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GeezerVison is showing github.com — python-docs-id/tutorial/datastructures.po at 3.14 · python/python-docs-id Expand file tree/ Copy pathdatastructures.poMore file actions 1148 lines (1009 loc) · 41.5 KB / Copy pathdatastructures.poFile metadata and controls1148 lines (1009 loc) · 41.5 KB 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589 590 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 600 601 602 603 604 605 606 607 608 609 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 628 629 630 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 639 640 641 642 643 644 645 646 647 648 649 650 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 658 659 660 661 662 663 664 665 666 667 668 669 670 671 672 673 674 675 676 677 678 679 680 681 682 683 684 685 686 687 688 689 690 691 692 693 694 695 696 697 698 699 700 701 702 703 704 705 706 707 708 709 710 711 712 713 714 715 716 717 718 719 720 721 722 723 724 725 726 727 728 729 730 731 732 733 734 735 736 737 738 739 740 741 742 743 744 745 746 747 748 749 750 751 752 753 754 755 756 757 758 759 760 761 762 763 764 765 766 767 768 769 770 771 772 773 774 775 776 777 778 779 780 781 782 783 784 785 786 787 788 789 790 791 792 793 794 795 796 797 798 799 800 801 802 803 804 805 806 807 808 809 810 811 812 813 814 815 816 817 818 819 820 821 822 823 824 825 826 827 828 829 830 831 832 833 834 835 836 837 838 839 840 841 842 843 844 845 846 847 848 849 850 851 852 853 854 855 856 857 858 859 860 861 862 863 864 865 866 867 868 869 870 871 872 873 874 875 876 877 878 879 880 881 882 883 884 885 886 887 888 889 890 891 892 893 894 895 896 897 898 899 900 901 902 903 904 905 906 907 908 909 910 911 912 913 914 915 916 917 918 919 920 921 922 923 924 925 926 927 928 929 930 931 932 933 934 935 936 937 938 939 940 941 942 943 944 945 946 947 948 949 950 951 952 953 954 955 956 957 958 959 960 961 962 963 964 965 966 967 968 969 970 971 972 973 974 975 976 977 978 979 980 981 982 983 984 985 986 987 988 989 990 991 992 993 994 995 996 997 998 999 1000 # SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. # Copyright (C) 2001 Python Software Foundation # This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. # FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR. # # Translators: # python-doc bot, 2025 # Hengky Kurniawan, 2025 # #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: Python 3.15\n" "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2026-10-25 17:19+0000\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 2025-09-16 00:02+0000\n" "Last-Translator: Hengky Kurniawan, 2025\n" "Language-Team: Indonesian (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/" "id/)\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" "Language: id\n" "Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" msgid "Data Structures" msgstr "Struktur Data" msgid "" "This chapter describes some things you've learned about already in more " "detail, and adds some new things as well." msgstr "" "Bab ini menjelaskan beberapa hal yang telah Anda pelajari secara lebih " "rinci, dan menambahkan beberapa hal baru juga." msgid "More on Lists" msgstr "Lebih Lanjut tentang Daftar *Lists*" msgid "" "The :ref:`list <typesseq-list>` data type has some more methods. Here are " "all of the methods of list objects:" msgstr "" msgid "Add an item to the end of the list. Similar to ``a[len(a):] = [x]``." msgstr "" msgid "" "Extend the list by appending all the items from the iterable. Similar to " "``a[len(a):] = iterable``." msgstr "" msgid "" "Insert an item at a given position. The first argument is the index of the " "element before which to insert, so ``a.insert(0, x)`` inserts at the front " "of the list, and ``a.insert(len(a), x)`` is equivalent to ``a.append(x)``." msgstr "" "Masukkan item pada posisi tertentu. Argumen pertama adalah indeks elemen " "sebelum memasukkan, jadi ``a.insert(0, x)`` memasukkan di bagian depan " "daftar *list*, dan ``a.insert(len(a), x)`` sama dengan ``a.append(x)``." msgid "" "Remove the first item from the list whose value is equal to *value*. It " "raises a :exc:`ValueError` if there is no such item." msgstr "" msgid "" "Remove the item at the given position in the list, and return it. If no " "index is specified, ``a.pop()`` removes and returns the last item in the " "list. It raises an :exc:`IndexError` if the list is empty or the index is " "outside the list range." msgstr "" msgid "Remove all items from the list. Similar to ``del a[:]``." msgstr "" msgid "" "Return zero-based index of the first occurrence of *value* in the list. " "Raises a :exc:`ValueError` if there is no such item." msgstr "" msgid "" "The optional arguments *start* and *end* are interpreted as in the slice " "notation and are used to limit the search to a particular subsequence of the " "list. The returned index is computed relative to the beginning of the full " "sequence rather than the *start* argument." msgstr "" "Argumen opsional *start* dan *end* ditafsirkan seperti dalam notasi *slice* " "dan digunakan untuk membatasi pencarian ke urutan tertentu dari daftar. " "Indeks yang dikembalikan dihitung relatif terhadap awal urutan penuh " "daripada argumen *start*." msgid "Return the number of times *value* appears in the list." msgstr "" msgid "" "Sort the items of the list in place (the arguments can be used for sort " "customization, see :func:`sorted` for their explanation)." msgstr "" "Urutkan item daftar di tempat (argumen dapat digunakan untuk mengurutkan " "ubahsuaian *customization*, lihat :func:`sorted` untuk penjelasannya)." msgid "Reverse the elements of the list in place." msgstr "Balikkan elemen daftar *list* di tempatnya." msgid "Return a shallow copy of the list. Similar to ``a[:]``." msgstr "" msgid "An example that uses most of the list methods::" msgstr "Contoh yang menggunakan sebagian besar metode daftar *list*::" msgid "" ">>> fruits = ['orange', 'apple', 'pear', 'banana', 'kiwi', 'apple', " "'banana']\n" ">>> fruits.count('apple')\n" "2\n" ">>> fruits.count('tangerine')\n" "0\n" ">>> fruits.index('banana')\n" "3\n" ">>> fruits.index('banana', 4) # Find next banana starting at position 4\n" "6\n" ">>> fruits.reverse()\n" ">>> fruits\n" "['banana', 'apple', 'kiwi', 'banana', 'pear', 'apple', 'orange']\n" ">>> fruits.append('grape')\n" ">>> fruits\n" "['banana', 'apple', 'kiwi', 'banana', 'pear', 'apple', 'orange', 'grape']\n" ">>> fruits.sort()\n" ">>> fruits\n" "['apple', 'apple', 'banana', 'banana', 'grape', 'kiwi', 'orange', 'pear']\n" ">>> fruits.pop()\n" "'pear'" msgstr "" msgid "" "You might have noticed that methods like ``insert``, ``remove`` or ``sort`` " "that only modify the list have no return value printed -- they return the " "default ``None``. [#]_ This is a design principle for all mutable data " "structures in Python." msgstr "" msgid "" "Another thing you might notice is that not all data can be sorted or " "compared. For instance, ``[None, 'hello', 10]`` doesn't sort because " "integers can't be compared to strings and ``None`` can't be compared to " "other types. Also, there are some types that don't have a defined ordering " "relation. For example, ``3+4j < 5+7j`` isn't a valid comparison." msgstr "" msgid "Using Lists as Stacks" msgstr "Menggunakan Daftar *Lists* sebagai Tumpukan *Stacks*" msgid "" "The list methods make it very easy to use a list as a stack, where the last " "element added is the first element retrieved (\"last-in, first-out\"). To " "add an item to the top of the stack, use :meth:`~list.append`. To retrieve " "an item from the top of the stack, use :meth:`~list.pop` without an explicit " "index. For example::" msgstr "" msgid "" ">>> stack = [3, 4, 5]\n" ">>> stack.append(6)\n" ">>> stack.append(7)\n" ">>> stack\n" "[3, 4, 5, 6, 7]\n" ">>> stack.pop()\n" "7\n" ">>> stack\n" "[3, 4, 5, 6]\n" ">>> stack.pop()\n" "6\n" ">>> stack.pop()\n" "5\n" ">>> stack\n" "[3, 4]" msgstr "" msgid "Using Lists as Queues" msgstr "Menggunakan Daftar *Lists* sebagai Antrian *Queues*" msgid "" "It is also possible to use a list as a queue, where the first element added " "is the first element retrieved (\"first-in, first-out\"); however, lists are " "not efficient for this purpose. While appends and pops from the end of list " "are fast, doing inserts or pops from the beginning of a list is slow " "(because all of the other elements have to be shifted by one). " "See :ref:`time-complexity` for more information." msgstr "" msgid "" "To implement a queue, use :class:`collections.deque` which was designed to " "have fast appends and pops from both ends. For example::" msgstr "" "Untuk mengimplementasikan antrian, gunakan :class:`collections.deque` yang " "dirancang untuk menambahkan dan muncul dengan cepat dari kedua ujungnya. " "Sebagai contoh::" msgid "" ">>> from collections import deque\n" ">>> queue = deque([\"Eric\", \"John\", \"Michael\"])\n" ">>> queue.append(\"Terry\") # Terry arrives\n" ">>> queue.append(\"Graham\") # Graham arrives\n" ">>> queue.popleft() # The first to arrive now leaves\n" "'Eric'\n" ">>> queue.popleft() # The second to arrive now leaves\n" "'John'\n" ">>> queue # Remaining queue in order of arrival\n" "deque(['Michael', 'Terry', 'Graham'])" msgstr "" msgid "List Comprehensions" msgstr "Daftar *List* *Comprehensions*" msgid "" "List comprehensions provide a concise way to create lists. Common " "applications are to make new lists where each element is the result of some " "operations applied to each member of another sequence or iterable, or to " "create a subsequence of those elements that satisfy a certain condition." msgstr "" "Pemahaman daftar *list comprehensions* menyediakan cara singkat untuk " "membuat daftar. Aplikasi umum adalah membuat daftar baru di mana setiap " "elemen adalah hasil dari beberapa operasi yang diterapkan pada setiap " "anggota dari urutan lain atau *iterable*, atau untuk membuat urutan elemen-" "elemen yang memenuhi kondisi tertentu." msgid "For example, assume we want to create a list of squares, like::" msgstr "Misalnya, anggap kita ingin membuat daftar kotak, seperti::" msgid "" ">>> squares = []\n" ">>> for x in range(10):\n" "... squares.append(x**2)\n" "...\n" ">>> squares\n" "[0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81]" msgstr "" msgid "" "Note that this creates (or overwrites) a variable named ``x`` that still " "exists after the loop completes. We can calculate the list of squares " "without any side effects using::" msgstr "" "Perhatikan bahwa ini membuat (atau menimpa) variabel bernama ``x`` yang " "masih ada setelah loop selesai. Kami dapat menghitung daftar kotak tanpa " "efek samping menggunakan::" msgid "squares = list(map(lambda x: x**2, range(10)))" msgstr "" msgid "or, equivalently::" msgstr "atau, dengan kata lain::" msgid "squares = [x**2 for x in range(10)]" msgstr "" msgid "which is more concise and readable." msgstr "yang lebih ringkas dan mudah dibaca." msgid "" "A list comprehension consists of brackets containing an expression followed " "by a :keyword:`!for` clause, then zero or more :keyword:`!for` or :keyword:`!" "if` clauses. The result will be a new list resulting from evaluating the " "expression in the context of the :keyword:`!for` and :keyword:`!if` clauses " "which follow it. For example, this listcomp combines the elements of two " "lists if they are not equal::" msgstr "" "Pemahaman daftar *list comprehension* terdiri dari tanda kurung yang berisi " "ekspresi diikuti oleh klausa :keyword:`!for`, lalu nol atau lebih " "klausa :keyword:`!for` atau :keyword:`!if`. Hasilnya akan menjadi daftar " "baru yang dihasilkan dari mengevaluasi ekspresi dalam konteks dari " "klausa :keyword:`!for` dan :keyword:`!if` yang mengikutinya. Sebagai contoh, " "*listcomp* ini menggabungkan elemen dari dua daftar jika tidak sama::" msgid "" ">>> [(x, y) for x in [1,2,3] for y in [3,1,4] if x != y]\n" "[(1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 3), (2, 1), (2, 4), (3, 1), (3, 4)]" msgstr "" msgid "and it's equivalent to::" msgstr "dan itu setara dengan::" msgid "" ">>> combs = []\n" ">>> for x in [1,2,3]:\n" "... for y in [3,1,4]:\n" "... if x != y:\n" "... combs.append((x, y))\n" "...\n" ">>> combs\n" "[(1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 3), (2, 1), (2, 4), (3, 1), (3, 4)]" msgstr "" msgid "" "Note how the order of the :keyword:`for` and :keyword:`if` statements is the " "same in both these snippets." msgstr "" "Perhatikan bagaimana urutan pernyataan :keyword:`for` dan :keyword:`if` " "adalah sama di kedua cuplikan ini." msgid "" "If the expression is a tuple (e.g. the ``(x, y)`` in the previous example), " "it must be parenthesized. ::" msgstr "" "Jika ekspresi adalah tuple (mis. ``(x, y)`` dalam contoh sebelumnya), " "ekspresi tersebut harus diberi kurung. ::" msgid "" ">>> vec = [-4, -2, 0, 2, 4]\n" ">>> # create a new list with the values doubled\n" ">>> [x*2 for x in vec]\n" "[-8, -4, 0, 4, 8]\n" ">>> # filter the list to exclude negative numbers\n" ">>> [x for x in vec if x >= 0]\n" "[0, 2, 4]\n" ">>> # apply a function to all the elements\n" ">>> [abs(x) for x in vec]\n" "[4, 2, 0, 2, 4]\n" ">>> # call a method on each element\n" ">>> freshfruit = [' banana', ' loganberry ', 'passion fruit ']\n" ">>> [weapon.strip() for weapon in freshfruit]\n" "['banana', 'loganberry', 'passion fruit']\n" ">>> # create a list of 2-tuples like (number, square)\n" ">>> [(x, x**2) for x in range(6)]\n" "[(0, 0), (1, 1), (2, 4), (3, 9), (4, 16), (5, 25)]\n" ">>> # the tuple must be parenthesized, otherwise an error is raised\n" ">>> [x, x**2 for x in range(6)]\n" " File \"<stdin>\", line 1\n" " [x, x**2 for x in range(6)]\n" " ^^^^^^^\n" "SyntaxError: did you forget parentheses around the comprehension target?\n" ">>> # flatten a list using a listcomp with two 'for'\n" ">>> vec = [[1,2,3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9]]\n" ">>> [num for elem in vec for num in elem]\n" "[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]" msgstr "" msgid "" "List comprehensions can contain complex expressions and nested functions::" msgstr "" "Pemahaman daftar *list comprehensions* dapat berisi ekspresi kompleks dan " "fungsi bersarang::" msgid "" ">>> from math import pi\n" ">>> [str(round(pi, i)) for i in range(1, 6)]\n" "['3.1', '3.14', '3.142', '3.1416', '3.14159']" msgstr "" msgid "Nested List Comprehensions" msgstr "Pemahaman Daftar *List Comprehensions* Bersarang" msgid "" "The initial expression in a list comprehension can be any arbitrary " "expression, including another list comprehension." msgstr "" "Ekspresi awal dalam pemahaman daftar *list comprehension* dapat berupa " "ekspresi acak *arbitrary*, termasuk pemahaman daftar *list comprehension* " "lainnya." msgid "" "Consider the following example of a 3x4 matrix implemented as a list of 3 " "lists of length 4::" msgstr "" "Perhatikan contoh matriks 3x4 berikut yang diimplementasikan sebagai daftar " "*list* 3 dari daftar *list* panjang 4 ::" msgid "" ">>> matrix = [\n" "... [1, 2, 3, 4],\n" "... [5, 6, 7, 8],\n" "... [9, 10, 11, 12],\n" "... ]" msgstr "" msgid "The following list comprehension will transpose rows and columns::" msgstr "" "Pemahaman daftar *list comprehension* berikut akan mengubah baris dan kolom::" msgid "" ">>> [[row[i] for row in matrix] for i in range(4)]\n" "[[1, 5, 9], [2, 6, 10], [3, 7, 11], [4, 8, 12]]" msgstr "" msgid "" "As we saw in the previous section, the inner list comprehension is evaluated " "in the context of the :keyword:`for` that follows it, so this example is " "equivalent to::" msgstr "" msgid "" ">>> transposed = []\n" ">>> for i in range(4):\n" "... transposed.append([row[i] for row in matrix])\n" "...\n" ">>> transposed\n" "[[1, 5, 9], [2, 6, 10], [3, 7, 11], [4, 8, 12]]" msgstr "" msgid "which, in turn, is the same as::" msgstr "yang, pada gilirannya, sama dengan::" msgid "" ">>> transposed = []\n" ">>> for i in range(4):\n" "... # the following 3 lines implement the nested listcomp\n" "... transposed_row = []\n" "... for row in matrix:\n" "... transposed_row.append(row[i])\n" "... transposed.append(transposed_row)\n" "...\n" ">>> transposed\n" "[[1, 5, 9], [2, 6, 10], [3, 7, 11], [4, 8, 12]]" msgstr "" msgid "" "In the real world, you should prefer built-in functions to complex flow " "statements. The :func:`zip` function would do a great job for this use case::" msgstr "" "Di dunia nyata, Anda harus memilih fungsi bawaan untuk pernyataan aliran " "*flow* yang kompleks. Fungsi :func:`zip` akan melakukan pekerjaan yang baik " "untuk kasus penggunaan ini::" msgid "" ">>> list(zip(*matrix))\n" "[(1, 5, 9), (2, 6, 10), (3, 7, 11), (4, 8, 12)]" msgstr "" msgid "" "See :ref:`tut-unpacking-arguments` for details on the asterisk in this line." msgstr "" "Lihat :ref:`tut-unpacking-arguments` untuk detail tentang tanda bintang " "*asterisk* di baris ini." msgid "Unpacking in Lists and List Comprehensions" msgstr "" msgid "" "The section on :ref:`tut-unpacking-arguments` describes the use of ``*`` to " "\"unpack\" the elements of an iterable object, providing each one separately " "as an argument to a function. Unpacking can also be used in other contexts, " "for example, when creating lists. When specifying elements of a list, " "prefixing an expression by a ``*`` will unpack the result of that " "expression, adding each of its elements to the list we're creating::" msgstr "" msgid "" ">>> x = [1, 2, 3]\n" ">>> [0, *x, 4, 5, 6]\n" "[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]" msgstr "" msgid "" "This only works if the expression following the ``*`` evaluates to an " "iterable object; trying to unpack a non-iterable object will raise an " "exception::" msgstr "" msgid "" ">>> x = 1\n" ">>> [0, *x, 2, 3, 4]\n" "Traceback (most recent call last):\n" " File \"<python-input-1>\", line 1, in <module>\n" " [0, *x, 2, 3, 4]\n" "TypeError: Value after * must be an iterable, not int" msgstr "" msgid "" "Unpacking can also be used in list comprehensions, as a way to build a new " "list representing the concatenation of an arbitrary number of iterables::" msgstr "" msgid "" ">>> x = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [], [7], [8, 9]]\n" ">>> [*element for element in x]\n" "[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]" msgstr "" msgid "" "Note that the effect is that each element from ``x`` is unpacked. This " "works for arbitrary iterable objects, not just lists::" msgstr "" msgid "" ">>> x = [[1, 2, 3], 'cat', {'spam': 'eggs'}]\n" ">>> [*element for element in x]\n" "[1, 2, 3, 'c', 'a', 't', 'spam']" msgstr "" msgid "" "But if the objects in ``x`` are not iterable, this expression would again " "raise an exception." msgstr "" msgid "The :keyword:`!del` statement" msgstr "Pernyataan :keyword:`!del`" msgid "" "There is a way to remove an item from a list given its index instead of its " "value: the :keyword:`del` statement. This differs from " "the :meth:`~list.pop` method which returns a value. The :keyword:`!del` " "statement can also be used to remove slices from a list or clear the entire " "list (which we did earlier by assignment of an empty list to the slice). " "For example::" msgstr "" msgid "" ">>> a = [-1, 1, 66.25, 333, 333, 1234.5]\n" ">>> del a[0]\n" ">>> a\n" "[1, 66.25, 333, 333, 1234.5]\n" ">>> del a[2:4]\n" ">>> a\n" "[1, 66.25, 1234.5]\n" ">>> del a[:]\n" ">>> a\n" "[]" msgstr "" msgid ":keyword:`del` can also be used to delete entire variables::" msgstr ":keyword:`del` juga dapat digunakan untuk menghapus seluruh variabel::" msgid ">>> del a" msgstr "" msgid "" "Referencing the name ``a`` hereafter is an error (at least until another " "value is assigned to it). We'll find other uses for :keyword:`del` later." msgstr "" "Merujuk nama ``a`` selanjutnya adalah kesalahan (setidaknya sampai nilai " "lain ditetapkan untuknya). Kita akan menemukan kegunaan lain " "untuk :keyword:`del` nanti." msgid "Tuples and Sequences" msgstr "Tuples and *Urutan* Sequences" msgid "" "We saw that lists and strings have many common properties, such as indexing " "and slicing operations. They are two examples of *sequence* data types " "(see :ref:`typesseq`). Since Python is an evolving language, other sequence " "data types may be added. There is also another standard sequence data type: " "the *tuple*." msgstr "" "Kita melihat bahwa daftar *list* dan string memiliki banyak properti yang " "sama, seperti operasi pengindeksan dan pemotongan. Mereka adalah dua contoh " "tipe data *sequence* (lihat :ref:`typesseq`). Karena Python adalah bahasa " "yang berkembang, tipe data urutan lainnya dapat ditambahkan. Ada juga tipe " "data urutan standar lain: *tuple*." msgid "" "A tuple consists of a number of values separated by commas, for instance::" msgstr "" "Sebuah *tuple* terdiri dari sejumlah nilai yang dipisahkan oleh koma, " "misalnya::" msgid "" ">>> t = 12345, 54321, 'hello!'\n" ">>> t[0]\n" "12345\n" ">>> t\n" "(12345, 54321, 'hello!')\n" ">>> # Tuples may be nested:\n" ">>> u = t, (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)\n" ">>> u\n" "((12345, 54321, 'hello!'), (1, 2, 3, 4, 5))\n" ">>> # Tuples are immutable:\n" ">>> t[0] = 88888\n" "Traceback (most recent call last):\n" " File \"<stdin>\", line 1, in <module>\n" "TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment\n" ">>> # but they can contain mutable objects:\n" ">>> v = ([1, 2, 3], [3, 2, 1])\n" ">>> v\n" "([1, 2, 3], [3, 2, 1])\n" ">>> # they support unpacking just like lists:\n" ">>> x = [1, 2, 3]\n" ">>> 0, *x, 4\n" "(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)" msgstr "" msgid "" "As you see, on output tuples are always enclosed in parentheses, so that " "nested tuples are interpreted correctly; they may be input with or without " "surrounding parentheses, although often parentheses are necessary anyway (if " "the tuple is part of a larger expression). It is not possible to assign to " "the individual items of a tuple, however it is possible to create tuples " "which contain mutable objects, such as lists." msgstr "" "Seperti yang Anda lihat, pada *tuple* keluaran selalu tertutup dalam tanda " "kurung, sehingga *tuple* bersarang *nester* ditafsirkan dengan benar; mereka " "mungkin dimasukkan dengan atau tanpa tanda kurung di sekitarnya, meskipun " "seringkali tanda kurung diperlukan pula (jika tuple adalah bagian dari " "ekspresi yang lebih besar). Tidak mungkin untuk memberikan nilai ke masing-" "masing item *tuple*, namun dimungkinkan untuk membuat tuple yang berisi " "objek yang bisa berubah *mutable*, seperti daftar." msgid "" "Though tuples may seem similar to lists, they are often used in different " "situations and for different purposes. Tuples are :term:`immutable`, and " "usually contain a heterogeneous sequence of elements that are accessed via " "unpacking (see later in this section) or indexing (or even by attribute in " "the case of :func:`namedtuples <collections.namedtuple>`). Lists " "are :term:`mutable`, and their elements are usually homogeneous and are " "accessed by iterating over the list." msgstr "" "Meskipun *tuple* mungkin mirip dengan daftar, *tuple* sering digunakan dalam " "situasi yang berbeda dan untuk tujuan yang berbeda. *Tuples* " "adalah :term:`immutable`, dan biasanya berisi urutan elemen yang heterogen " "yang diakses melalui *unpacking* (lihat nanti di bagian ini) atau " "pengindeksan (atau bahkan berdasarkan atribut dalam kasus " "<collections.namedtuple>`). Daftar adalah :term:`mutable`, dan elemen-" "elemennya biasanya homogen dan diakses dengan menyusuri *iterating* daftar " "*list*." msgid "" "A special problem is the construction of tuples containing 0 or 1 items: the " "syntax has some extra quirks to accommodate these. Empty tuples are " "constructed by an empty pair of parentheses; a tuple with one item is " "constructed by following a value with a comma (it is not sufficient to " "enclose a single value in parentheses). Ugly, but effective. For example::" msgstr "" "Masalah khusus adalah pembangunan *tuple* yang mengandung 0 atau 1 item: " "sintaksis memiliki beberapa kebiasaan *quirks* tambahan untuk mengakomodasi " "ini. *Tuple* kosong dibangun oleh sepasang kurung kosong; tupel dengan satu " "item dikonstruksi dengan mengikuti nilai dengan koma (tidak cukup untuk " "menyertakan nilai tunggal dalam tanda kurung). Jelek, tapi efektif. Sebagai " "contoh::" msgid "" ">>> empty = ()\n" ">>> singleton = 'hello', # <-- note trailing comma\n" ">>> len(empty)\n" "0\n" ">>> len(singleton)\n" "1\n" ">>> singleton\n" "('hello',)" msgstr "" msgid "" "The statement ``t = 12345, 54321, 'hello!'`` is an example of *tuple " "packing*: the values ``12345``, ``54321`` and ``'hello!'`` are packed " "together in a tuple. The reverse operation is also possible::" msgstr "" "Pernyataan ``t = 12345, 54321, 'hello!'`` Adalah contoh dari *tuple " "packing*: nilainya ``12345``, ``54321`` dan ``'hello!'`` Dikemas bersama-" "sama dalam *tuple*. Operasi terbalik juga dimungkinkan ::" msgid ">>> x, y, z = t" msgstr "" msgid "" "This is called, appropriately enough, *sequence unpacking* and works for any " "sequence on the right-hand side. Sequence unpacking requires that there are " "as many variables on the left side of the equals sign as there are elements " "in the sequence. Note that multiple assignment is really just a combination " "of tuple packing and sequence unpacking." msgstr "" "Ini disebut, cukup tepat, urutan membongkar *sequence unpacking* dan " "berfungsi untuk setiap urutan di sisi kanan. Urutan membongkar mensyaratkan " "bahwa ada banyak variabel di sisi kiri tanda sama dengan ada elemen dalam " "urutan. Perhatikan bahwa banyak tugas benar-benar hanya kombinasi dari " "*tuple packing* dan urutan pembongkaran *sequence unpacking*." msgid "Sets" msgstr "Himpunan *Set*" msgid "" "Python also includes a data type for :ref:`sets <types-set>`. A set is an " "unordered collection with no duplicate elements. Basic uses include " "membership testing and eliminating duplicate entries. Set objects also " "support mathematical operations like union, intersection, difference, and " "symmetric difference." msgstr "" msgid "" "Curly braces or the :func:`set` function can be used to create sets. Note: " "to create an empty set you have to use ``set()``, not ``{}``; the latter " "creates an empty dictionary, a data structure that we discuss in the next " "section." msgstr "" "Kurung kurawal atau fungsi :func:`set` dapat digunakan untuk membuat " "himpunan. Catatan: untuk membuat himpunan kosong Anda harus menggunakan " "``set()``, bukan ``{}``; yang terakhir itu membuat kamus *dictionary* " "kosong, struktur data yang kita bahas di bagian selanjutnya." msgid "" "Because sets are unordered, iterating over them or printing them can produce " "the elements in a different order than you expect." msgstr "" msgid "Here is a brief demonstration::" msgstr "Berikut ini adalah demonstrasi singkat::" msgid "" ">>> basket = {'apple', 'orange', 'apple', 'pear', 'orange', 'banana'}\n" ">>> print(basket) # show that duplicates have been " "removed\n" "{'orange', 'banana', 'pear', 'apple'}\n" ">>> 'orange' in basket # fast membership testing\n" "True\n" ">>> 'crabgrass' in basket\n" "False\n" "\n" ">>> # Demonstrate set operations on unique letters from two words\n" ">>>\n" ">>> a = set('abracadabra')\n" ">>> b = set('alacazam')\n" ">>> a # unique letters in a\n" "{'a', 'r', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n" ">>> a - b # letters in a but not in b\n" "{'r', 'd', 'b'}\n" ">>> a | b # letters in a or b or both\n" "{'a', 'c', 'r', 'd', 'b', 'm', 'z', 'l'}\n" ">>> a & b # letters in both a and b\n" "{'a', 'c'}\n" ">>> a ^ b # letters in a or b but not both\n" "{'r', 'd', 'b', 'm', 'z', 'l'}" msgstr "" msgid "" "Similarly to :ref:`list comprehensions <tut-listcomps>`, set comprehensions " "are also supported, including comprehensions with unpacking::" msgstr "" msgid "" ">>> a = {x for x in 'abracadabra' if x not in 'abc'}\n" ">>> a\n" "{'r', 'd'}\n" "\n" ">>> fruits = [{'apple', 'avocado', 'apricot'}, {'banana', 'blueberry'}]\n" ">>> {*fruit for fruit in fruits}\n" "{'blueberry', 'banana', 'avocado', 'apple', 'apricot'}" msgstr "" msgid "Dictionaries" msgstr "Kamus *Dictionaries*" msgid "" "Another useful data type built into Python is the *dictionary* " "(see :ref:`typesmapping`). Dictionaries are sometimes found in other " "languages as \"associative memories\" or \"associative arrays\". Unlike " "sequences, which are indexed by a range of numbers, dictionaries are indexed " "by *keys*, which can be any immutable type; strings and numbers can always " "be keys. Tuples can be used as keys if they contain only strings, numbers, " "or tuples; if a tuple contains any mutable object either directly or " "indirectly, it cannot be used as a key. You can't use lists as keys, since " "lists can be modified in place using index assignments, slice assignments, " "or methods like :meth:`~list.append` and :meth:`~list.extend`." msgstr "" msgid "" "It is best to think of a dictionary as a set of *key: value* pairs, with the " "requirement that the keys are unique (within one dictionary). A pair of " "braces creates an empty dictionary: ``{}``. Placing a comma-separated list " "of key:value pairs within the braces adds initial key:value pairs to the " "dictionary; this is also the way dictionaries are written on output." msgstr "" "Sebaiknya pikirkan kamus *dictionary* sebagai satu set *key: value* " "berpasangan, dengan persyaratan bahwa kunci tersebut unik (dalam satu kamus " "*dictionary*). Sepasang kurung kurawal membuat kamus *dictionary* kosong: " "``{}``. Menempatkan daftar pasangan kunci:nilai yang dipisah koma dalam " "kurung menambahkan pasangan kunci:nilai ke kamus *dictionary*; ini juga cara " "kamus *dictionary* ditulis pada keluaran." msgid "" "The main operations on a dictionary are storing a value with some key and " "extracting the value given the key. It is also possible to delete a " "key:value pair with ``del``. If you store using a key that is already in " "use, the old value associated with that key is forgotten." msgstr "" msgid "" "Extracting a value for a non-existent key by subscripting (``d[key]``) " "raises a :exc:`KeyError`. To avoid getting this error when trying to access " "a possibly non-existent key, use the :meth:`~dict.get` method instead, which " "returns ``None`` (or a specified default value) if the key is not in the " "dictionary." msgstr "" msgid "" "Performing ``list(d)`` on a dictionary returns a list of all the keys used " "in the dictionary, in insertion order (if you want it sorted, just use " "``sorted(d)`` instead). To check whether a single key is in the dictionary, " "use the :keyword:`in` keyword." msgstr "" "Melakukan ``list(d)`` pada kamus mengembalikan daftar *list* semua kunci " "yang digunakan dalam kamus, dalam urutan penyisipan (jika Anda ingin " "diurutkan, cukup gunakan ``sorted(d)`` sebagai gantinya). Untuk memeriksa " "apakah ada satu kunci dalam kamus, gunakan kaca kunci :keyword:`in`." msgid "Here is a small example using a dictionary::" msgstr "Ini adalah contoh kecil menggunakan kamus *dictionary*::" msgid "" ">>> tel = {'jack': 4098, 'sape': 4139}\n" ">>> tel['guido'] = 4127\n" ">>> tel\n" "{'jack': 4098, 'sape': 4139, 'guido': 4127}\n" ">>> tel['jack']\n" "4098\n" ">>> tel['irv']\n" "Traceback (most recent call last):\n" " File \"<stdin>\", line 1, in <module>\n" "KeyError: 'irv'\n" ">>> print(tel.get('irv'))\n" "None\n" ">>> del tel['sape']\n" ">>> tel['irv'] = 4127\n" ">>> tel\n" "{'jack': 4098, 'guido': 4127, 'irv': 4127}\n" ">>> list(tel)\n" "['jack', 'guido', 'irv']\n" ">>> sorted(tel)\n" "['guido', 'irv', 'jack']\n" ">>> 'guido' in tel\n" "True\n" ">>> 'jack' not in tel\n" "False" msgstr "" msgid "" "The :func:`dict` constructor builds dictionaries directly from sequences of " "key-value pairs::" msgstr "" "Pembangun *constructor* :func:`dict` membangun kamus langsung dari urutan " "pasangan kunci-nilai::" msgid "" ">>> dict([('sape', 4139), ('guido', 4127), ('jack', 4098)])\n" "{'sape': 4139, 'guido': 4127, 'jack': 4098}" msgstr "" msgid "" "In addition, dict comprehensions can be used to create dictionaries from " "arbitrary key and value expressions::" msgstr "" "Selain itu, pemahaman kamus *dict comprehensions* dapat digunakan untuk " "membuat kamus *dictionary* dari ekspresi kunci dan nilai acak *arbitrary*::" msgid "" ">>> {x: x**2 for x in (2, 4, 6)}\n" "{2: 4, 4: 16, 6: 36}" msgstr "" msgid "" "And dictionary unpacking (via ``**``) can be used to merge multiple " "dictionaries::" msgstr "" msgid "" ">>> odds = {i: i**2 for i in (1, 3, 5)}\n" ">>> evens = {i: i**2 for i in (2, 4, 6)}\n" ">>> {**odds, **evens}\n" "{1: 1, 3: 9, 5: 25, 2: 4, 4: 16, 6: 36}\n" "\n" ">>> all_values = [odds, evens, {0: 0}]\n" ">>> {**i for i in all_values}\n" "{1: 1, 3: 9, 5: 25, 2: 4, 4: 16, 6: 36, 0: 0}" msgstr "" msgid "" "When the keys are simple strings, it is sometimes easier to specify pairs " "using keyword arguments::" msgstr "" "Ketika kunci adalah string sederhana, kadang-kadang lebih mudah untuk " "menentukan pasangan menggunakan argumen kata kunci *keyword arguments*::" msgid "" ">>> dict(sape=4139, guido=4127, jack=4098)\n" "{'sape': 4139, 'guido': 4127, 'jack': 4098}" msgstr "" msgid "Looping Techniques" msgstr "Teknik Perulangan" msgid "" "When looping through dictionaries, the key and corresponding value can be " "retrieved at the same time using the :meth:`~dict.items` method. ::" msgstr "" msgid "" ">>> knights = {'gallahad': 'the pure', 'robin': 'the brave'}\n" ">>> for k, v in knights.items():\n" "... print(k, v)\n" "...\n" "gallahad the pure\n" "robin the brave" msgstr "" msgid "" "When looping through a sequence, the position index and corresponding value " "can be retrieved at the same time using the :func:`enumerate` function. ::" msgstr "" "Saat mengulang melalui urutan, indeks posisi dan nilai terkait dapat diambil " "pada saat yang sama menggunakan fungsi :func:`enumerate`. ::" msgid "" ">>> for i, v in enumerate(['tic', 'tac', 'toe']):\n" "... print(i, v)\n" "...\n" "0 tic\n" "1 tac\n" "2 toe" msgstr "" msgid "" "To loop over two or more sequences at the same time, the entries can be " "paired with the :func:`zip` function. ::" msgstr "" "Untuk mengulang dua urutan atau lebih secara bersamaan, entri dapat " "dipasangkan dengan fungsi :func:`zip`. ::" msgid "" ">>> questions = ['name', 'quest', 'favorite color']\n" ">>> answers = ['lancelot', 'the holy grail', 'blue']\n" ">>> for q, a in zip(questions, answers):\n" "... print('What is your {0}? It is {1}.'.format(q, a))\n" "...\n" "What is your name? It is lancelot.\n" "What is your quest? It is the holy grail.\n" "What is your favorite color? It is blue." msgstr "" msgid "" "To loop over a sequence in reverse, first specify the sequence in a forward " "direction and then call the :func:`reversed` function. ::" msgstr "" "Untuk mengulang urutan secara terbalik, pertama tentukan urutan dalam arah " "maju dan kemudian panggil fungsi :func:`reversed`. ::" msgid "" ">>> for i in reversed(range(1, 10, 2)):\n" "... print(i)\n" "...\n" "9\n" "7\n" "5\n" "3\n" "1" msgstr "" msgid "" "To loop over a sequence in sorted order, use the :func:`sorted` function " "which returns a new sorted list while leaving the source unaltered. ::" msgstr "" "Untuk mengulangi sebuah urutan *sequence* dalam susunan yang diurutkan, " "gunakan fungsi :func:`sorted` yang mengembalikan daftar terurut baru dengan " "membiarkan sumber tidak diubah. ::" msgid "" ">>> basket = ['apple', 'orange', 'apple', 'pear', 'orange', 'banana']\n" ">>> for i in sorted(basket):\n" "... print(i)\n" "...\n" "apple\n" "apple\n" "banana\n" "orange\n" "orange\n" "pear" msgstr "" msgid "" "Using :func:`set` on a sequence eliminates duplicate elements. The use " "of :func:`sorted` in combination with :func:`set` over a sequence is an " "idiomatic way to loop over unique elements of the sequence in sorted " "order. ::" msgstr "" "Menggunakan :func:`set` pada sebuah urutan dapat menghilangkan elemen-elemen " "yang duplikat. Penggunaan :func:`sorted` yang dikombinasikan " "dengan :func:`set` terhadap sebuah urutan merupakan cara idiomatik untuk " "*loop* dari elemen-elemen unik dari urutan yang diurutkan. ::" msgid "" ">>> basket = ['apple', 'orange', 'apple', 'pear', 'orange', 'banana']\n" ">>> for f in sorted(set(basket)):\n" "... print(f)\n" "...\n" "apple\n" "banana\n" "orange\n" "pear" msgstr "" msgid "" "It is sometimes tempting to change a list while you are looping over it; " "however, it is often simpler and safer to create a new list instead. ::" msgstr "" "Terkadang tergoda untuk mengubah daftar *list* saat Anda mengulanginya; " "namun, seringkali lebih mudah dan aman untuk membuat daftar *list* baru. ::" msgid "" ">>> import math\n" ">>> raw_data = [56.2, float('NaN'), 51.7, 55.3, 52.5, float('NaN'), 47.8]\n" ">>> filtered_data = []\n" ">>> for value in raw_data:\n" "... if not math.isnan(value):\n" "... filtered_data.append(value)\n" "...\n" |
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