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GeezerVison is showing github.com — python-docs-ja/extending/newtypes.po at 3.14 · python/python-docs-ja Expand file tree/ Copy pathnewtypes.poMore file actions 1472 lines (1354 loc) · 61.7 KB / Copy pathnewtypes.poFile metadata and controls1472 lines (1354 loc) · 61.7 KB 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589 590 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 600 601 602 603 604 605 606 607 608 609 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 628 629 630 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 639 640 641 642 643 644 645 646 647 648 649 650 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 658 659 660 661 662 663 664 665 666 667 668 669 670 671 672 673 674 675 676 677 678 679 680 681 682 683 684 685 686 687 688 689 690 691 692 693 694 695 696 697 698 699 700 701 702 703 704 705 706 707 708 709 710 711 712 713 714 715 716 717 718 719 720 721 722 723 724 725 726 727 728 729 730 731 732 733 734 735 736 737 738 739 740 741 742 743 744 745 746 747 748 749 750 751 752 753 754 755 756 757 758 759 760 761 762 763 764 765 766 767 768 769 770 771 772 773 774 775 776 777 778 779 780 781 782 783 784 785 786 787 788 789 790 791 792 793 794 795 796 797 798 799 800 801 802 803 804 805 806 807 808 809 810 811 812 813 814 815 816 817 818 819 820 821 822 823 824 825 826 827 828 829 830 831 832 833 834 835 836 837 838 839 840 841 842 843 844 845 846 847 848 849 850 851 852 853 854 855 856 857 858 859 860 861 862 863 864 865 866 867 868 869 870 871 872 873 874 875 876 877 878 879 880 881 882 883 884 885 886 887 888 889 890 891 892 893 894 895 896 897 898 899 900 901 902 903 904 905 906 907 908 909 910 911 912 913 914 915 916 917 918 919 920 921 922 923 924 925 926 927 928 929 930 931 932 933 934 935 936 937 938 939 940 941 942 943 944 945 946 947 948 949 950 951 952 953 954 955 956 957 958 959 960 961 962 963 964 965 966 967 968 969 970 971 972 973 974 975 976 977 978 979 980 981 982 983 984 985 986 987 988 989 990 991 992 993 994 995 996 997 998 999 1000 # SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. # Copyright (C) 2001 Python Software Foundation # This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. # FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR. # # Translators: # python-doc bot, 2025 # Cheesecake, 2025 # #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: Python 3.15\n" "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2026-10-01 19:07+0000\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 2025-09-16 00:00+0000\n" "Last-Translator: Cheesecake, 2025\n" "Language-Team: Japanese (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/" "ja/)\n" "Language: ja\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" "Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" #: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:7 msgid "Defining Extension Types: Assorted Topics" msgstr "拡張の型の定義: 雑多なトピック" #: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:11 msgid "" "This section aims to give a quick fly-by on the various type methods you can " "implement and what they do." msgstr "" "この節ではさまざまな実装可能なタイプメソッドと、それらが何をするものであるか" "について、ざっと説明します。" #: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:14 msgid "" "Here is the definition of :c:type:`PyTypeObject`, with some fields only used " "in :ref:`debug builds <debug-build>` omitted:" msgstr "" "以下は :c:type:`PyTypeObject` の定義です。 :ref:`デバッグビルド <debug-" "build>` でしか使われないいくつかのメンバは省いてあります:" msgid "" "typedef struct _typeobject {\n" " PyObject_VAR_HEAD\n" " const char *tp_name; /* For printing, in format \"<module>.<name>\" */\n" " Py_ssize_t tp_basicsize, tp_itemsize; /* For allocation */\n" "\n" " /* Methods to implement standard operations */\n" "\n" " destructor tp_dealloc;\n" " Py_ssize_t tp_vectorcall_offset;\n" " getattrfunc tp_getattr;\n" " setattrfunc tp_setattr;\n" " PyAsyncMethods *tp_as_async; /* formerly known as tp_compare (Python 2)\n" " or tp_reserved (Python 3) */\n" " reprfunc tp_repr;\n" "\n" " /* Method suites for standard classes */\n" "\n" " PyNumberMethods *tp_as_number;\n" " PySequenceMethods *tp_as_sequence;\n" " PyMappingMethods *tp_as_mapping;\n" "\n" " /* More standard operations (here for binary compatibility) */\n" "\n" " hashfunc tp_hash;\n" " ternaryfunc tp_call;\n" " reprfunc tp_str;\n" " getattrofunc tp_getattro;\n" " setattrofunc tp_setattro;\n" "\n" " /* Functions to access object as input/output buffer */\n" " PyBufferProcs *tp_as_buffer;\n" "\n" " /* Flags to define presence of optional/expanded features */\n" " unsigned long tp_flags;\n" "\n" " const char *tp_doc; /* Documentation string */\n" "\n" " /* Assigned meaning in release 2.0 */\n" " /* call function for all accessible objects */\n" " traverseproc tp_traverse;\n" "\n" " /* delete references to contained objects */\n" " inquiry tp_clear;\n" "\n" " /* Assigned meaning in release 2.1 */\n" " /* rich comparisons */\n" " richcmpfunc tp_richcompare;\n" "\n" " /* weak reference enabler */\n" " Py_ssize_t tp_weaklistoffset;\n" "\n" " /* Iterators */\n" " getiterfunc tp_iter;\n" " iternextfunc tp_iternext;\n" "\n" " /* Attribute descriptor and subclassing stuff */\n" " PyMethodDef *tp_methods;\n" " PyMemberDef *tp_members;\n" " PyGetSetDef *tp_getset;\n" " // Strong reference on a heap type, borrowed reference on a static type\n" " PyTypeObject *tp_base;\n" " PyObject *tp_dict;\n" " descrgetfunc tp_descr_get;\n" " descrsetfunc tp_descr_set;\n" " Py_ssize_t tp_dictoffset;\n" " initproc tp_init;\n" " allocfunc tp_alloc;\n" " newfunc tp_new;\n" " freefunc tp_free; /* Low-level free-memory routine */\n" " inquiry tp_is_gc; /* For PyObject_IS_GC */\n" " PyObject *tp_bases;\n" " PyObject *tp_mro; /* method resolution order */\n" " PyObject *tp_cache; /* no longer used */\n" " void *tp_subclasses; /* for static builtin types this is an index */\n" " PyObject *tp_weaklist; /* not used for static builtin types */\n" " destructor tp_del;\n" "\n" " /* Type attribute cache version tag. Added in version 2.6.\n" " * If zero, the cache is invalid and must be initialized.\n" " */\n" " unsigned int tp_version_tag;\n" "\n" " destructor tp_finalize;\n" " vectorcallfunc tp_vectorcall;\n" "\n" " /* bitset of which type-watchers care about this type */\n" " unsigned char tp_watched;\n" "\n" " /* Number of tp_version_tag values used.\n" " * Set to _Py_ATTR_CACHE_UNUSED if the attribute cache is\n" " * disabled for this type (e.g. due to custom MRO entries).\n" " * Otherwise, limited to MAX_VERSIONS_PER_CLASS (defined elsewhere).\n" " */\n" " uint16_t tp_versions_used;\n" "} PyTypeObject;\n" msgstr "" "typedef struct _typeobject {\n" " PyObject_VAR_HEAD\n" " const char *tp_name; /* 表示用。形式は \"<module>.<name>\" */\n" " Py_ssize_t tp_basicsize, tp_itemsize; /* 割り当て用 */\n" "\n" " /* 標準の操作を実装するメソッド */\n" "\n" " destructor tp_dealloc;\n" " Py_ssize_t tp_vectorcall_offset;\n" " getattrfunc tp_getattr;\n" " setattrfunc tp_setattr;\n" " PyAsyncMethods *tp_as_async; /* 以前の名前は tp_compare (Python 2)\n" " または tp_reserved (Python 3) */\n" " reprfunc tp_repr;\n" "\n" " /* 標準クラス用のメソッド群 */\n" "\n" " PyNumberMethods *tp_as_number;\n" " PySequenceMethods *tp_as_sequence;\n" " PyMappingMethods *tp_as_mapping;\n" "\n" " /* その他の標準の操作 (バイナリ互換性のためこの位置に配置) */\n" "\n" " hashfunc tp_hash;\n" " ternaryfunc tp_call;\n" " reprfunc tp_str;\n" " getattrofunc tp_getattro;\n" " setattrofunc tp_setattro;\n" "\n" " /* オブジェクトを入出力バッファとして扱う関数 */\n" " PyBufferProcs *tp_as_buffer;\n" "\n" " /* 任意機能や拡張機能の有無を定義するフラグ */\n" " unsigned long tp_flags;\n" "\n" " const char *tp_doc; /* ドキュメント文字列 */\n" "\n" " /* リリース 2.0 で意味を割り当て */\n" " /* アクセス可能な全オブジェクトについて関数を呼び出す */\n" " traverseproc tp_traverse;\n" "\n" " /* 保持するオブジェクトへの参照を削除する */\n" " inquiry tp_clear;\n" "\n" " /* リリース 2.1 で意味を割り当て */\n" " /* 拡張比較 */\n" " richcmpfunc tp_richcompare;\n" "\n" " /* 弱参照を有効にする */\n" " Py_ssize_t tp_weaklistoffset;\n" "\n" " /* イテレータ */\n" " getiterfunc tp_iter;\n" " iternextfunc tp_iternext;\n" "\n" " /* 属性デスクリプタとサブクラス化に関するもの */\n" " PyMethodDef *tp_methods;\n" " PyMemberDef *tp_members;\n" " PyGetSetDef *tp_getset;\n" " // ヒープ型では強参照、静的な型では借用参照\n" " PyTypeObject *tp_base;\n" " PyObject *tp_dict;\n" " descrgetfunc tp_descr_get;\n" " descrsetfunc tp_descr_set;\n" " Py_ssize_t tp_dictoffset;\n" " initproc tp_init;\n" " allocfunc tp_alloc;\n" " newfunc tp_new;\n" " freefunc tp_free; /* 低レベルのメモリ解放ルーチン */\n" " inquiry tp_is_gc; /* PyObject_IS_GC 用 */\n" " PyObject *tp_bases;\n" " PyObject *tp_mro; /* メソッド解決順序 */\n" " PyObject *tp_cache; /* 現在は未使用 */\n" " void *tp_subclasses; /* 静的な組み込み型ではインデックス */\n" " PyObject *tp_weaklist; /* 静的な組み込み型では未使用 */\n" " destructor tp_del;\n" "\n" " /* 型の属性キャッシュのバージョンタグ。バージョン 2.6 で追加。\n" " * ゼロならキャッシュは無効であり、初期化が必要。\n" " */\n" " unsigned int tp_version_tag;\n" "\n" " destructor tp_finalize;\n" " vectorcallfunc tp_vectorcall;\n" "\n" " /* この型に関心を持つ型ウォッチャーを表すビット集合 */\n" " unsigned char tp_watched;\n" "\n" " /* 使用された tp_version_tag 値の数。\n" " * 属性キャッシュがこの型で無効な場合は、\n" " * _Py_ATTR_CACHE_UNUSED に設定する (独自の MRO エントリーなどによる)。\n" " * それ以外の場合は MAX_VERSIONS_PER_CLASS (別の場所で定義) 以下。\n" " */\n" " uint16_t tp_versions_used;\n" "} PyTypeObject;\n" #: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:20 msgid "" "Now that's a *lot* of methods. Don't worry too much though -- if you have a " "type you want to define, the chances are very good that you will only " "implement a handful of these." msgstr "" "*たくさんの* メソッドがありますね。でもそんなに心配する必要はありません。定義" "したい型があるなら、実装するのはこのうちのごくわずかですむことがほとんどで" "す。" #: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:24 msgid "" "As you probably expect by now, we're going to go over this and give more " "information about the various handlers. We won't go in the order they are " "defined in the structure, because there is a lot of historical baggage that " "impacts the ordering of the fields. It's often easiest to find an example " "that includes the fields you need and then change the values to suit your " "new type. ::" msgstr "" "すでに予想されているでしょうが、この構造体について入念に見ていき、様々なハン" "ドラについてより詳しい情報を提供します。\n" "しかしこれらのメンバが構造体中で定義されている順番は無視します。というのは、" "これらのメンバの現れる順序は歴史的な遺産によるものだからです。\n" "多くの場合いちばん簡単なのは、必要とするメンバがすべて含まれている例をとって" "きて、新しく作る型に合わせて値を変更することです。 ::" msgid "const char *tp_name; /* For printing */" msgstr "const char *tp_name; /* 表示用 */" #: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:33 msgid "" "The name of the type -- as mentioned in the previous chapter, this will " "appear in various places, almost entirely for diagnostic purposes. Try to " "choose something that will be helpful in such a situation! ::" msgstr "" "これは型の名前です。前の章で説明したように、これは色々な場面で現れ、ほとんど" "は診断目的で使われるものです。\n" "それなので、そのような場面で役に立つであろう名前を選んでください! ::" msgid "Py_ssize_t tp_basicsize, tp_itemsize; /* For allocation */" msgstr "Py_ssize_t tp_basicsize, tp_itemsize; /* 割り当て用 */" #: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:39 msgid "" "These fields tell the runtime how much memory to allocate when new objects " "of this type are created. Python has some built-in support for variable " "length structures (think: strings, tuples) which is where " "the :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_itemsize` field comes in. This will be " "dealt with later. ::" msgstr "" "これらのフィールドは、この型のオブジェクトが新しく作成されるときにどれだけの" "メモリを割り当てればよいのかをランタイムに指示します。Python には可変長の構造" "体 (文字列やタプルなどを想像してください) に対する組み込みのサポートがある程" "度あり、ここで :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_itemsize` メンバが使われます。これ" "らについてはあとでふれます。 ::" msgid "const char *tp_doc;" msgstr "const char *tp_doc;" msgid "" "Here you can put a string (or its address) that you want returned when the " "Python script references ``obj.__doc__`` to retrieve the doc string." msgstr "" "ここには、Python スクリプトが ``obj.__doc__`` を参照してドキュメント文字列を" "取得するときに返す文字列 (またはそのアドレス) を設定します。" #: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:49 msgid "" "Now we come to the basic type methods -- the ones most extension types will " "implement." msgstr "" "では次に、型の基本的なメソッドに進みます。ほとんどの拡張の型がこのメソッドを" "実装します。" #: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:54 msgid "Finalization and De-allocation" msgstr "ファイナライズとメモリ解放" msgid "destructor tp_dealloc;" msgstr "destructor tp_dealloc;" #: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:66 msgid "" "This function is called when the reference count of the instance of your " "type is reduced to zero and the Python interpreter wants to reclaim it. If " "your type has memory to free or other clean-up to perform, you can put it " "here. The object itself needs to be freed here as well. Here is an example " "of this function::" msgstr "" "型のインスタンスの参照カウントがゼロになり、Python インタプリタがそれを潰して" "再利用したくなると、この関数が呼ばれます。解放すべきメモリをその型が保持して" "いたり、それ以外にも実行すべき後処理がある場合は、それらをここに入れられま" "す。オブジェクトそれ自体もここで解放される必要があります。この関数の例は、以" "下のようなものです::" msgid "" "static void\n" "newdatatype_dealloc(PyObject *op)\n" "{\n" " newdatatypeobject *self = (newdatatypeobject *) op;\n" " free(self->obj_UnderlyingDatatypePtr);\n" " Py_TYPE(self)->tp_free(self);\n" "}" msgstr "" "static void\n" "newdatatype_dealloc(PyObject *op)\n" "{\n" " newdatatypeobject *self = (newdatatypeobject *) op;\n" " free(self->obj_UnderlyingDatatypePtr);\n" " Py_TYPE(self)->tp_free(self);\n" "}" msgid "" "If your type supports garbage collection, the destructor should " "call :c:func:`PyObject_GC_UnTrack` before clearing any member fields::" msgstr "" "型がガベージコレクションをサポートする場合、デストラクタでは、メンバフィール" "ドをクリアする前に :c:func:`PyObject_GC_UnTrack` を呼び出す必要がありま" "す。 ::" msgid "" "static void\n" "newdatatype_dealloc(PyObject *op)\n" "{\n" " newdatatypeobject *self = (newdatatypeobject *) op;\n" " PyObject_GC_UnTrack(op);\n" " Py_CLEAR(self->other_obj);\n" " ...\n" " Py_TYPE(self)->tp_free(self);\n" "}" msgstr "" "static void\n" "newdatatype_dealloc(PyObject *op)\n" "{\n" " newdatatypeobject *self = (newdatatypeobject *) op;\n" " PyObject_GC_UnTrack(op);\n" " Py_CLEAR(self->other_obj);\n" " ...\n" " Py_TYPE(self)->tp_free(self);\n" "}" #: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:97 msgid "" "One important requirement of the deallocator function is that it leaves any " "pending exceptions alone. This is important since deallocators are " "frequently called as the interpreter unwinds the Python stack; when the " "stack is unwound due to an exception (rather than normal returns), nothing " "is done to protect the deallocators from seeing that an exception has " "already been set. Any actions which a deallocator performs which may cause " "additional Python code to be executed may detect that an exception has been " "set. This can lead to misleading errors from the interpreter. The proper " "way to protect against this is to save a pending exception before performing " "the unsafe action, and restoring it when done. This can be done using " "the :c:func:`PyErr_Fetch` and :c:func:`PyErr_Restore` functions::" msgstr "" "メモリ解放関数でひとつ重要なのは、処理待ちの例外にいっさい手をつけないことで" "す。なぜなら、解放用の関数は Python インタプリタがスタックを元の状態に戻すと" "きに呼ばれることが多いからです。そして (通常の関数からの復帰でなく) 例外のた" "めにスタックが巻き戻されるときは、すでに発生している例外からメモリ解放関数を" "守るものはありません。解放用の関数がおこなう動作が追加の Python のコードを実" "行してしまうと、それらは例外が発生していることを検知するかもしれません。これ" "はインタプリタが誤解させるエラーを発生させることにつながります。これを防ぐ正" "しい方法は、安全でない操作を実行する前に処理待ちの例外を保存しておき、終わっ" "たらそれを元に戻すことです。これは :c:func:`PyErr_Fetch` およ" "び :c:func:`PyErr_Restore` 関数を使うことによって可能になります::" msgid "" "static void\n" "my_dealloc(PyObject *obj)\n" "{\n" " MyObject *self = (MyObject *) obj;\n" " PyObject *cbresult;\n" "\n" " if (self->my_callback != NULL) {\n" " PyObject *err_type, *err_value, *err_traceback;\n" "\n" " /* This saves the current exception state */\n" " PyErr_Fetch(&err_type, &err_value, &err_traceback);\n" "\n" " cbresult = PyObject_CallNoArgs(self->my_callback);\n" " if (cbresult == NULL) {\n" " PyErr_WriteUnraisable(self->my_callback);\n" " }\n" " else {\n" " Py_DECREF(cbresult);\n" " }\n" "\n" " /* This restores the saved exception state */\n" " PyErr_Restore(err_type, err_value, err_traceback);\n" "\n" " Py_DECREF(self->my_callback);\n" " }\n" " Py_TYPE(self)->tp_free(self);\n" "}" msgstr "" "static void\n" "my_dealloc(PyObject *obj)\n" "{\n" " MyObject *self = (MyObject *) obj;\n" " PyObject *cbresult;\n" "\n" " if (self->my_callback != NULL) {\n" " PyObject *err_type, *err_value, *err_traceback;\n" "\n" " /* 現在の例外の状態を保存する */\n" " PyErr_Fetch(&err_type, &err_value, &err_traceback);\n" "\n" " cbresult = PyObject_CallNoArgs(self->my_callback);\n" " if (cbresult == NULL) {\n" " PyErr_WriteUnraisable(self->my_callback);\n" " }\n" " else {\n" " Py_DECREF(cbresult);\n" " }\n" "\n" " /* 保存した例外の状態を復元する */\n" " PyErr_Restore(err_type, err_value, err_traceback);\n" "\n" " Py_DECREF(self->my_callback);\n" " }\n" " Py_TYPE(self)->tp_free(self);\n" "}" msgid "" "There are limitations to what you can safely do in a deallocator function. " "First, if your type supports garbage collection " "(using :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_traverse` and/" "or :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_clear`), some of the object's members can " "have been cleared or finalized by the " "time :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dealloc` is called. Second, " "in :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dealloc`, your object is in an unstable " "state: its reference count is equal to zero. Any call to a non-trivial " "object or API (as in the example above) might end up " "calling :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dealloc` again, causing a double free " "and a crash." msgstr "" "メモリ解放関数で安全に行えることには制限があります。\n" "まず、型が " "(:c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_traverse`、:c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_clear` の" "一方または両方を使って) ガベージコレクションをサポートする場" "合、:c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dealloc` が呼ばれる時点で、オブジェクトの一部" "のメンバがすでにクリアされているか、ファイナライズされている可能性がありま" "す。\n" "また、:c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dealloc` の中ではオブジェクトの参照カウント" "がゼロになっており、不安定な状態にあります。\n" "上の例のような単純でないオブジェクトや API の呼び出し" "は、:c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dealloc` を再び呼び出し、二重解放によるクラッ" "シュを引き起こす可能性があります。" #: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:147 msgid "" "Starting with Python 3.4, it is recommended not to put any complex " "finalization code in :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dealloc`, and instead use " "the new :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_finalize` type method." msgstr "" "Python 3.4 からは、複雑なファイナライズのコード" "は :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dealloc` に置かず、代わりに新しく導入され" "た :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_finalize` という型メソッドを使うことが推奨され" "ています。" #: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:152 msgid ":pep:`442` explains the new finalization scheme." msgstr ":pep:`442` で新しいファイナライズの仕組みが説明されています。" #: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:159 msgid "Object Presentation" msgstr "オブジェクト表現" #: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:161 msgid "" "In Python, there are two ways to generate a textual representation of an " "object: the :func:`repr` function, and the :func:`str` function. " "(The :func:`print` function just calls :func:`str`.) These handlers are " "both optional." msgstr "" "Python では、オブジェクトの文字列表現を生成するのに 2つのやり方がありま" "す: :func:`repr` 関数を使う方法と、 :func:`str` 関数を使う方法です。 " "(:func:`print` 関数は単に :func:`str` を呼び出します。) これらのハンドラはど" "ちらも省略できます。" msgid "" "reprfunc tp_repr;\n" "reprfunc tp_str;" msgstr "" "reprfunc tp_repr;\n" "reprfunc tp_str;" #: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:170 msgid "" "The :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_repr` handler should return a string object " "containing a representation of the instance for which it is called. Here is " "a simple example::" msgstr "" ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_repr` ハンドラは呼び出されたインスタンスの文字列" "表現を格納した文字列オブジェクトを返す必要があります。簡単な例は以下のような" "ものです::" msgid "" "static PyObject *\n" "newdatatype_repr(PyObject *op)\n" "{\n" " newdatatypeobject *self = (newdatatypeobject *) op;\n" " return PyUnicode_FromFormat(\"Repr-ified_newdatatype{{size:%d}}\",\n" " self->obj_UnderlyingDatatypePtr->size);\n" "}" msgstr "" "static PyObject *\n" "newdatatype_repr(PyObject *op)\n" "{\n" " newdatatypeobject *self = (newdatatypeobject *) op;\n" " return PyUnicode_FromFormat(\"Repr-ified_newdatatype{{size:%d}}\",\n" " self->obj_UnderlyingDatatypePtr->size);\n" "}" msgid "" "If no :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_repr` handler is specified, the " "interpreter will supply a representation that uses the " "type's :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_name` and a uniquely identifying value " "for the object." msgstr "" ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_repr` ハンドラを指定しない場合、インタープリタは" "その型の :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_name` とオブジェクトを一意に識別する値を" "使った表現を生成します。" #: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:186 msgid "" "The :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_str` handler is to :func:`str` what " "the :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_repr` handler described above is " "to :func:`repr`; that is, it is called when Python code calls :func:`str` on " "an instance of your object. Its implementation is very similar to " "the :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_repr` function, but the resulting string is " "intended for human consumption. If :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_str` is not " "specified, the :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_repr` handler is used instead." msgstr "" ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_str` ハンドラと :func:`str` の関係は、上" "の :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_repr` ハンドラと :func:`repr` の関係に相当しま" "す。つまり、これは Python のコードがオブジェクトのインスタンスに対し" "て :func:`str` を呼び出したときに呼ばれます。この関数の実装" "は :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_repr` ハンドラのそれと非常に似ていますが、得ら" "れる文字列表現は人間が読むことを意図されていま" "す。 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_str` が指定されていない場合、かわり" "に :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_repr` ハンドラが使われます。" #: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:193 msgid "Here is a simple example::" msgstr "以下は簡単な例です::" msgid "" "static PyObject *\n" "newdatatype_str(PyObject *op)\n" "{\n" " newdatatypeobject *self = (newdatatypeobject *) op;\n" " return PyUnicode_FromFormat(\"Stringified_newdatatype{{size:%d}}\",\n" " self->obj_UnderlyingDatatypePtr->size);\n" "}" msgstr "" "static PyObject *\n" "newdatatype_str(PyObject *op)\n" "{\n" " newdatatypeobject *self = (newdatatypeobject *) op;\n" " return PyUnicode_FromFormat(\"Stringified_newdatatype{{size:%d}}\",\n" " self->obj_UnderlyingDatatypePtr->size);\n" "}" #: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:206 msgid "Attribute Management" msgstr "属性を管理する" msgid "" "For every object which can support attributes, the corresponding type must " "provide the functions that control how the attributes are resolved. There " "needs to be a function which can retrieve attributes (if any are defined), " "and another to set attributes (if setting attributes is allowed). Removing " "an attribute is a special case, for which the new value passed to the " "handler is ``NULL``." msgstr "" "属性を持つオブジェクトでは、対応する型が属性の解決方法を制御する関数を提供す" "る必要があります。\n" "属性を定義する場合は取得用の関数が、属性の設定を許可する場合は設定用の関数が" "必要です。\n" "属性の削除は特別な場合で、ハンドラには新しい値として ``NULL`` を渡します。" msgid "" "Python supports two pairs of attribute handlers; a type that supports " "attributes only needs to implement the functions for one pair. The " "difference is that one pair takes the name of the attribute as " "a :c:expr:`char\\*`, while the other accepts a :c:expr:`PyObject*`. Each " "type can use whichever pair makes more sense for the implementation's " "convenience. ::" msgstr "" "Python は属性ハンドラの組を二つサポートしています。\n" "属性をサポートする型は、どちらか一組の関数だけを実装すれば十分です。\n" "違いは、一方が属性名を :c:expr:`char\\*` で受け取り、もう一方" "は :c:expr:`PyObject*` で受け取る点です。\n" "各型は実装に都合のよい方を使えます。 ::" msgid "" "getattrfunc tp_getattr; /* char * version */\n" "setattrfunc tp_setattr;\n" "/* ... */\n" "getattrofunc tp_getattro; /* PyObject * version */\n" "setattrofunc tp_setattro;" msgstr "" "getattrfunc tp_getattr; /* char * 版 */\n" "setattrfunc tp_setattr;\n" "/* ... */\n" "getattrofunc tp_getattro; /* PyObject * 版 */\n" "setattrofunc tp_setattro;" msgid "" "If accessing attributes of an object is always a simple operation (this will " "be explained shortly), there are generic implementations which can be used " "to provide the :c:expr:`PyObject*` version of the attribute management " "functions. The actual need for type-specific attribute handlers almost " "completely disappeared starting with Python 2.2, though there are many " "examples which have not been updated to use some of the new generic " "mechanism that is available." msgstr "" "オブジェクトの属性へのアクセスが常に単純な操作で済む場合 (この後で説明しま" "す)、:c:expr:`PyObject*` 版の属性管理関数として使える汎用の実装があります。\n" "Python 2.2 以降、型固有の属性ハンドラが実際に必要になることはほとんどなくなり" "ました。\n" "ただし、新しい汎用の仕組みを使うように更新されていない例も数多くあります。" #: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:237 msgid "Generic Attribute Management" msgstr "総称的な属性を管理する" #: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:239 msgid "" "Most extension types only use *simple* attributes. So, what makes the " "attributes simple? There are only a couple of conditions that must be met:" msgstr "" "ほとんどの型は *単純な* 属性を使うだけです。では、どのような属性が単純だとい" "えるのでしょうか? それが満たすべき条件はごくわずかです:" #: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:242 msgid "" "The name of the attributes must be known when :c:func:`PyType_Ready` is " "called." msgstr "" ":c:func:`PyType_Ready` が呼ばれたとき、すでに属性の名前がわかっていること。" msgid "" "No special processing is needed to record that an attribute was looked up or " "set, nor do actions need to be taken based on the value." msgstr "" "属性が取得または設定されたことを記録するための特別な処理も、属性の値に応じた" "処理も不要であること。" msgid "" "Note that this list does not place any restrictions on the values of the " "attributes, when the values are computed, or how relevant data is stored." msgstr "" "これらの条件は、属性の値、値を計算するタイミング、関連するデータの格納方法に" "は何の制約も課しません。" msgid "" "When :c:func:`PyType_Ready` is called, it uses three tables referenced by " "the type object to create :term:`descriptor`\\s which are placed in the " "dictionary of the type object. Each descriptor controls access to one " "attribute of the instance object. Each of the tables is optional; if all " "three are ``NULL``, instances of the type will only have attributes that are " "inherited from their base type, and should leave " "the :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_getattro` " "and :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_setattro` fields ``NULL`` as well, allowing " "the base type to handle attributes." msgstr "" ":c:func:`PyType_Ready` は、型オブジェクトが参照する三つのテーブルを使っ" "て :term:`デスクリプタ <descriptor>` を作成し、型オブジェクトの辞書に格納しま" "す。\n" "各デスクリプタは、インスタンスオブジェクトの一つの属性へのアクセスを制御しま" "す。\n" "テーブルはいずれも省略可能です。\n" "三つとも ``NULL`` の場合、その型のインスタンスが持つ属性は基底型から継承した" "ものだけになります。\n" "この場合、属性の処理を基底型に任せられるよう" "に、:c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_getattro` " "と :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_setattro` フィールドも ``NULL`` にしてくださ" "い。" #: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:259 msgid "The tables are declared as three fields of the type object::" msgstr "テーブルはタイプオブジェクト中の 3つのメンバとして宣言されています::" msgid "" "struct PyMethodDef *tp_methods;\n" "struct PyMemberDef *tp_members;\n" "struct PyGetSetDef *tp_getset;" msgstr "" "struct PyMethodDef *tp_methods;\n" "struct PyMemberDef *tp_members;\n" "struct PyGetSetDef *tp_getset;" msgid "" "If :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_methods` is not ``NULL``, it must refer to an " "array of :c:type:`PyMethodDef` structures. Each entry in the table is an " "instance of this structure::" msgstr "" ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_methods` が ``NULL`` でない場合" "は、:c:type:`PyMethodDef` 構造体の配列を指す必要があります。\n" "テーブル内の各エントリーは、次の構造体のインスタンスです。 ::" msgid "" "typedef struct PyMethodDef {\n" " const char *ml_name; /* method name */\n" " PyCFunction ml_meth; /* implementation function */\n" " int ml_flags; /* flags */\n" " const char *ml_doc; /* docstring */\n" "} PyMethodDef;" msgstr "" "typedef struct PyMethodDef {\n" " const char *ml_name; /* メソッド名 */\n" " PyCFunction ml_meth; /* 実装関数 */\n" " int ml_flags; /* フラグ */\n" " const char *ml_doc; /* ドキュメント文字列 */\n" "} PyMethodDef;" msgid "" "One entry should be defined for each method provided by the type; no entries " "are needed for methods inherited from a base type. One additional entry is " "needed at the end; it is a sentinel that marks the end of the array. " "The :c:member:`~PyMethodDef.ml_name` field of the sentinel must be ``NULL``." msgstr "" "型が提供するメソッドごとに一つのエントリーを定義します。\n" "基底型から継承するメソッドのエントリーは不要です。\n" "末尾には、配列の終わりを示す番兵となるエントリーをもう一つ追加する必要があり" "ます。\n" "番兵の :c:member:`~PyMethodDef.ml_name` フィールドは ``NULL`` にしなければな" "りません。" #: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:281 msgid "" "The second table is used to define attributes which map directly to data " "stored in the instance. A variety of primitive C types are supported, and " "access may be read-only or read-write. The structures in the table are " "defined as::" msgstr "" "2番目のテーブルは、インスタンス中に格納されるデータと直接対応づけられた属性を" "定義するのに使います。いくつもの C の原始的な型がサポートされており、アクセス" "を読み出し専用にも読み書き可能にもできます。このテーブルで使われる構造体は次" "のように定義されています::" #: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:285 msgid "" "typedef struct PyMemberDef {\n" " const char *name;\n" " int type;\n" " int offset;\n" " int flags;\n" " const char *doc;\n" "} PyMemberDef;" msgstr "" msgid "" "For each entry in the table, a :term:`descriptor` will be constructed and " "added to the type which will be able to extract a value from the instance " "structure. The :c:member:`~PyMemberDef.type` field should contain a type " "code like :c:macro:`Py_T_INT` or :c:macro:`Py_T_DOUBLE`; the value will be " "used to determine how to convert Python values to and from C values. " "The :c:member:`~PyMemberDef.flags` field is used to store flags which " "control how the attribute can be accessed: you can set it " "to :c:macro:`Py_READONLY` to prevent Python code from setting it." msgstr "" "テーブルの各エントリーから、インスタンス構造体の値を取り出せる :term:`デスク" "リプタ <descriptor>` が作成され、型に追加されます。\n" ":c:member:`~PyMemberDef.type` フィールドには :c:macro:`Py_T_INT` " "や :c:macro:`Py_T_DOUBLE` のような型コードを設定します。\n" "この値は、Python の値と C の値を相互に変換する方法を決めるために使います。\n" ":c:member:`~PyMemberDef.flags` フィールドには、属性へのアクセス方法を制御する" "フラグを格納します。\n" ":c:macro:`Py_READONLY` を設定すると、Python コードからの値の設定を禁止できま" "す。" msgid "" "An interesting advantage of using the :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_members` " "table to build descriptors that are used at runtime is that any attribute " "defined this way can have an associated doc string simply by providing the " "text in the table. An application can use the introspection API to retrieve " "the descriptor from the class object, and get the doc string using " "its :attr:`~type.__doc__` attribute." msgstr "" ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_members` テーブルから実行時に使うデスクリプタを作" "成する方法には、興味深い利点があります。\n" "この方法で定義した属性は、テーブルにテキストを指定するだけでドキュメント文字" "列を関連付けられます。\n" "アプリケーションはイントロスペクション API を使ってクラスオブジェクトからデス" "クリプタを取得し、その :attr:`~type.__doc__` 属性からドキュメント文字列を取得" "できます。" #: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:307 msgid "" "As with the :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_methods` table, a sentinel entry " "with a :c:member:`~PyMethodDef.ml_name` value of ``NULL`` is required." msgstr "" #: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:321 msgid "Type-specific Attribute Management" msgstr "特定の型に特化した属性の管理" msgid "" "For simplicity, only the :c:expr:`char\\*` version will be demonstrated " "here; the type of the name parameter is the only difference between " "the :c:expr:`char\\*` and :c:expr:`PyObject*` flavors of the interface. This " "example effectively does the same thing as the generic example above, but " "does not use the generic support added in Python 2.2. It explains how the " "handler functions are called, so that if you do need to extend their " "functionality, you'll understand what needs to be done." msgstr "" "簡単にするため、ここでは :c:expr:`char\\*` 版だけを示します。\n" "インターフェースの :c:expr:`char\\*` 版と :c:expr:`PyObject*` 版の違いは、名" "前を渡す引数の型だけです。\n" "この例は、上の汎用の例と実質的に同じ処理を行いますが、Python 2.2 で追加された" "汎用の仕組みは使いません。\n" "ハンドラ関数の呼び出し方を説明するので、機能を拡張する必要がある場合に、何を" "すべきかが分かるでしょう。" #: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:331 msgid "" "The :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_getattr` handler is called when the object " "requires an attribute look-up. It is called in the same situations where " "the :meth:`~object.__getattr__` method of a class would be called." msgstr "" #: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:335 msgid "Here is an example::" msgstr "以下に例を示します。::" msgid "" "static PyObject *\n" "newdatatype_getattr(PyObject *op, char *name)\n" "{\n" " newdatatypeobject *self = (newdatatypeobject *) op;\n" " if (strcmp(name, \"data\") == 0) {\n" " return PyLong_FromLong(self->data);\n" " }\n" "\n" " PyErr_Format(PyExc_AttributeError,\n" " \"'%.100s' object has no attribute '%.400s'\",\n" " Py_TYPE(self)->tp_name, name);\n" " return NULL;\n" "}" msgstr "" "static PyObject *\n" "newdatatype_getattr(PyObject *op, char *name)\n" "{\n" " newdatatypeobject *self = (newdatatypeobject *) op;\n" " if (strcmp(name, \"data\") == 0) {\n" " return PyLong_FromLong(self->data);\n" " }\n" "\n" " PyErr_Format(PyExc_AttributeError,\n" " \"'%.100s' object has no attribute '%.400s'\",\n" " Py_TYPE(self)->tp_name, name);\n" " return NULL;\n" "}" msgid "" "The :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_setattr` handler is called when " "the :meth:`~object.__setattr__` or :meth:`~object.__delattr__` method of a " "class instance would be called. When an attribute should be deleted, the " "third parameter will be ``NULL``. Here is an example that simply raises an " "exception; if this were really all you wanted, " "the :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_setattr` handler should be set to " "``NULL``. ::" msgstr "" ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_setattr` ハンドラは、クラスのインスタンス" "の :meth:`~object.__setattr__` または :meth:`~object.__delattr__` メソッドが" "呼ばれる状況で呼び出されます。\n" "属性を削除する場合、第 3 引数は ``NULL`` になります。\n" "次は単に例外を送出する例です。\n" "本当にこれだけを行いたいのであれば、:c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_setattr` ハン" "ドラを ``NULL`` に設定してください。 ::" msgid "" "static int\n" "newdatatype_setattr(PyObject *op, char *name, PyObject *v)\n" "{\n" " PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError, \"Read-only attribute: %s\", name);\n" " return -1;\n" "}" msgstr "" "static int\n" "newdatatype_setattr(PyObject *op, char *name, PyObject *v)\n" "{\n" " PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError, \"Read-only attribute: %s\", name);\n" " return -1;\n" "}" #: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:365 msgid "Object Comparison" msgstr "オブジェクトの比較" msgid "richcmpfunc tp_richcompare;" msgstr "richcmpfunc tp_richcompare;" msgid "" "The :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_richcompare` handler is called when " "comparisons are needed. It is analogous to the :ref:`rich comparison " "methods <richcmpfuncs>`, like :meth:`!__lt__`, and also called " "by :c:func:`PyObject_RichCompare` and :c:func:`PyObject_RichCompareBool`." msgstr "" ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_richcompare` ハンドラは、比較が必要なときに呼び出" "されます。\n" ":meth:`!__lt__` などの :ref:`拡張比較メソッド <richcmpfuncs>` に相当" "し、:c:func:`PyObject_RichCompare` と :c:func:`PyObject_RichCompareBool` から" "も呼び出されます。" msgid "" "This function is called with two Python objects and the operator as " "arguments, where the operator is one of ``Py_EQ``, ``Py_NE``, ``Py_LE``, " "``Py_GE``, ``Py_LT`` or ``Py_GT``. It should compare the two objects with " "respect to the specified operator and return ``Py_True`` or ``Py_False`` if " "the comparison is successful, ``Py_NotImplemented`` to indicate that " "comparison is not implemented and the other object's comparison method " "should be tried, or ``NULL`` if an exception was set." msgstr "" "この関数は、二つの Python オブジェクトと演算子を引数として受け取ります。\n" "演算子は ``Py_EQ``、``Py_NE``、``Py_LE``、``Py_GE``、``Py_LT``、``Py_GT`` の" "いずれかです。\n" "指定された演算子で二つのオブジェクトを比較し、比較が成功した場合は " "``Py_True`` または ``Py_False`` を返してください。\n" "比較が実装されておらず、もう一方のオブジェクトの比較メソッドを試すべきことを" "示すには ``Py_NotImplemented`` を、例外を設定した場合は ``NULL`` を返してくだ" "さい。" #: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:384 msgid "" "Here is a sample implementation, for a datatype that is considered equal if " "the size of an internal pointer is equal::" msgstr "" "これは内部ポインタのサイズが等しければ等しいと見なすデータ型のサンプル実装で" "す::" msgid "" "static PyObject *\n" "newdatatype_richcmp(PyObject *lhs, PyObject *rhs, int op)\n" "{\n" " newdatatypeobject *obj1 = (newdatatypeobject *) lhs;\n" " newdatatypeobject *obj2 = (newdatatypeobject *) rhs;\n" " PyObject *result;\n" " int c, size1, size2;\n" "\n" " /* code to make sure that both arguments are of type\n" " newdatatype omitted */\n" "\n" " size1 = obj1->obj_UnderlyingDatatypePtr->size;\n" " size2 = obj2->obj_UnderlyingDatatypePtr->size;\n" "\n" " switch (op) {\n" " case Py_LT: c = size1 < size2; break;\n" " case Py_LE: c = size1 <= size2; break;\n" " case Py_EQ: c = size1 == size2; break;\n" " case Py_NE: c = size1 != size2; break;\n" " case Py_GT: c = size1 > size2; break;\n" " case Py_GE: c = size1 >= size2; break;\n" " }\n" " result = c ? Py_True : Py_False;\n" " return Py_NewRef(result);\n" " }" msgstr "" "static PyObject *\n" |
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