboundLink = function(url) { ga('send', 'event', 'outbound', 'click', url, {'hitCallback': function () { document.location = url; } }); } </script> </body> </html> |
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