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🏷 HTTP 5 patterns

Topic: HTTP

All Java patterns related to HTTP — java.evolved

Concurrent HTTP with virtual threads

Old ExecutorService pool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10); List<Future<String>> futures = urls.stream() .map(u -> pool.submit( () -> fetchUrl(u))) .toList(); // manual shutdown, blocking get()

Modern try (var exec = Executors .newVirtualThreadPerTaskExecutor()) { var results = urls.stream() .map(u -> exec.submit( () -> client.send(req(u), ofString()).body())) .toList().stream() .map(Future::join).toList(); }

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JDK 21+ learn more →

Modern HTTP client

Old URL url = new URL("https://api.com/data"); HttpURLConnection con = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); con.setRequestMethod("GET"); BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader( new InputStreamReader(con.getInputStream())); // read lines, close streams...

Modern var client = HttpClient.newHttpClient(); var request = HttpRequest.newBuilder() .uri(URI.create("https://api.com/data")) .build(); var response = client.send( request, BodyHandlers.ofString()); String body = response.body();

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JDK 11+ learn more →

WebSocket clients with java.net.http

Old WebSocketClient client = new WebSocketClient(serverUri) { @Override public void onMessage(String message) { handle(message); } }; client.connect();

Modern HttpClient.newHttpClient() .newWebSocketBuilder() .buildAsync(serverUri, new WebSocket.Listener() { @Override public CompletionStage<?> onText( WebSocket socket, CharSequence data, boolean last) { handle(data.toString()); return WebSocket.Listener.super .onText(socket, data, last); } });

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JDK 11+ learn more →

Deprecated URL constructors to URI

Old URL endpoint = new URL("https://example.com/api?q=java");

Modern URI endpointUri = URI.create("https://example.com/api?q=java"); URL endpoint = endpointUri.toURL();

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JDK 20+ learn more →

Built-in HTTP server

Old // Install and configure a web server // (Apache, Nginx, or embedded Jetty) // Or write boilerplate with com.sun.net.httpserver HttpServer server = HttpServer.create( new InetSocketAddress(8080), 0); server.createContext("/", exchange -> { ... }); server.start();

Modern // Terminal: serve current directory $ jwebserver // Or use the API (JDK 18+) var server = SimpleFileServer.createFileServer( new InetSocketAddress(8080), Path.of("."), OutputLevel.VERBOSE); server.start();

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JDK 18+ learn more →