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GeezerVison is showing github.com — python-docs-pa/reference/datamodel.po at 3.14 · python/python-docs-pa Expand file tree/ Copy pathdatamodel.poMore file actions 4724 lines (3809 loc) · 151 KB / Copy pathdatamodel.poFile metadata and controls4724 lines (3809 loc) · 151 KB 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589 590 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 600 601 602 603 604 605 606 607 608 609 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 628 629 630 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 639 640 641 642 643 644 645 646 647 648 649 650 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 658 659 660 661 662 663 664 665 666 667 668 669 670 671 672 673 674 675 676 677 678 679 680 681 682 683 684 685 686 687 688 689 690 691 692 693 694 695 696 697 698 699 700 701 702 703 704 705 706 707 708 709 710 711 712 713 714 715 716 717 718 719 720 721 722 723 724 725 726 727 728 729 730 731 732 733 734 735 736 737 738 739 740 741 742 743 744 745 746 747 748 749 750 751 752 753 754 755 756 757 758 759 760 761 762 763 764 765 766 767 768 769 770 771 772 773 774 775 776 777 778 779 780 781 782 783 784 785 786 787 788 789 790 791 792 793 794 795 796 797 798 799 800 801 802 803 804 805 806 807 808 809 810 811 812 813 814 815 816 817 818 819 820 821 822 823 824 825 826 827 828 829 830 831 832 833 834 835 836 837 838 839 840 841 842 843 844 845 846 847 848 849 850 851 852 853 854 855 856 857 858 859 860 861 862 863 864 865 866 867 868 869 870 871 872 873 874 875 876 877 878 879 880 881 882 883 884 885 886 887 888 889 890 891 892 893 894 895 896 897 898 899 900 901 902 903 904 905 906 907 908 909 910 911 912 913 914 915 916 917 918 919 920 921 922 923 924 925 926 927 928 929 930 931 932 933 934 935 936 937 938 939 940 941 942 943 944 945 946 947 948 949 950 951 952 953 954 955 956 957 958 959 960 961 962 963 964 965 966 967 968 969 970 971 972 973 974 975 976 977 978 979 980 981 982 983 984 985 986 987 988 989 990 991 992 993 994 995 996 997 998 999 1000 # SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. # Copyright (C) 2001 Python Software Foundation # This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. # FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR. # # Translators: # Bhuvansh Kataria, 2026 # #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: Python 3.15\n" "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2026-11-09 23:13+0000\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 2025-09-16 00:02+0000\n" "Last-Translator: Bhuvansh Kataria, 2026\n" "Language-Team: Panjabi (Punjabi) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/" "5390/pa/)\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" "Language: pa\n" "Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n" msgid "Data model" msgstr "" msgid "Objects, values and types" msgstr "" msgid "" ":dfn:`Objects` are Python's abstraction for data. All data in a Python " "program is represented by objects or by relations between objects. Even code " "is represented by objects." msgstr "" msgid "" "Every object has an identity, a type and a value. An object's *identity* " "never changes once it has been created; you may think of it as the object's " "address in memory. The :keyword:`is` operator compares the identity of two " "objects; the :func:`id` function returns an integer representing its " "identity." msgstr "" msgid "For CPython, ``id(x)`` is the memory address where ``x`` is stored." msgstr "" msgid "" "An object's type determines the operations that the object supports (e.g., " "\"does it have a length?\") and also defines the possible values for objects " "of that type. The :func:`type` function returns an object's type (which is " "an object itself). Like its identity, an object's :dfn:`type` is also " "unchangeable. [#]_" msgstr "" msgid "" "The *value* of some objects can change. Objects whose value can change are " "said to be *mutable*; objects whose value is unchangeable once they are " "created are called *immutable*. (The value of an immutable container object " "that contains a reference to a mutable object can change when the latter's " "value is changed; however the container is still considered immutable, " "because the collection of objects it contains cannot be changed. So, " "immutability is not strictly the same as having an unchangeable value, it is " "more subtle.) An object's mutability is determined by its type; for " "instance, numbers, strings and tuples are immutable, while dictionaries and " "lists are mutable." msgstr "" msgid "" "Objects are never explicitly destroyed; however, when they become " "unreachable they may be garbage-collected. An implementation is allowed to " "postpone garbage collection or omit it altogether --- it is a matter of " "implementation quality how garbage collection is implemented, as long as no " "objects are collected that are still reachable." msgstr "" msgid "" "CPython currently uses a reference-counting scheme with (optional) delayed " "detection of cyclically linked garbage, which collects most objects as soon " "as they become unreachable, but is not guaranteed to collect garbage " "containing circular references. See the documentation of the :mod:`gc` " "module for information on controlling the collection of cyclic garbage. " "Other implementations act differently and CPython may change. Do not depend " "on immediate finalization of objects when they become unreachable (so you " "should always close files explicitly)." msgstr "" msgid "" "Note that the use of the implementation's tracing or debugging facilities " "may keep objects alive that would normally be collectable. Also note that " "catching an exception with a :keyword:`try`...\\ :keyword:`except` statement " "may keep objects alive." msgstr "" msgid "" "Some objects contain references to \"external\" resources such as open files " "or windows. It is understood that these resources are freed when the object " "is garbage-collected, but since garbage collection is not guaranteed to " "happen, such objects also provide an explicit way to release the external " "resource, usually a :meth:`!close` method. Programs are strongly recommended " "to explicitly close such objects. The :keyword:`try`..." "\\ :keyword:`finally` statement and the :keyword:`with` statement provide " "convenient ways to do this." msgstr "" msgid "" "Some objects contain references to other objects; these are called " "*containers*. Examples of containers are tuples, lists and dictionaries. " "The references are part of a container's value. In most cases, when we talk " "about the value of a container, we imply the values, not the identities of " "the contained objects; however, when we talk about the mutability of a " "container, only the identities of the immediately contained objects are " "implied. So, if an immutable container (like a tuple) contains a reference " "to a mutable object, its value changes if that mutable object is changed." msgstr "" msgid "" "Types affect almost all aspects of object behavior. Even the importance of " "object identity is affected in some sense: for immutable types, operations " "that compute new values may actually return a reference to any existing " "object with the same type and value, while for mutable objects this is not " "allowed. For example, after ``a = 1; b = 1``, *a* and *b* may or may not " "refer to the same object with the value one, depending on the " "implementation. This is because :class:`int` is an immutable type, so the " "reference to ``1`` can be reused. This behaviour depends on the " "implementation used, so should not be relied upon, but is something to be " "aware of when making use of object identity tests. However, after ``c = []; " "d = []``, *c* and *d* are guaranteed to refer to two different, unique, " "newly created empty lists. (Note that ``e = f = []`` assigns the *same* " "object to both *e* and *f*.)" msgstr "" msgid "The standard type hierarchy" msgstr "" msgid "" "Below is a list of the types that are built into Python. Extension modules " "(written in C, Java, or other languages, depending on the implementation) " "can define additional types. Future versions of Python may add types to the " "type hierarchy (e.g., rational numbers, efficiently stored arrays of " "integers, etc.), although such additions will often be provided via the " "standard library instead." msgstr "" msgid "" "Some of the type descriptions below contain a paragraph listing 'special " "attributes.' These are attributes that provide access to the implementation " "and are not intended for general use. Their definition may change in the " "future." msgstr "" msgid "None" msgstr "" msgid "" "This type has a single value. There is a single object with this value. " "This object is accessed through the built-in name ``None``. It is used to " "signify the absence of a value in many situations, e.g., it is returned from " "functions that don't explicitly return anything. Its truth value is false." msgstr "" msgid "NotImplemented" msgstr "" msgid "" "This type has a single value. There is a single object with this value. " "This object is accessed through the built-in name :data:`NotImplemented`. " "Numeric methods and rich comparison methods should return this value if they " "do not implement the operation for the operands provided. (The interpreter " "will then try the reflected operation, or some other fallback, depending on " "the operator.) It should not be evaluated in a boolean context." msgstr "" msgid "See :ref:`implementing-the-arithmetic-operations` for more details." msgstr "" msgid "Evaluating :data:`NotImplemented` in a boolean context was deprecated." msgstr "" msgid "" "Evaluating :data:`NotImplemented` in a boolean context now raises " "a :exc:`TypeError`. It previously evaluated to :const:`True` and emitted " "a :exc:`DeprecationWarning` since Python 3.9." msgstr "" msgid "Ellipsis" msgstr "" msgid "" "This type has a single value. There is a single object with this value. " "This object is accessed through the literal ``...`` or the built-in name " "``Ellipsis``. Its truth value is true." msgstr "" msgid ":class:`numbers.Number`" msgstr "" msgid "" "These are created by numeric literals and returned as results by arithmetic " "operators and arithmetic built-in functions. Numeric objects are immutable; " "once created their value never changes. Python numbers are of course " "strongly related to mathematical numbers, but subject to the limitations of " "numerical representation in computers." msgstr "" msgid "" "The string representations of the numeric classes, computed " "by :meth:`~object.__repr__` and :meth:`~object.__str__`, have the following " "properties:" msgstr "" msgid "" "They are valid numeric literals which, when passed to their class " "constructor, produce an object having the value of the original numeric." msgstr "" msgid "The representation is in base 10, when possible." msgstr "" msgid "" "Leading zeros, possibly excepting a single zero before a decimal point, are " "not shown." msgstr "" msgid "" "Trailing zeros, possibly excepting a single zero after a decimal point, are " "not shown." msgstr "" msgid "A sign is shown only when the number is negative." msgstr "" msgid "" "Python distinguishes between integers, floating-point numbers, and complex " "numbers:" msgstr "" msgid ":class:`numbers.Integral`" msgstr "" msgid "" "These represent elements from the mathematical set of integers (positive and " "negative)." msgstr "" msgid "" "The rules for integer representation are intended to give the most " "meaningful interpretation of shift and mask operations involving negative " "integers." msgstr "" msgid "There are two types of integers:" msgstr "" msgid "Integers (:class:`int`)" msgstr "" msgid "" "These represent numbers in an unlimited range, subject to available " "(virtual) memory only. For the purpose of shift and mask operations, a " "binary representation is assumed, and negative numbers are represented in a " "variant of 2's complement which gives the illusion of an infinite string of " "sign bits extending to the left." msgstr "" msgid "Booleans (:class:`bool`)" msgstr "" msgid "" "These represent the truth values False and True. The two objects " "representing the values ``False`` and ``True`` are the only Boolean objects. " "The Boolean type is a subtype of the integer type, and Boolean values behave " "like the values 0 and 1, respectively, in almost all contexts, the exception " "being that when converted to a string, the strings ``\"False\"`` or " "``\"True\"`` are returned, respectively." msgstr "" msgid ":class:`numbers.Real` (:class:`float`)" msgstr "" msgid "" "These represent machine-level double precision floating-point numbers. You " "are at the mercy of the underlying machine architecture (and C or Java " "implementation) for the accepted range and handling of overflow. Python does " "not support single-precision floating-point numbers; the savings in " "processor and memory usage that are usually the reason for using these are " "dwarfed by the overhead of using objects in Python, so there is no reason to " "complicate the language with two kinds of floating-point numbers." msgstr "" msgid ":class:`numbers.Complex` (:class:`complex`)" msgstr "" msgid "" "These represent complex numbers as a pair of machine-level double precision " "floating-point numbers. The same caveats apply as for floating-point " "numbers. The real and imaginary parts of a complex number ``z`` can be " "retrieved through the read-only attributes ``z.real`` and ``z.imag``." msgstr "" msgid "Sequences" msgstr "" msgid "" "These represent finite ordered sets indexed by non-negative numbers. The " "built-in function :func:`len` returns the number of items of a sequence. " "When the length of a sequence is *n*, the index set contains the numbers 0, " "1, ..., *n*-1. Item *i* of sequence *a* is selected by ``a[i]``. Some " "sequences, including built-in sequences, interpret negative subscripts by " "adding the sequence length. For example, ``a[-2]`` equals ``a[n-2]``, the " "second to last item of sequence a with length ``n``." msgstr "" msgid "" "The resulting value must be a nonnegative integer less than the number of " "items in the sequence. If it is not, an :exc:`IndexError` is raised." msgstr "" msgid "" "Sequences also support slicing: ``a[start:stop]`` selects all items with " "index *k* such that *start* ``<=`` *k* ``<`` *stop*. When used as an " "expression, a slice is a sequence of the same type. The comment above about " "negative subscripts also applies to negative slice positions. Note that no " "error is raised if a slice position is less than zero or larger than the " "length of the sequence." msgstr "" msgid "" "If *start* is missing or :data:`None`, slicing behaves as if *start* was " "zero. If *stop* is missing or ``None``, slicing behaves as if *stop* was " "equal to the length of the sequence." msgstr "" msgid "" "Some sequences also support \"extended slicing\" with a third \"step\" " "parameter: ``a[i:j:k]`` selects all items of *a* with index *x* where ``x = " "i + n*k``, *n* ``>=`` ``0`` and *i* ``<=`` *x* ``<`` *j*." msgstr "" msgid "Sequences are distinguished according to their mutability:" msgstr "" msgid "Immutable sequences" msgstr "" msgid "" "An object of an immutable sequence type cannot change once it is created. " "(If the object contains references to other objects, these other objects may " "be mutable and may be changed; however, the collection of objects directly " "referenced by an immutable object cannot change.)" msgstr "" msgid "The following types are immutable sequences:" msgstr "" msgid "Strings" msgstr "" msgid "" "A string (:class:`str`) is a sequence of values that " "represent :dfn:`characters`, or more formally, *Unicode code points*. All " "the code points in the range ``0`` to ``0x10FFFF`` can be represented in a " "string." msgstr "" msgid "" "Python doesn't have a dedicated *character* type. Instead, every code point " "in the string is represented as a string object with length ``1``." msgstr "" msgid "" "The built-in function :func:`ord` converts a code point from its string form " "to an integer in the range ``0`` to ``0x10FFFF``; :func:`chr` converts an " "integer in the range ``0`` to ``0x10FFFF`` to the corresponding length ``1`` " "string object. :meth:`str.encode` can be used to convert a :class:`str` " "to :class:`bytes` using the given text encoding, and :meth:`bytes.decode` " "can be used to achieve the opposite." msgstr "" msgid "Tuples" msgstr "" msgid "" "The items of a :class:`tuple` are arbitrary Python objects. Tuples of two or " "more items are formed by comma-separated lists of expressions. A tuple of " "one item (a 'singleton') can be formed by affixing a comma to an expression " "(an expression by itself does not create a tuple, since parentheses must be " "usable for grouping of expressions). An empty tuple can be formed by an " "empty pair of parentheses." msgstr "" msgid "Bytes" msgstr "" msgid "" "A :class:`bytes` object is an immutable array. The items are 8-bit bytes, " "represented by integers in the range 0 <= x < 256. Bytes literals (like " "``b'abc'``) and the built-in :func:`bytes` constructor can be used to create " "bytes objects. Also, bytes objects can be decoded to strings via " "the :meth:`~bytes.decode` method." msgstr "" msgid "Mutable sequences" msgstr "" msgid "" "Mutable sequences can be changed after they are created. The subscription " "and slicing notations can be used as the target of assignment " "and :keyword:`del` (delete) statements." msgstr "" msgid "" "The :mod:`collections` and :mod:`array` module provide additional examples " "of mutable sequence types." msgstr "" msgid "There are currently two intrinsic mutable sequence types:" msgstr "" msgid "Lists" msgstr "" msgid "" "The items of a list are arbitrary Python objects. Lists are formed by " "placing a comma-separated list of expressions in square brackets. (Note that " "there are no special cases needed to form lists of length 0 or 1.)" msgstr "" msgid "Byte Arrays" msgstr "" msgid "" "A bytearray object is a mutable array. They are created by the built-" "in :func:`bytearray` constructor. Aside from being mutable (and hence " "unhashable), byte arrays otherwise provide the same interface and " "functionality as immutable :class:`bytes` objects." msgstr "" msgid "Set types" msgstr "" msgid "" "These represent unordered, finite sets of unique, immutable objects. As " "such, they cannot be indexed by any subscript. However, they can be iterated " "over, and the built-in function :func:`len` returns the number of items in a " "set. Common uses for sets are fast membership testing, removing duplicates " "from a sequence, and computing mathematical operations such as intersection, " "union, difference, and symmetric difference." msgstr "" msgid "" "For set elements, the same immutability rules apply as for dictionary keys. " "Note that numeric types obey the normal rules for numeric comparison: if two " "numbers compare equal (e.g., ``1`` and ``1.0``), only one of them can be " "contained in a set." msgstr "" msgid "There are currently two intrinsic set types:" msgstr "" msgid "Sets" msgstr "" msgid "" "These represent a mutable set. They are created by the built-in :func:`set` " "constructor and can be modified afterwards by several methods, such " "as :meth:`~set.add`." msgstr "" msgid "Frozen sets" msgstr "" msgid "" "These represent an immutable set. They are created by the built-" "in :func:`frozenset` constructor. As a frozenset is immutable " "and :term:`hashable`, it can be used again as an element of another set, or " "as a dictionary key." msgstr "" msgid "Mappings" msgstr "" msgid "" "These represent finite sets of objects indexed by arbitrary index sets. The " "subscript notation ``a[k]`` selects the item indexed by ``k`` from the " "mapping ``a``; this can be used in expressions and as the target of " "assignments or :keyword:`del` statements. The built-in function :func:`len` " "returns the number of items in a mapping." msgstr "" msgid "There are two intrinsic mapping types:" msgstr "" msgid "Dictionaries" msgstr "" msgid "" "These represent finite sets of objects indexed by nearly arbitrary values. " "The only types of values not acceptable as keys are values containing lists " "or dictionaries or other mutable types that are compared by value rather " "than by object identity, the reason being that the efficient implementation " "of dictionaries requires a key's hash value to remain constant. Numeric " "types used for keys obey the normal rules for numeric comparison: if two " "numbers compare equal (e.g., ``1`` and ``1.0``) then they can be used " "interchangeably to index the same dictionary entry." msgstr "" msgid "" "Dictionaries preserve insertion order, meaning that keys will be produced in " "the same order they were added sequentially over the dictionary. Replacing " "an existing key does not change the order, however removing a key and re-" "inserting it will add it to the end instead of keeping its old place." msgstr "" msgid "" "Dictionaries are mutable; they can be created by the ``{}`` notation (see " "section :ref:`dict`)." msgstr "" msgid "" "The extension modules :mod:`dbm.ndbm` and :mod:`dbm.gnu` provide additional " "examples of mapping types, as does the :mod:`collections` module." msgstr "" msgid "" "Dictionaries did not preserve insertion order in versions of Python before " "3.6. In CPython 3.6, insertion order was preserved, but it was considered an " "implementation detail at that time rather than a language guarantee." msgstr "" msgid "Frozen dictionaries" msgstr "" msgid "" "These represent an immutable dictionary. They are created by the built-" "in :func:`frozendict` constructor. A frozendict is :term:`hashable` if all " "of its keys and values are hashable, in which case it can be used as an " "element of a set, or as a key in another mapping. :class:`!frozendict` is " "not a subclass of :class:`dict`; it inherits directly from :class:`object`." msgstr "" msgid "Callable types" msgstr "" msgid "" "These are the types to which the function call operation (see " "section :ref:`calls`) can be applied:" msgstr "" msgid "User-defined functions" msgstr "" msgid "" "A user-defined function object is created by a function definition (see " "section :ref:`function`). It should be called with an argument list " "containing the same number of items as the function's formal parameter list." msgstr "" msgid "Special read-only attributes" msgstr "" msgid "Attribute" msgstr "" msgid "Meaning" msgstr "" msgid "" "A reference to the :class:`dictionary <dict>` that holds the function's " "builtins namespace." msgstr "" msgid "" "A reference to the :class:`dictionary <dict>` that holds the " "function's :ref:`global variables <naming>` -- the global namespace of the " "module in which the function was defined." msgstr "" msgid "" "``None`` or a :class:`tuple` of cells that contain bindings for the names " "specified in the :attr:`~codeobject.co_freevars` attribute of the " "function's :attr:`code object <function.__code__>`." msgstr "" msgid "" "A cell object has the attribute ``cell_contents``. This can be used to get " "the value of the cell, as well as set the value." msgstr "" msgid "Special writable attributes" msgstr "" msgid "Most of these attributes check the type of the assigned value:" msgstr "" msgid "The function's documentation string, or ``None`` if unavailable." msgstr "" msgid "" "The function's name. See also: :attr:`__name__ attributes " "<definition.__name__>`." msgstr "" msgid "" "The function's :term:`qualified name`. See also: :attr:`__qualname__ " "attributes <definition.__qualname__>`." msgstr "" msgid "" "The name of the module the function was defined in, or ``None`` if " "unavailable." msgstr "" msgid "" "A :class:`tuple` containing default :term:`parameter` values for those " "parameters that have defaults, or ``None`` if no parameters have a default " "value." msgstr "" msgid "" "The :ref:`code object <code-objects>` representing the compiled function " "body." msgstr "" msgid "" "The namespace supporting arbitrary function attributes. See " "also: :attr:`__dict__ attributes <object.__dict__>`." msgstr "" msgid "" "A :class:`dictionary <dict>` containing annotations of :term:`parameters " "<parameter>`. The keys of the dictionary are the parameter names, and " "``'return'`` for the return annotation, if provided. See " "also: :attr:`object.__annotations__`." msgstr "" msgid "" "Annotations are now :ref:`lazily evaluated <lazy-evaluation>`. " "See :pep:`649`." msgstr "" msgid "" "The :term:`annotate function` for this function, or ``None`` if the function " "has no annotations. See :attr:`object.__annotate__`." msgstr "" msgid "" "A :class:`dictionary <dict>` containing defaults for keyword-" "only :term:`parameters <parameter>`." msgstr "" msgid "" "A :class:`tuple` containing the :ref:`type parameters <type-params>` of " "a :ref:`generic function <generic-functions>`." msgstr "" msgid "" "Function objects also support getting and setting arbitrary attributes, " "which can be used, for example, to attach metadata to functions. Regular " "attribute dot-notation is used to get and set such attributes." msgstr "" msgid "" "CPython's current implementation only supports function attributes on user-" "defined functions. Function attributes on :ref:`built-in functions <builtin-" "functions>` may be supported in the future." msgstr "" msgid "" "Additional information about a function's definition can be retrieved from " "its :ref:`code object <code-objects>` (accessible via " "the :attr:`~function.__code__` attribute)." msgstr "" msgid "Instance methods" msgstr "" msgid "" "An instance method object combines a class, a class instance and any " "callable object (normally a user-defined function)." msgstr "" msgid "Special read-only attributes:" msgstr "" msgid "" "Refers to the class instance object to which the method is :ref:`bound " "<method-binding>`" msgstr "" msgid "Refers to the original :ref:`function object <user-defined-funcs>`" msgstr "" msgid "" "The method's documentation (same as :attr:`method.__func__.__doc__ " "<function.__doc__>`). A :class:`string <str>` if the original function had a " "docstring, else ``None``." msgstr "" msgid "" "The name of the method (same as :attr:`method.__func__.__name__ " "<function.__name__>`)" msgstr "" msgid "" "The name of the module the method was defined in, or ``None`` if unavailable." msgstr "" msgid "" "Methods also support accessing (but not setting) the arbitrary function " "attributes on the underlying :ref:`function object <user-defined-funcs>`." msgstr "" msgid "" "User-defined method objects may be created when getting an attribute of a " "class (perhaps via an instance of that class), if that attribute is a user-" "defined :ref:`function object <user-defined-funcs>` or " "a :class:`classmethod` object." msgstr "" msgid "" "When an instance method object is created by retrieving a user-" "defined :ref:`function object <user-defined-funcs>` from a class via one of " "its instances, its :attr:`~method.__self__` attribute is the instance, and " "the method object is said to be *bound*. The new " "method's :attr:`~method.__func__` attribute is the original function object." msgstr "" msgid "" "When an instance method object is created by retrieving " "a :class:`classmethod` object from a class or instance, " "its :attr:`~method.__self__` attribute is the class itself, and " "its :attr:`~method.__func__` attribute is the function object underlying the " "class method." msgstr "" msgid "" "When an instance method object is called, the underlying function " "(:attr:`~method.__func__`) is called, inserting the class instance " "(:attr:`~method.__self__`) in front of the argument list. For instance, " "when :class:`!C` is a class which contains a definition for a " "function :meth:`!f`, and ``x`` is an instance of :class:`!C`, calling " "``x.f(1)`` is equivalent to calling ``C.f(x, 1)``." msgstr "" msgid "" "When an instance method object is derived from a :class:`classmethod` " "object, the \"class instance\" stored in :attr:`~method.__self__` will " "actually be the class itself, so that calling either ``x.f(1)`` or " "``C.f(1)`` is equivalent to calling ``f(C,1)`` where ``f`` is the underlying " "function." msgstr "" msgid "" "It is important to note that user-defined functions which are attributes of " "a class instance are not converted to bound methods; this *only* happens " "when the function is an attribute of the class." msgstr "" msgid "Generator functions" msgstr "" msgid "" "A function or method which contains a :keyword:`yield` expression (see " "section :ref:`yieldexpr`) is called a :dfn:`generator function`. Such a " "function, when called, always returns an :term:`iterator` object which can " "be used to execute the body of the function: calling the " "iterator's :meth:`iterator.__next__` method will cause the function to " "execute until it provides a value using the :keyword:`!yield` expression. " "When the function executes a :keyword:`return` statement or falls off the " "end, a :exc:`StopIteration` exception is raised and the iterator will have " "reached the end of the set of values to be returned." msgstr "" msgid "Coroutine functions" msgstr "" msgid "" "A function or method which is defined using :keyword:`async def` is called " "a :dfn:`coroutine function`. Such a function, when called, returns " "a :term:`coroutine` object. It may contain :keyword:`await` expressions, as " "well as :keyword:`async with` and :keyword:`async for` statements. See also " "the :ref:`coroutine-objects` section." msgstr "" msgid "Asynchronous generator functions" msgstr "" msgid "" "A function or method which is defined using :keyword:`async def` and which " "contains a :keyword:`yield` expression is called a :dfn:`asynchronous " "generator function`. Such a function, when called, returns " "an :term:`asynchronous iterator` object which can be used in " "an :keyword:`async for` statement to execute the body of the function." msgstr "" msgid "" "Calling the asynchronous iterator's :meth:`aiterator.__anext__ " "<object.__anext__>` method will return an :term:`awaitable` which when " "awaited will execute until it provides a value using the :keyword:`yield` " "expression. When the function executes an empty :keyword:`return` statement " "or falls off the end, a :exc:`StopAsyncIteration` exception is raised and " "the asynchronous iterator will have reached the end of the set of values to " "be yielded." msgstr "" msgid "Built-in functions" msgstr "" msgid "" "A built-in function object is a wrapper around a C function. Examples of " "built-in functions are :func:`len` and :func:`math.sin` (:mod:`math` is a " "standard built-in module). The number and type of the arguments are " "determined by the C function. Special read-only attributes:" msgstr "" msgid "" ":attr:`!__doc__` is the function's documentation string, or ``None`` if " "unavailable. See :attr:`function.__doc__`." msgstr "" msgid "" ":attr:`!__name__` is the function's name. See :attr:`function.__name__`." msgstr "" msgid "" ":attr:`!__self__` is the module object the function was defined in or " "``None`` if unavailable." msgstr "" msgid "" ":attr:`!__module__` is the name of the module the function was defined in or " "``None`` if unavailable. See :attr:`function.__module__`." msgstr "" msgid "Built-in methods" msgstr "" msgid "" "This is really a different disguise of a built-in function, this time " "containing an object passed to the C function as an implicit extra " "argument. An example of a built-in method is ``alist.append()``, assuming " "*alist* is a list object. In this case, the special read-only " "attribute :attr:`!__self__` is set to the object denoted by *alist*. (The " "attribute has the same semantics as it does with :attr:`other instance " "methods <method.__self__>`.)" msgstr "" msgid "Classes" msgstr "" msgid "" "Classes are callable. These objects normally act as factories for new " "instances of themselves, but variations are possible for class types that " "override :meth:`~object.__new__`. The arguments of the call are passed " "to :meth:`!__new__` and, in the typical case, to :meth:`~object.__init__` to " "initialize the new instance." msgstr "" msgid "Class Instances" msgstr "" msgid "" "Instances of arbitrary classes can be made callable by defining " "a :meth:`~object.__call__` method in their class." msgstr "" msgid "Modules" msgstr "" msgid "" "Modules are a basic organizational unit of Python code, and are created by " "the :ref:`import system <importsystem>` as invoked either by " "the :keyword:`import` statement, or by calling functions such " "as :func:`importlib.import_module` and built-in :func:`__import__`. A " "module object has a namespace implemented by a :class:`dictionary <dict>` " "object (this is the dictionary referenced by " "the :attr:`~function.__globals__` attribute of functions defined in the " "module). Attribute references are translated to lookups in this dictionary, " "e.g., ``m.x`` is equivalent to ``m.__dict__[\"x\"]``. A module object does " "not contain the code object used to initialize the module (since it isn't " "needed once the initialization is done)." msgstr "" msgid "" "Attribute assignment updates the module's namespace dictionary, e.g., ``m.x " "= 1`` is equivalent to ``m.__dict__[\"x\"] = 1``." msgstr "" msgid "Import-related attributes on module objects" msgstr "" msgid "" "Module objects have the following attributes that relate to the :ref:`import " "system <importsystem>`. When a module is created using the machinery " "associated with the import system, these attributes are filled in based on " "the module's :term:`spec <module spec>`, before the :term:`loader` executes " "and loads the module." msgstr "" msgid "" "To create a module dynamically rather than using the import system, it's " "recommended to use :func:`importlib.util.module_from_spec`, which will set " "the various import-controlled attributes to appropriate values. It's also " "possible to use the :class:`types.ModuleType` constructor to create modules " "directly, but this technique is more error-prone, as most attributes must be " "manually set on the module object after it has been created when using this " "approach." msgstr "" msgid "" "With the exception of :attr:`~module.__name__`, it is **strongly** " "recommended that you rely on :attr:`~module.__spec__` and its attributes " "instead of any of the other individual attributes listed in this subsection. " "Note that updating an attribute on :attr:`!__spec__` will not update the " "corresponding attribute on the module itself:" msgstr "" msgid "" ">>> import typing\n" ">>> typing.__name__, typing.__spec__.name\n" "('typing', 'typing')\n" ">>> typing.__spec__.name = 'spelling'\n" ">>> typing.__name__, typing.__spec__.name\n" "('typing', 'spelling')\n" ">>> typing.__name__ = 'keyboard_smashing'\n" ">>> typing.__name__, typing.__spec__.name\n" "('keyboard_smashing', 'spelling')" msgstr "" msgid "" "The name used to uniquely identify the module in the import system. For a " "directly executed module, this will be set to ``\"__main__\"``." msgstr "" msgid "" "This attribute must be set to the fully qualified name of the module. It is " "expected to match the value of :attr:`module.__spec__.name " "<importlib.machinery.ModuleSpec.name>`." msgstr "" msgid "A record of the module's import-system-related state." msgstr "" msgid "" "Set to the :class:`module spec <importlib.machinery.ModuleSpec>` that was " "used when importing the module. See :ref:`module-specs` for more details." msgstr "" msgid "The :term:`package` a module belongs to." msgstr "" msgid "" "If the module is top-level (that is, not a part of any specific package) " "then the attribute should be set to ``''`` (the empty string). Otherwise, it " "should be set to the name of the module's package (which can be equal " "to :attr:`module.__name__` if the module itself is a package). " "See :pep:`366` for further details." msgstr "" msgid "" "This attribute is used instead of :attr:`~module.__name__` to calculate " "explicit relative imports for main modules. It defaults to ``None`` for " "modules created dynamically using the :class:`types.ModuleType` constructor; " "use :func:`importlib.util.module_from_spec` instead to ensure the attribute " "is set to a :class:`str`." msgstr "" msgid "" "It is **strongly** recommended that you use :attr:`module.__spec__.parent " "<importlib.machinery.ModuleSpec.parent>` instead of :attr:`!" "module.__package__`. :attr:`__package__` is now only used as a fallback " "if :attr:`!__spec__.parent` is not set, and this fallback path is deprecated." msgstr "" msgid "" "This attribute now defaults to ``None`` for modules created dynamically " "using the :class:`types.ModuleType` constructor. Previously the attribute " "was optional." msgstr "" msgid "" "The value of :attr:`!__package__` is expected to be the same " "as :attr:`__spec__.parent " "<importlib.machinery.ModuleSpec.parent>`. :attr:`__package__` is now only " "used as a fallback during import resolution if :attr:`!__spec__.parent` is " "not defined." msgstr "" msgid "" ":exc:`ImportWarning` is raised if an import resolution falls back to :attr:`!" "__package__` instead of :attr:`__spec__.parent " "<importlib.machinery.ModuleSpec.parent>`." msgstr "" msgid "" "Raise :exc:`DeprecationWarning` instead of :exc:`ImportWarning` when falling " "back to :attr:`!__package__` during import resolution." msgstr "" |
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