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GeezerVison is showing github.com — python-doc-tw.github.io/library/code.html at master · python-doc-tw/python-doc-tw.github.io Expand file tree/ Copy pathcode.htmlMore file actions 359 lines (325 loc) · 27.6 KB / Copy pathcode.htmlFile metadata and controls359 lines (325 loc) · 27.6 KB 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="zh_TW"> <head> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>31.1. code — Interpreter base classes — Python 3.7.0 說明文件</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/pydoctheme.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" /> <script type="text/javascript" id="documentation_options" data-url_root="../" src="../_static/documentation_options.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/jquery.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/underscore.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/doctools.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/translations.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/sidebar.js"></script> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="在 Python 3.7.0 說明文件 中搜尋" href="../_static/opensearch.xml"/> <link rel="author" title="關於這些文件" href="../about.html" /> <link rel="index" title="索引" href="../genindex.html" /> <link rel="search" title="搜尋" href="../search.html" /> <link rel="copyright" title="Copyright" href="../copyright.html" /> <link rel="next" title="31.2. codeop — Compile Python code" href="codeop.html" /> <link rel="prev" title="31. Custom Python Interpreters" href="custominterp.html" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/png" href="../_static/py.png" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/code.html" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/copybutton.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/switchers.js"></script> </head><body> <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation"> <h3>瀏覽</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" accesskey="I">索引</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python 模組索引" >模組</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="codeop.html" title="31.2. codeop — Compile Python code" accesskey="N">下一頁</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="custominterp.html" title="31. 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Custom Python Interpreters</a> »</li> <li class="right"> <div class="inline-search" style="display: none" role="search"> <form class="inline-search" action="../search.html" method="get"> <input placeholder="Quick search" type="text" name="q" /> <input type="submit" value="Go" /> <input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" /> <input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" /> </form> </div> <script type="text/javascript">$('.inline-search').show(0);</script> | </li> </ul> </div> <div class="document"> <div class="documentwrapper"> <div class="bodywrapper"> <div class="body" role="main"> <div class="section" id="module-code"> <span id="code-interpreter-base-classes"></span><h1>31.1. <a class="reference internal" href="#module-code" title="code: Facilities to implement read-eval-print loops."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">code</span></code></a> — Interpreter base classes<a class="headerlink" href="#module-code" title="本標題的永久連結">¶</a></h1> <p><strong>Source code:</strong> <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.7/Lib/code.py">Lib/code.py</a></p> <hr class="docutils" /> <p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">code</span></code> module provides facilities to implement read-eval-print loops in Python. Two classes and convenience functions are included which can be used to build applications which provide an interactive interpreter prompt.</p> <dl class="class"> <dt id="code.InteractiveInterpreter"> <em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">code.</code><code class="descname">InteractiveInterpreter</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>locals=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#code.InteractiveInterpreter" title="本定義的永久連結">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>This class deals with parsing and interpreter state (the user’s namespace); it does not deal with input buffering or prompting or input file naming (the filename is always passed in explicitly). The optional <em>locals</em> argument specifies the dictionary in which code will be executed; it defaults to a newly created dictionary with key <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'__name__'</span></code> set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'__console__'</span></code> and key <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'__doc__'</span></code> set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="class"> <dt id="code.InteractiveConsole"> <em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">code.</code><code class="descname">InteractiveConsole</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>locals=None</em>, <em>filename="<console>"</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#code.InteractiveConsole" title="本定義的永久連結">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Closely emulate the behavior of the interactive Python interpreter. This class builds on <a class="reference internal" href="#code.InteractiveInterpreter" title="code.InteractiveInterpreter"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">InteractiveInterpreter</span></code></a> and adds prompting using the familiar <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.ps1</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.ps2</span></code>, and input buffering.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="code.interact"> <code class="descclassname">code.</code><code class="descname">interact</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>banner=None</em>, <em>readfunc=None</em>, <em>local=None</em>, <em>exitmsg=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#code.interact" title="本定義的永久連結">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Convenience function to run a read-eval-print loop. This creates a new instance of <a class="reference internal" href="#code.InteractiveConsole" title="code.InteractiveConsole"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">InteractiveConsole</span></code></a> and sets <em>readfunc</em> to be used as the <a class="reference internal" href="#code.InteractiveConsole.raw_input" title="code.InteractiveConsole.raw_input"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">InteractiveConsole.raw_input()</span></code></a> method, if provided. If <em>local</em> is provided, it is passed to the <a class="reference internal" href="#code.InteractiveConsole" title="code.InteractiveConsole"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">InteractiveConsole</span></code></a> constructor for use as the default namespace for the interpreter loop. The <a class="reference internal" href="#code.interact" title="code.interact"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">interact()</span></code></a> method of the instance is then run with <em>banner</em> and <em>exitmsg</em> passed as the banner and exit message to use, if provided. The console object is discarded after use.</p> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified">3.6 版更變: </span>Added <em>exitmsg</em> parameter.</p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="code.compile_command"> <code class="descclassname">code.</code><code class="descname">compile_command</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>source</em>, <em>filename="<input>"</em>, <em>symbol="single"</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#code.compile_command" title="本定義的永久連結">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>This function is useful for programs that want to emulate Python’s interpreter main loop (a.k.a. the read-eval-print loop). The tricky part is to determine when the user has entered an incomplete command that can be completed by entering more text (as opposed to a complete command or a syntax error). This function <em>almost</em> always makes the same decision as the real interpreter main loop.</p> <p><em>source</em> is the source string; <em>filename</em> is the optional filename from which source was read, defaulting to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'<input>'</span></code>; and <em>symbol</em> is the optional grammar start symbol, which should be either <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'single'</span></code> (the default) or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'eval'</span></code>.</p> <p>Returns a code object (the same as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">compile(source,</span> <span class="pre">filename,</span> <span class="pre">symbol)</span></code>) if the command is complete and valid; <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code> if the command is incomplete; raises <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#SyntaxError" title="SyntaxError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SyntaxError</span></code></a> if the command is complete and contains a syntax error, or raises <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#OverflowError" title="OverflowError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OverflowError</span></code></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a> if the command contains an invalid literal.</p> </dd></dl> <div class="section" id="interactive-interpreter-objects"> <span id="interpreter-objects"></span><h2>31.1.1. Interactive Interpreter Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#interactive-interpreter-objects" title="本標題的永久連結">¶</a></h2> <dl class="method"> <dt id="code.InteractiveInterpreter.runsource"> <code class="descclassname">InteractiveInterpreter.</code><code class="descname">runsource</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>source</em>, <em>filename="<input>"</em>, <em>symbol="single"</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#code.InteractiveInterpreter.runsource" title="本定義的永久連結">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Compile and run some source in the interpreter. Arguments are the same as for <a class="reference internal" href="#code.compile_command" title="code.compile_command"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">compile_command()</span></code></a>; the default for <em>filename</em> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'<input>'</span></code>, and for <em>symbol</em> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'single'</span></code>. One several things can happen:</p> <ul class="simple"> <li>The input is incorrect; <a class="reference internal" href="#code.compile_command" title="code.compile_command"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">compile_command()</span></code></a> raised an exception (<a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#SyntaxError" title="SyntaxError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SyntaxError</span></code></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#OverflowError" title="OverflowError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OverflowError</span></code></a>). A syntax traceback will be printed by calling the <a class="reference internal" href="#code.InteractiveInterpreter.showsyntaxerror" title="code.InteractiveInterpreter.showsyntaxerror"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">showsyntaxerror()</span></code></a> method. <a class="reference internal" href="#code.InteractiveInterpreter.runsource" title="code.InteractiveInterpreter.runsource"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">runsource()</span></code></a> returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">False</span></code>.</li> <li>The input is incomplete, and more input is required; <a class="reference internal" href="#code.compile_command" title="code.compile_command"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">compile_command()</span></code></a> returned <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>. <a class="reference internal" href="#code.InteractiveInterpreter.runsource" title="code.InteractiveInterpreter.runsource"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">runsource()</span></code></a> returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code>.</li> <li>The input is complete; <a class="reference internal" href="#code.compile_command" title="code.compile_command"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">compile_command()</span></code></a> returned a code object. The code is executed by calling the <a class="reference internal" href="#code.InteractiveInterpreter.runcode" title="code.InteractiveInterpreter.runcode"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">runcode()</span></code></a> (which also handles run-time exceptions, except for <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#SystemExit" title="SystemExit"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SystemExit</span></code></a>). <a class="reference internal" href="#code.InteractiveInterpreter.runsource" title="code.InteractiveInterpreter.runsource"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">runsource()</span></code></a> returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">False</span></code>.</li> </ul> <p>The return value can be used to decide whether to use <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.ps1</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.ps2</span></code> to prompt the next line.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="code.InteractiveInterpreter.runcode"> <code class="descclassname">InteractiveInterpreter.</code><code class="descname">runcode</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>code</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#code.InteractiveInterpreter.runcode" title="本定義的永久連結">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Execute a code object. When an exception occurs, <a class="reference internal" href="#code.InteractiveInterpreter.showtraceback" title="code.InteractiveInterpreter.showtraceback"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">showtraceback()</span></code></a> is called to display a traceback. All exceptions are caught except <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#SystemExit" title="SystemExit"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SystemExit</span></code></a>, which is allowed to propagate.</p> <p>A note about <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#KeyboardInterrupt" title="KeyboardInterrupt"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">KeyboardInterrupt</span></code></a>: this exception may occur elsewhere in this code, and may not always be caught. The caller should be prepared to deal with it.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="code.InteractiveInterpreter.showsyntaxerror"> <code class="descclassname">InteractiveInterpreter.</code><code class="descname">showsyntaxerror</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>filename=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#code.InteractiveInterpreter.showsyntaxerror" title="本定義的永久連結">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Display the syntax error that just occurred. This does not display a stack trace because there isn’t one for syntax errors. If <em>filename</em> is given, it is stuffed into the exception instead of the default filename provided by Python’s parser, because it always uses <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'<string>'</span></code> when reading from a string. The output is written by the <a class="reference internal" href="#code.InteractiveInterpreter.write" title="code.InteractiveInterpreter.write"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">write()</span></code></a> method.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="code.InteractiveInterpreter.showtraceback"> <code class="descclassname">InteractiveInterpreter.</code><code class="descname">showtraceback</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#code.InteractiveInterpreter.showtraceback" title="本定義的永久連結">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Display the exception that just occurred. We remove the first stack item because it is within the interpreter object implementation. The output is written by the <a class="reference internal" href="#code.InteractiveInterpreter.write" title="code.InteractiveInterpreter.write"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">write()</span></code></a> method.</p> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified">3.5 版更變: </span>The full chained traceback is displayed instead of just the primary traceback.</p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="code.InteractiveInterpreter.write"> <code class="descclassname">InteractiveInterpreter.</code><code class="descname">write</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>data</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#code.InteractiveInterpreter.write" title="本定義的永久連結">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Write a string to the standard error stream (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.stderr</span></code>). Derived classes should override this to provide the appropriate output handling as needed.</p> </dd></dl> </div> <div class="section" id="interactive-console-objects"> <span id="console-objects"></span><h2>31.1.2. Interactive Console Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#interactive-console-objects" title="本標題的永久連結">¶</a></h2> <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#code.InteractiveConsole" title="code.InteractiveConsole"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">InteractiveConsole</span></code></a> class is a subclass of <a class="reference internal" href="#code.InteractiveInterpreter" title="code.InteractiveInterpreter"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">InteractiveInterpreter</span></code></a>, and so offers all the methods of the interpreter objects as well as the following additions.</p> <dl class="method"> <dt id="code.InteractiveConsole.interact"> <code class="descclassname">InteractiveConsole.</code><code class="descname">interact</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>banner=None</em>, <em>exitmsg=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#code.InteractiveConsole.interact" title="本定義的永久連結">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Closely emulate the interactive Python console. The optional <em>banner</em> argument specify the banner to print before the first interaction; by default it prints a banner similar to the one printed by the standard Python interpreter, followed by the class name of the console object in parentheses (so as not to confuse this with the real interpreter – since it’s so close!).</p> <p>The optional <em>exitmsg</em> argument specifies an exit message printed when exiting. Pass the empty string to suppress the exit message. If <em>exitmsg</em> is not given or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>, a default message is printed.</p> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified">3.4 版更變: </span>To suppress printing any banner, pass an empty string.</p> </div> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified">3.6 版更變: </span>Print an exit message when exiting.</p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="code.InteractiveConsole.push"> <code class="descclassname">InteractiveConsole.</code><code class="descname">push</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>line</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#code.InteractiveConsole.push" title="本定義的永久連結">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Push a line of source text to the interpreter. The line should not have a trailing newline; it may have internal newlines. The line is appended to a buffer and the interpreter’s <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">runsource()</span></code> method is called with the concatenated contents of the buffer as source. If this indicates that the command was executed or invalid, the buffer is reset; otherwise, the command is incomplete, and the buffer is left as it was after the line was appended. The return value is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code> if more input is required, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">False</span></code> if the line was dealt with in some way (this is the same as <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">runsource()</span></code>).</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="code.InteractiveConsole.resetbuffer"> <code class="descclassname">InteractiveConsole.</code><code class="descname">resetbuffer</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#code.InteractiveConsole.resetbuffer" title="本定義的永久連結">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Remove any unhandled source text from the input buffer.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="code.InteractiveConsole.raw_input"> <code class="descclassname">InteractiveConsole.</code><code class="descname">raw_input</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>prompt=""</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#code.InteractiveConsole.raw_input" title="本定義的永久連結">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Write a prompt and read a line. The returned line does not include the trailing newline. When the user enters the EOF key sequence, <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#EOFError" title="EOFError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EOFError</span></code></a> is raised. The base implementation reads from <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.stdin</span></code>; a subclass may replace this with a different implementation.</p> </dd></dl> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation"> <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper"> <h3><a href="../contents.html">目錄</a></h3> <ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#">31.1. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">code</span></code> — Interpreter base classes</a><ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#interactive-interpreter-objects">31.1.1. 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