添加验证码大致可以分为三个步骤:根据随机数生成验证码图片;将验证码图片显示到登录页面;认证流程中加入验证码校验。Spring Security的认证校验是由UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter过滤器完成的,所以我们的验证码校验逻辑应该在这个过滤器之前。下面一起学习下如何在上一节Spring Security自定义用户认证 的基础上加入验证码校验功能。
生成图形验证码验证码功能需要用到spring-social-config依赖:
1 2 3 4 <dependency > <groupId > org.springframework.social</groupId > <artifactId > spring-social-config</artifactId > </dependency >
首先定义一个验证码对象ImageCode:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 public class ImageCode { private BufferedImage image; private String code; private LocalDateTime expireTime; public ImageCode (BufferedImage image, String code, int expireIn) { this .image = image; this .code = code; this .expireTime = LocalDateTime.now().plusSeconds(expireIn); } public ImageCode (BufferedImage image, String code, LocalDateTime expireTime) { this .image = image; this .code = code; this .expireTime = expireTime; } boolean isExpire () { return LocalDateTime.now().isAfter(expireTime); } // get,set 略 }
ImageCode对象包含了三个属性:image图片,code验证码和expireTime过期时间。isExpire方法用于判断验证码是否已过期。
接着定义一个ValidateCodeController,用于处理生成验证码请求:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 @RestController public class ValidateController { public final static String SESSION_KEY_IMAGE_CODE = "SESSION_KEY_IMAGE_CODE" ; private SessionStrategy sessionStrategy = new HttpSessionSessionStrategy(); @GetMapping ("/code/image" ) public void createCode (HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException { ImageCode imageCode = createImageCode(); sessionStrategy.setAttribute(new ServletWebRequest(request), SESSION_KEY, imageCode); ImageIO.write(imageCode.getImage(), "jpeg" , response.getOutputStream()); } }
createImageCode方法用于生成验证码对象,org.springframework.social.connect.web.HttpSessionSessionStrategy对象封装了一些处理Session的方法,包含了setAttribute、getAttribute和removeAttribute方法,具体可以查看该类的源码。使用sessionStrategy将生成的验证码对象存储到Session中,并通过IO流将生成的图片输出到登录页面上。
其中createImageCode方法代码如下所示:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 private ImageCode createImageCode () { int width = 100 ; // 验证码图片宽度 int height = 36 ; // 验证码图片长度 int length = 4 ; // 验证码位数 int expireIn = 60 ; // 验证码有效时间 60s BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB); Graphics g = image.getGraphics(); Random random = new Random(); g.setColor(getRandColor(200 , 250 )); g.fillRect(0 , 0 , width, height); g.setFont(new Font("Times New Roman" , Font.ITALIC, 20 )); g.setColor(getRandColor(160 , 200 )); for (int i = 0 ; i < 155 ; i++) { int x = random.nextInt(width); int y = random.nextInt(height); int xl = random.nextInt(12 ); int yl = random.nextInt(12 ); g.drawLine(x, y, x + xl, y + yl); } StringBuilder sRand = new StringBuilder(); for (int i = 0 ; i < length; i++) { String rand = String.valueOf(random.nextInt(10 )); sRand.append(rand); g.setColor(new Color(20 + random.nextInt(110 ), 20 + random.nextInt(110 ), 20 + random.nextInt(110 ))); g.drawString(rand, 13 * i + 6 , 16 ); } g.dispose(); return new ImageCode(image, sRand.toString(), expireIn); } private Color getRandColor (int fc, int bc) { Random random = new Random(); if (fc > 255 ) { fc = 255 ; } if (bc > 255 ) { bc = 255 ; } int r = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc); int g = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc); int b = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc); return new Color(r, g, b); }
生成验证码的方法写好后,接下来开始改造登录页面。
改造登录页在登录页面加上如下代码:
1 2 3 4 <span style ="display: inline" > <input type ="text" name ="imageCode" placeholder ="验证码" style ="width: 50%;" /> <img src ="/code/image" /> </span >
<img>标签的src属性对应ValidateController的createImageCode方法。
要使生成验证码的请求不被拦截,需要在BrowserSecurityConfig的configure方法中配置免拦截:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 @Override protected void configure (HttpSecurity http) throws Exception { http.formLogin() // 表单登录 // http.httpBasic() // HTTP Basic .loginPage("/authentication/require" ) // 登录跳转 URL .loginProcessingUrl("/login" ) // 处理表单登录 URL .successHandler(authenticationSucessHandler) // 处理登录成功 .failureHandler(authenticationFailureHandler) // 处理登录失败 .and() .authorizeRequests() // 授权配置 .antMatchers("/authentication/require" , "/login.html" , "/code/image" ).permitAll() // 无需认证的请求路径 .anyRequest() // 所有请求 .authenticated() // 都需要认证 .and().csrf().disable(); }
重启项目,访问http://localhost:8080/login.html ,效果如下:
认证流程添加验证码校验在校验验证码的过程中,可能会抛出各种验证码类型的异常,比如“验证码错误”、“验证码已过期”等,所以我们定义一个验证码类型的异常类:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 public class ValidateCodeException extends AuthenticationException { private static final long serialVersionUID = 5022575393500654458L ; ValidateCodeException(String message) { super (message); } }
注意,这里继承的是AuthenticationException而不是Exception。
我们都知道,Spring Security实际上是由许多过滤器组成的过滤器链,处理用户登录逻辑的过滤器为UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter,而验证码校验过程应该是在这个过滤器之前的,即只有验证码校验通过后采去校验用户名和密码。由于Spring Security并没有直接提供验证码校验相关的过滤器接口,所以我们需要自己定义一个验证码校验的过滤器ValidateCodeFilter:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 @Component public class ValidateCodeFilter extends OncePerRequestFilter { @Autowired private AuthenticationFailureHandler authenticationFailureHandler; private SessionStrategy sessionStrategy = new HttpSessionSessionStrategy(); @Override protected void doFilterInternal (HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws ServletException, IOException { if (StringUtils.equalsIgnoreCase("/login" , httpServletRequest.getRequestURI()) && StringUtils.equalsIgnoreCase(httpServletRequest.getMethod(), "post" )) { try { validateCode(new ServletWebRequest(httpServletRequest)); } catch (ValidateCodeException e) { authenticationFailureHandler.onAuthenticationFailure(httpServletRequest, httpServletResponse, e); return ; } } filterChain.doFilter(httpServletRequest, httpServletResponse); } private void validateCode (ServletWebRequest servletWebRequest) throws ServletRequestBindingException { ... } }
ValidateCodeFilter继承了org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter,该过滤器只会执行一次。
在doFilterInternal方法中我们判断了请求URL是否为/login,该路径对应登录form表单的action路径,请求的方法是否为POST ,是的话进行验证码校验逻辑,否则直接执行filterChain.doFilter让代码往下走。当在验证码校验的过程中捕获到异常时,调用Spring Security的校验失败处理器AuthenticationFailureHandler进行处理。
validateCode的校验逻辑如下所示:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 private void validateCode (ServletWebRequest servletWebRequest) throws ServletRequestBindingException { ImageCode codeInSession = (ImageCode) sessionStrategy.getAttribute(servletWebRequest, ValidateController.SESSION_KEY); String codeInRequest = ServletRequestUtils.getStringParameter(servletWebRequest.getRequest(), "imageCode" ); if (StringUtils.isBlank(codeInRequest)) { throw new ValidateCodeException("验证码不能为空!" ); } if (codeInSession == null ) { throw new ValidateCodeException("验证码不存在!" ); } if (codeInSession.isExpire()) { sessionStrategy.removeAttribute(servletWebRequest, ValidateController.SESSION_KEY); throw new ValidateCodeException("验证码已过期!" ); } if (!StringUtils.equalsIgnoreCase(codeInSession.getCode(), codeInRequest)) { throw new ValidateCodeException("验证码不正确!" ); } sessionStrategy.removeAttribute(servletWebRequest, ValidateController.SESSION_KEY); }
我们分别从Session中获取了ImageCode对象和请求参数imageCode(对应登录页面的验证码<input>框name属性),然后进行了各种判断并抛出相应的异常。当验证码过期或者验证码校验通过时,我们便可以删除Session中的ImageCode属性了。
验证码校验过滤器定义好了,怎么才能将其添加到UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter前面呢?很简单,只需要在BrowserSecurityConfig的configure方法中添加些许配置即可:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 @Autowired private ValidateCodeFilter validateCodeFilter;@Override protected void configure (HttpSecurity http) throws Exception { http.addFilterBefore(validateCodeFilter, UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class) // 添加验证码校验过滤器 .formLogin() // 表单登录 // http.httpBasic() // HTTP Basic .loginPage("/authentication/require" ) // 登录跳转 URL .loginProcessingUrl("/login" ) // 处理表单登录 URL .successHandler(authenticationSucessHandler) // 处理登录成功 .failureHandler(authenticationFailureHandler) // 处理登录失败 .and() .authorizeRequests() // 授权配置 .antMatchers("/authentication/require" , "/login.html" , "/code/image" ).permitAll() // 无需认证的请求路径 .anyRequest() // 所有请求 .authenticated() // 都需要认证 .and().csrf().disable(); }
上面代码中,我们注入了ValidateCodeFilter,然后通过addFilterBefore方法将ValidateCodeFilter验证码校验过滤器添加到了UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter前面。
大功告成,重启项目,访问http://localhost:8080/login.html ,当不输入验证码时点击登录,页面显示如下:
当输入错误的验证码时点击登录,页面显示如下:
当页面加载60秒后再输入验证码点击登录,页面显示如下:
当验证码通过,并且用户名密码正确时,页面显示如下:
源码链接 https://github.com/wuyouzhuguli/SpringAll/tree/master/36.Spring-Security-ValidateCode