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GeezerVison is showing github.com — python-docs-ru/using/mac.po at 3.15 · python/python-docs-ru Expand file tree/ Copy pathmac.poMore file actions 608 lines (512 loc) · 22.3 KB / Copy pathmac.poFile metadata and controls608 lines (512 loc) · 22.3 KB 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589 590 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 600 601 602 603 604 605 606 607 608 # SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. # Copyright (C) 2001 Python Software Foundation # This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. # FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR. # # Translators: # python-doc bot, 2026 # #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: Python 3.15\n" "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2026-10-25 17:19+0000\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 2025-09-16 00:02+0000\n" "Last-Translator: python-doc bot, 2026\n" "Language-Team: Russian (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/" "ru/)\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" "Language: ru\n" "Plural-Forms: nplurals=4; plural=(n%10==1 && n%100!=11 ? 0 : n%10>=2 && " "n%10<=4 && (n%100<12 || n%100>14) ? 1 : n%10==0 || (n%10>=5 && n%10<=9) || " "(n%100>=11 && n%100<=14)? 2 : 3);\n" msgid "Using Python on macOS" msgstr "" msgid "" "This document aims to give an overview of macOS-specific behavior you should " "know about to get started with Python on Mac computers. Python on a Mac " "running macOS is very similar to Python on other Unix-derived platforms, but " "there are some differences in installation and some features." msgstr "" msgid "" "There are various ways to obtain and install Python for macOS. Pre-built " "versions of the most recent versions of Python are available from a number " "of distributors. Much of this document describes use of the Pythons provided " "by the CPython release team for download from the `python.org website " "<https://www.python.org/downloads/>`_. See :ref:`alternative_bundles` for " "some other options." msgstr "" msgid "Using Python for macOS from ``python.org``" msgstr "" msgid "Installation steps" msgstr "" msgid "" "For `current Python versions <https://www.python.org/downloads/>`_ (other " "than those in ``security`` status), the release team produces a **Python for " "macOS** installer package for each new release. A list of available " "installers is provided on the `macOS downloads page <https://www.python.org/" "downloads/macos/>`__. We recommend using the most recent supported Python " "version where possible. Current installers provide a `universal2 binary " "<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_binary>`_ build of Python which " "runs natively on all Macs (Apple Silicon and Intel) that are supported by a " "wide range of macOS versions, currently typically from at least **macOS " "10.15 Catalina** on." msgstr "" msgid "" "The downloaded file is a standard macOS installer package file (``.pkg``). " "File integrity information (such as checksum, size, and Sigstore signature) " "for each file is included on the release download page. Installer packages " "and their contents are signed and notarized with ``Python Software " "Foundation`` Apple Developer ID certificates to meet `macOS Gatekeeper " "requirements <https://support.apple.com/en-us/102445>`_." msgstr "" msgid "" "For a default installation, double-click on the downloaded installer package " "file. This should launch the standard macOS Installer app and display the " "first of several installer steps." msgstr "" msgid "" "Clicking on the **Continue** button brings up the **Read Me** for this " "installer. Besides other important information, the **Read Me** documents " "which Python version is going to be installed and on what versions of macOS " "it is supported. You may need to scroll through to read the whole file. By " "default, this **Read Me** will also be installed in |" "applications_python_version_literal| and available to read anytime." msgstr "" msgid "" "Clicking on **Continue** proceeds to display the license for Python and for " "other included software. You will then need to **Agree** to the license " "terms before proceeding to the next step. This license file will also be " "installed and available to be read later." msgstr "" msgid "" "After the license terms are accepted, the next step is the **Installation " "Type** display. For most uses, the standard set of installation operations " "is appropriate." msgstr "" msgid "" "By pressing the **Customize** button, you can choose to omit or select " "certain package components of the installer. Click on each package name to " "see a description of what it installs. For details of the optional free-" "threaded feature, which is installed by default, see :ref:`install-" "freethreaded-macos`." msgstr "" msgid "" "In either case, clicking **Install** will begin the install process by " "asking permission to install new software. A macOS user name with " "``Administrator`` privilege is needed as the installed Python will be " "available to all users of the Mac." msgstr "" msgid "When the installation is complete, the **Summary** window will appear." msgstr "" msgid "" "Double-click on the :command:`Install Certificates.command` icon or file in " "the |applications_python_version_literal| window to complete the " "installation." msgstr "" msgid "" "This will open a temporary :program:`Terminal` shell window that will use " "the new Python to download and install SSL root certificates for its use." msgstr "" msgid "" "If ``Successfully installed certifi`` and ``update complete`` appear in the " "terminal window, the installation is complete. Close this terminal window " "and the installer window." msgstr "" msgid "A default install will include:" msgstr "" msgid "" "A |python_version_literal| folder in your :file:`Applications` folder. In " "here you find :program:`IDLE`, the development environment that is a " "standard part of official Python distributions; and :program:`Python " "Launcher`, which handles double-clicking Python scripts from the macOS " "`Finder <https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT201732>`_." msgstr "" msgid "" "A framework :file:`/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework`, which includes the " "Python executable and libraries. The installer adds this location to your " "shell path. To uninstall Python, you can remove these three things. Symlinks " "to the Python executable are placed in :file:`/usr/local/bin/`." msgstr "" msgid "" "Recent versions of macOS include a :command:`python3` command in :file:`/usr/" "bin/python3` that links to a usually older and incomplete version of Python " "provided by and for use by the Apple development tools, :program:`Xcode` or " "the :program:`Command Line Tools for Xcode`. You should never modify or " "attempt to delete this installation, as it is Apple-controlled and is used " "by Apple-provided or third-party software. If you choose to install a newer " "Python version from ``python.org``, you will have two different but " "functional Python installations on your computer that can co-exist. The " "default installer options should ensure that its :command:`python3` will be " "used instead of the system :command:`python3`." msgstr "" msgid "How to run a Python script" msgstr "" msgid "" "There are two ways to invoke the Python interpreter. If you are familiar " "with using a Unix shell in a terminal window, you can invoke |" "python_x_dot_y_literal| or ``python3`` optionally followed by one or more " "command line options (described in :ref:`using-on-general`). The Python " "tutorial also has a useful section on :ref:`using Python interactively from " "a shell <tut-interac>`." msgstr "" msgid "" "You can also invoke the interpreter through an integrated development " "environment. :ref:`idle` is a basic editor and interpreter environment which " "is included with the standard distribution of Python. :program:`IDLE` " "includes a Help menu that allows you to access Python documentation. If you " "are completely new to Python, you can read the tutorial introduction in that " "document." msgstr "" msgid "" "There are many other editors and IDEs available, see :ref:`editors` for more " "information." msgstr "" msgid "" "To run a Python script file from the terminal window, you can invoke the " "interpreter with the name of the script file:" msgstr "" msgid "|python_x_dot_y_literal| ``myscript.py``" msgstr "" msgid "To run your script from the Finder, you can either:" msgstr "" msgid "Drag it to :program:`Python Launcher`." msgstr "" msgid "" "Select :program:`Python Launcher` as the default application to open your " "script (or any ``.py`` script) through the Finder Info window and double-" "click it. :program:`Python Launcher` has various preferences to control how " "your script is launched. Option-dragging allows you to change these for one " "invocation, or use its ``Preferences`` menu to change things globally." msgstr "" msgid "" "Be aware that running the script directly from the macOS Finder might " "produce different results than when running from a terminal window as the " "script will not be run in the usual shell environment including any setting " "of environment variables in shell profiles. And, as with any other script or " "program, be certain of what you are about to run." msgstr "" msgid "Alternative distributions" msgstr "" msgid "" "Besides the standard ``python.org`` for macOS installer, there are third-" "party distributions for macOS that may include additional functionality. " "Some popular distributions and their key features:" msgstr "" msgid "`ActivePython <https://www.activestate.com/products/python/>`_" msgstr "" msgid "Installer with multi-platform compatibility, documentation" msgstr "" msgid "`Anaconda <https://www.anaconda.com/download/>`_" msgstr "" msgid "" "Popular scientific modules (such as numpy, scipy, and pandas) and the " "``conda`` package manager." msgstr "" msgid "`Homebrew <https://brew.sh>`_" msgstr "" msgid "" "Package manager for macOS including multiple versions of Python and many " "third-party Python-based packages (including numpy, scipy, and pandas)." msgstr "" msgid "`MacPorts <https://www.macports.org>`_" msgstr "" msgid "" "Another package manager for macOS including multiple versions of Python and " "many third-party Python-based packages. May include pre-built versions of " "Python and many packages for older versions of macOS." msgstr "" msgid "" "Note that distributions might not include the latest versions of Python or " "other libraries, and are not maintained or supported by the core Python team." msgstr "" msgid "Installing additional Python packages" msgstr "" msgid "Refer to the `Python Packaging User Guide`_ for more information." msgstr "" msgid "GUI programming" msgstr "" msgid "" "There are several options for building GUI applications on the Mac with " "Python." msgstr "" msgid "" "The standard Python GUI toolkit is :mod:`tkinter`, based on the cross-" "platform Tk toolkit (https://www.tcl.tk). A macOS-native version of Tk is " "included with the installer." msgstr "" msgid "" "*PyObjC* is a Python binding to Apple's Objective-C/Cocoa framework. " "Information on PyObjC is available from :pypi:`pyobjc`." msgstr "" msgid "A number of alternative macOS GUI toolkits are available including:" msgstr "" msgid "" "`PySide <https://www.qt.io/qt-for-python>`_: Official Python bindings to the " "`Qt GUI toolkit <https://wiki.qt.io/Qt_for_Python>`_." msgstr "" msgid "" "`PyQt <https://riverbankcomputing.com/software/pyqt/>`_: Alternative Python " "bindings to Qt." msgstr "" msgid "" "`Kivy <https://kivy.org>`_: A cross-platform GUI toolkit that supports " "desktop and mobile platforms." msgstr "" msgid "" "`Toga <https://toga.readthedocs.io>`_: Part of the `BeeWare Project <https://" "beeware.org>`_; supports desktop, mobile, web and console apps." msgstr "" msgid "" "`wxPython <https://wxpython.org>`_: A cross-platform toolkit that supports " "desktop operating systems." msgstr "" msgid "" "`Flet <https://flet.dev/>`_: A framework for building cross-platform " "desktop, mobile, and web applications in Python." msgstr "" msgid "Advanced topics" msgstr "" msgid "Installing free-threaded binaries" msgstr "" msgid "Free-threading support is now installed by default." msgstr "" msgid "" "The ``python.org`` :ref:`Python for macOS <getting-and-installing-" "macpython>` installer package installs, by default, an additional build of " "Python |version| that supports :term:`free threading` (running with " "the :term:`global interpreter lock` disabled). Check the release page on " "``python.org`` for possible updated information." msgstr "" msgid "" "The free-threaded mode is working and continues to be improved, but there is " "some additional overhead in single-threaded workloads compared to the " "regular build. Additionally, third-party packages, in particular ones with " "an :term:`extension module`, may not be ready for use in a free-threaded " "build, and will re-enable the :term:`GIL`. As of Python 3.15, free-threading " "support is installed by default. It is packaged as a separate install " "option, which can be deselected by clicking the **Customize** button on the " "**Installation Type** step of the installer as described above." msgstr "" msgid "" "If the box next to the **Free-threaded Python** package name is checked (as " "it is by default), a separate :file:`PythonT.framework` will also be " "installed alongside the normal :file:`Python.framework` in :file:`/Library/" "Frameworks`. This configuration allows a free-threaded Python |version| " "build to co-exist on your system with a traditional (GIL only) Python |" "version| build with minimal risk while installing or testing. This " "installation layout may change in future releases." msgstr "" msgid "Known cautions and limitations:" msgstr "" msgid "" "The **UNIX command-line tools** package, which is selected by default, will " "install links in :file:`/usr/local/bin` for |python_x_dot_y_t_literal|, the " "free-threaded interpreter, and |python_x_dot_y_t_literal_config|, a " "configuration utility which may be useful for package builders. " "Since :file:`/usr/local/bin` is typically included in your shell ``PATH``, " "in most cases no changes to your ``PATH`` environment variable should be " "needed to use |python_x_dot_y_t_literal|." msgstr "" msgid "" "For this release, the **Shell profile updater** package and " "the :file:`Update Shell Profile.command` in |" "applications_python_version_literal| do not support the free-threaded " "package." msgstr "" msgid "" "The free-threaded build and the traditional build have separate search paths " "and separate :file:`site-packages` directories so, by default, if you need a " "package available in both builds, it may need to be installed in both. The " "free-threaded package will install a separate instance of :program:`pip` for " "use with |python_x_dot_y_t_literal|." msgstr "" msgid "To install a package using :command:`pip` without a :command:`venv`:" msgstr "" msgid "python\\ |version|\\ t -m pip install <package_name>" msgstr "" msgid "" "When working with multiple Python environments, it is usually safest and " "easiest to :ref:`create and use virtual environments <tut-venv>`. This can " "avoid possible command name conflicts and confusion about which Python is in " "use:" msgstr "" msgid "python\\ |version|\\ t -m venv <venv_name>" msgstr "" msgid "then :command:`activate`." msgstr "" msgid "To run a free-threaded version of IDLE:" msgstr "" msgid "python\\ |version|\\ t -m idlelib" msgstr "" msgid "" "The interpreters in both builds respond to the same :ref:`PYTHON environment " "variables <using-on-envvars>` which may have unexpected results, for " "example, if you have ``PYTHONPATH`` set in a shell profile. If necessary, " "there are :ref:`command line options <using-on-interface-options>` like ``-" "E`` to ignore these environment variables." msgstr "" msgid "" "The free-threaded build links to the third-party shared libraries, such as " "``OpenSSL`` and ``Tk``, installed in the traditional framework. This means " "that both builds also share one set of trust certificates as installed by " "the :command:`Install Certificates.command` script, thus it only needs to be " "run once." msgstr "" msgid "" "If you cannot depend on the link in ``/usr/local/bin`` pointing to the " "``python.org`` free-threaded |python_x_dot_y_t_literal| (for example, if you " "want to install your own version there or some other distribution does), you " "can explicitly set your shell ``PATH`` environment variable to include the " "``PythonT`` framework ``bin`` directory:" msgstr "" msgid "" "export PATH=\"/Library/Frameworks/PythonT.framework/Versions/\\ |version|\\ /" "bin\":\"$PATH\"" msgstr "" msgid "" "The traditional framework installation by default does something similar, " "except for :file:`Python.framework`. Be aware that having both framework " "``bin`` directories in ``PATH`` can lead to confusion if there are duplicate " "names like |python_x_dot_y_literal| in both; which one is actually used " "depends on the order they appear in ``PATH``. The ``which python3.x`` or " "``which python3.xt`` commands can show which path is being used. Using " "virtual environments can help avoid such ambiguities. Another option might " "be to create a shell :command:`alias` to the desired interpreter, like:" msgstr "" msgid "" "alias py\\ |version|\\ =\"/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/\\ |" "version|\\ /bin/python\\ |version|\\ \"\n" "alias py\\ |version|\\ t=\"/Library/Frameworks/PythonT.framework/Versions/\\ " "|version|\\ /bin/python\\ |version|\\ t\"" msgstr "" msgid "Installing using the command line" msgstr "" msgid "" "If you want to use automation to install the ``python.org`` installer " "package (rather than by using the familiar macOS :program:`Installer` GUI " "app), the macOS command line :command:`installer` utility lets you select " "non-default options, too. If you are not familiar with :command:`installer`, " "it can be somewhat cryptic (see :command:`man installer` for more " "information). As an example, the following shell snippet shows one way to do " "it, using the |x_dot_y_b2_literal| release and deselecting the free-threaded " "interpreter option:" msgstr "" msgid "" "RELEASE=\"python-\\ |version|\\ .0b2-macos11.pkg\"\n" "\n" "# download installer pkg\n" "curl -O \\https://www.python.org/ftp/python/\\ |version|\\ .0/${RELEASE}\n" "\n" "# create installer choicechanges to customize the install:\n" "# disable the PythonTFramework-\\ |version|\\ package\n" "# while accepting the other defaults (install all other packages)\n" "cat > ./choicechanges.plist <<EOF\n" "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n" "<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC \"-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN\" \"\\http://" "www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd\">\n" "<plist version=\"1.0\">\n" "<array>\n" " <dict>\n" " <key>attributeSetting</key>\n" " <integer>0</integer>\n" " <key>choiceAttribute</key>\n" " <string>selected</string>\n" " <key>choiceIdentifier</key>\n" " <string>org.python.Python.PythonTFramework-\\ |version|\\ </" "string>\n" " </dict>\n" "</array>\n" "</plist>\n" "EOF\n" "\n" "sudo installer -pkg ./${RELEASE} -applyChoiceChangesXML ./" "choicechanges.plist -target /" msgstr "" msgid "" "After a default install, you can test that both builds are available with " "something like:" msgstr "" msgid "" "$ # test that the free-threaded interpreter was installed if the Unix " "Command Tools package was enabled\n" "$ /usr/local/bin/python\\ |version|\\ t -VV\n" "Python \\ |version|\\ .0b2 free-threading build (v\\ |version|\\ " ".0b2:3a83b172af, Jun 5 2024, 12:57:31) [Clang 15.0.0 (clang-1500.3.9.4)]\n" "$ # and the traditional interpreter\n" "$ /usr/local/bin/python\\ |version|\\ -VV\n" "Python \\ |version|\\ .0b2 (v\\ |version|\\ .0b2:3a83b172af, Jun 5 2024, " "12:50:24) [Clang 15.0.0 (clang-1500.3.9.4)]\n" "$ # test that they are also available without the prefix if /usr/local/bin " "is on $PATH\n" "$ python\\ |version|\\ t -VV\n" "Python \\ |version|\\ .0b2 free-threading build (v\\ |version|\\ " ".0b2:3a83b172af, Jun 5 2024, 12:57:31) [Clang 15.0.0 (clang-1500.3.9.4)]\n" "$ python\\ |version|\\ -VV\n" "Python \\ |version|\\ .0b2 (v\\ |version|\\ .0b2:3a83b172af, Jun 5 2024, " "12:50:24) [Clang 15.0.0 (clang-1500.3.9.4)]" msgstr "" msgid "" "Current ``python.org`` installers only install to fixed locations " "like :file:`/Library/Frameworks/`, :file:`/Applications`, and :file:`/usr/" "local/bin`. You cannot use the :command:`installer` ``-domain`` option to " "install to other locations." msgstr "" msgid "Distributing Python applications" msgstr "" msgid "" "A range of tools exist for converting your Python code into a standalone " "distributable application:" msgstr "" msgid "" ":pypi:`py2app`: Supports creating macOS ``.app`` bundles from a Python " "project." msgstr "" msgid "" "`Briefcase <https://briefcase.readthedocs.io>`_: Part of the `BeeWare " "Project <https://beeware.org>`_; a cross-platform packaging tool that " "supports creation of ``.app`` bundles on macOS, as well as managing signing " "and notarization." msgstr "" msgid "" "`PyInstaller <https://pyinstaller.org/>`_: A cross-platform packaging tool " "that creates a single file or folder as a distributable artifact." msgstr "" msgid "App Store compliance" msgstr "" msgid "" "Apps submitted for distribution through the macOS App Store must pass " "Apple's app review process. This process includes a set of automated " "validation rules that inspect the submitted application bundle for " "problematic code." msgstr "" msgid "" "The Python standard library contains some code that is known to violate " "these automated rules. While these violations appear to be false positives, " "Apple's review rules cannot be challenged. Therefore, it is necessary to " "modify the Python standard library for an app to pass App Store review." msgstr "" msgid "" "The Python source tree contains :source:`a patch file <Mac/Resources/app-" "store-compliance.patch>` that will remove all code that is known to cause " "issues with the App Store review process. This patch is applied " "automatically when CPython is configured with the :option:`--with-app-store-" "compliance` option." msgstr "" msgid "" "This patch is not normally required to use CPython on a Mac; nor is it " "required if you are distributing an app *outside* the macOS App Store. It is " "*only* required if you are using the macOS App Store as a distribution " "channel." msgstr "" msgid "Other resources" msgstr "Другие ресурсы" msgid "" "The `python.org Help page <https://www.python.org/about/help/>`_ has links " "to many useful resources. The `Pythonmac-SIG mailing list <https://" "www.python.org/community/sigs/current/pythonmac-sig/>`_ is another support " "resource specifically for Python users and developers on the Mac." msgstr "" |
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