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// package com.rit;

public class JavaLecture6 {

public static void main(String[] args) {

// Types of Languages

// 1 - Statically-typed Languages (C/C++, Java, Scala, C#, Go, Rust, Dart, TS, Kotlin, ...)

// - Type checking at compile time

// 2 - Dynamically-typed Languages (PHP, Perl, Lua, R, Ruby, JS, Python, Julia, ...)

// - Type checking at runtime

// Java Data Types

// All Java Data-Types are separated into two groups:

// 1 - Primitive types or Value types or Simple types

// 2 - References types or Non-Primitive types or Object types or Complex types

// 1 - Primitive types (storing simple values)

// - Java has 8 primitive data types. They can be divided into 4 groups:

// - Integer Numbers: byte, short, int, long

// - Floating-Point Numbers: float, double

// - Logical Type: boolean

// - Characters: char

// - The most used primitive types are "int", "long", "double", "boolean", and "char".

// 2 - References types (storing complex structure/objects)

// - String

// - Objects

// - Arrays

// - Classes

// - Interfaces

// Sizes and Ranges of Primitive types

// boolean: It represents only 1-bit of information, but its size is not something that's precisely defined. true or false

// byte: the size is 08-bits (1 byte ), the range is from -128 to 127

// char: the size is 16-bits (2 bytes), the range is from 0 to 65536 (unsigned)

// short: the size is 16-bits (2 bytes), the range is from -32768 to 32767

// int: the size is 32-bits (4 bytes),

// long: the size is 64-bits (8 bytes),

// float: the size is 32-bits (4 bytes), approximately 6-7 significant decimal digits

// double: the size is 64-bits (8 bytes), approximately 14-16 significant decimal digits

// Default Values of Primitive types

// boolean - false

// char - \u0000

// byte, short, int, long - 0

// float, double - 0.0

// Primitive types Variables

byte age = 26;

short s = 5569;

int v1 = 712928;

long v2 = 32_754_921L;

long v3 = 4242L;

int decNum = 190;

int octNum = 0457;

int hexNum = 0xFA;

int binNum = 0b1101;

int minInt = Integer.MIN_VALUE;

int maxInt = Integer.MAX_VALUE;

float p1 = 424.42F;

double p2 = 3523184.428d;

double eps = 5e-3; // 5 * 10^(-3) = 0.0005

// System.out.println(Double.SIZE); // 64-bits

double minDbl = Double.MIN_VALUE;

double maxDbl = Double.MAX_VALUE;

char ch = 'C';

char b = 'a' + 1; // the 'b' character

char d = 'b' + 2; // the 'd' character

char ch1 = 101; // the 'e' character

char ch2 = '\u0040'; // the '@' character

boolean r1 = true;

boolean r2 = false;

boolean r3 = 5 > 2;

// References types Variables

String msg1 = "Java Programming ";

String msg2 = new String("Hi Java String");

String newStr = msg1.concat("for Android");

System.out.println(newStr);

// Happy Learning :)

}