3.1.1. 可選模組的需求¶

Some optional modules of the standard library require third-party libraries installed for development (for example, header files must be available).

Missing requirements are reported in the configure output. Modules that are missing due to missing dependencies are listed near the end of the make output, sometimes using an internal name, for example, _ctypes for ctypes module.

If you distribute a CPython interpreter without optional modules, it's best practice to advise users, who generally expect that standard library modules are available.

建置可選模組的依賴項目為：

Note that the table does not include all optional modules; in particular, platform-specific modules like winreg are not listed here.

3.2.1. 設定腳本¶

The make regen-configure command regenerates the aclocal.m4 file and the configure script using the Tools/build/regen-configure.sh shell script which uses an Ubuntu container to get the same tools versions and have a reproducible output.

The container is optional, the following command can be run locally:

autoreconf -ivf -Werror

The generated files can change depending on the exact versions of the tools used. The container that CPython uses has Autoconf 2.72, aclocal from Automake 1.16.5, and pkg-config 1.8.1.

3.3.1. General options¶

--enable-loadable-sqlite-extensions¶

Support loadable extensions in the _sqlite extension module (default is no) of the sqlite3 module.

請見 sqlite3 模組的 sqlite3.Connection.enable_load_extension() 方法。

在 3.6 版被加入.

--disable-ipv6¶

停用 IPv6 支援（如果支援的話預設是啟用的），請見 socket 模組。

--enable-big-digits=[15|30]¶

Define the size in bits of Python int digits: 15 or 30 bits.

By default, the digit size is 30.

Define PYLONG_BITS_IN_DIGIT to 15 or 30.

參閱 sys.int_info.bits_per_digit。

--with-suffix=SUFFIX¶

將 Python 執行檔的後綴設定為 SUFFIX。

在 Windows 和 macOS 上預設的後綴是 .exe （python.exe 執行檔）、在 Emscripten node 上為 .js、在 Emscripten 瀏覽器為 .html、在 WASI 上為 .wasm，以及在其他平台為空字串（python 執行檔）。

在 3.11 版的變更: 在 WASM 平台上預設的後綴是 .js、.html 或 .wasm 中的一個。

--with-tzpath=<list of absolute paths separated by pathsep>¶

Select the default time zone search path for zoneinfo.TZPATH. See the Compile-time configuration of the zoneinfo module.

預設值：/usr/share/zoneinfo:/usr/lib/zoneinfo:/usr/share/lib/zoneinfo:/etc/zoneinfo。

請見 os.pathsep 路徑分隔符號。

在 3.9 版被加入.

--without-decimal-contextvar¶

Build the _decimal extension module using a thread-local context rather than a coroutine-local context (default), see the decimal module.

請見 decimal.HAVE_CONTEXTVAR 與 contextvars 模組。

在 3.9 版被加入.

--with-dbmliborder=<list of backend names>¶

Override order to check db backends for the dbm module

A valid value is a colon (:) separated string with the backend names:

• ndbm;

• gdbm;

• bdb.

--without-c-locale-coercion¶

Disable C locale coercion to a UTF-8 based locale (enabled by default).

不要定義 PY_COERCE_C_LOCALE 巨集。

請見 PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE 與 PEP 538。

--with-platlibdir=DIRNAME¶

Python 函式庫目錄名稱（預設為 lib ）。

Fedora 和 SuSE 在 64 位元平台上使用 lib64。

參閱 sys.platlibdir。

在 3.9 版被加入.

--with-wheel-pkg-dir=PATH¶

Directory of wheel packages used by the ensurepip module (none by default).

Some Linux distribution packaging policies recommend against bundling dependencies. For example, Fedora installs wheel packages in the /usr/share/python-wheels/ directory and don't install the ensurepip._bundled package.

在 3.10 版被加入.

--with-pkg-config=[check|yes|no]¶

Whether configure should use pkg-config to detect build dependencies.

• check（預設）：pkg-config 是可選的

• yes：pkg-config 是必要的

• no：即使存在也不使用 pkg-config 來配置

在 3.11 版被加入.

--with-missing-stdlib-config=FILE¶

Path to a JSON configuration file containing custom error messages for missing standard library modules.

This option is intended for Python distributors who wish to provide distribution-specific guidance when users encounter standard library modules that are missing or packaged separately.

The JSON file should map missing module names to custom error message strings. For example, if your distribution packages tkinter and _tkinter separately and excludes _gdbm for legal reasons, the configuration could contain:

{
    "_gdbm": "The '_gdbm' module is not available in this distribution",
    "tkinter": "Install the python-tk package to use tkinter",
    "_tkinter": "Install the python-tk package to use tkinter",
}

在 3.15 版被加入.

--enable-pystats¶

Turn on internal Python performance statistics gathering.

By default, statistics gathering is off. Use python3 -X pystats command or set PYTHONSTATS=1 environment variable to turn on statistics gathering at Python startup.

At Python exit, dump statistics if statistics gathering was on and not cleared.

效果：

• 新增 -X pystats 命令列選項。

• 新增 PYTHONSTATS 環境變數。

• 定義 Py_STATS 巨集。

• 新增函式到 sys 模組。

  • sys._stats_on()：啟用統計資料收集。

  • sys._stats_off()：關閉統計資料收集。

  • sys._stats_clear()：清除統計資料。

  • sys._stats_dump()：將統計資料轉儲到檔案，並清除統計資料。

統計資料將被轉儲到 /tmp/py_stats/ (Unix) 或 C:\temp\py_stats\ (Windows) 中的任意（可能是唯一的）檔案。如果該目錄不存在，結果將被列印到 stderr。

使用 Tools/scripts/summarize_stats.py 來讀取統計資料。

Statistics:

• Opcode:

  • Specialization: success, failure, hit, deferred, miss, deopt, failures;

  • Execution count;

  • Pair count.

• Call:

  • Inlined Python calls;

  • PyEval calls;

  • Frames pushed;

  • Frame object created;

  • Eval calls: vector, generator, legacy, function VECTORCALL, build class, slot, function "ex", API, method.

• 物件：

  • incref and decref;

  • interpreter incref and decref;

  • allocations: all, 512 bytes, 4 kiB, big;

  • free;

  • to/from free lists;

  • dictionary materialized/dematerialized;

  • type cache;

  • 最佳化嘗試；

  • optimization traces created/executed;

  • uops executed.

• 垃圾回收器：

  • 垃圾回收；

  • Objects visited;

  • Objects collected.

在 3.11 版被加入.

--disable-gil¶

Enables support for running Python without the global interpreter lock (GIL): free-threaded build.

Defines the Py_GIL_DISABLED macro and adds "t" to sys.abiflags.

細節請參見 Free-threaded CPython。

在 3.13 版被加入.

--enable-experimental-jit=[no|yes|yes-off|interpreter]¶

Indicate how to integrate the experimental just-in-time compiler.

• no: Don't build the JIT.

• yes: Enable the JIT. To disable it at runtime, set the environment variable PYTHON_JIT=0.

• yes-off: Build the JIT, but disable it by default. To enable it at runtime, set the environment variable PYTHON_JIT=1.

• interpreter: Enable the "JIT interpreter" (only useful for those debugging the JIT itself). To disable it at runtime, set the environment variable PYTHON_JIT=0.

--enable-experimental-jit=no is the default behavior if the option is not provided, and --enable-experimental-jit is shorthand for --enable-experimental-jit=yes. See Tools/jit/README.md for more information, including how to install the necessary build-time dependencies.

備註

When building CPython with JIT enabled, ensure that your system has Python 3.11 or later installed.

在 3.13 版被加入.

PKG_CONFIG¶

Path to pkg-config utility.

PKG_CONFIG_LIBDIR¶

PKG_CONFIG_PATH¶

pkg-config 選項。

--disable-epoll¶

Build without epoll, meaning that select.epoll() will not be present even if the system provides an epoll_create function. This may be used on systems where epoll_create or epoll_create1 is available but incompatible with Linux semantics.

在 3.15 版被加入.

3.3.2. C 編譯器選項。¶

CC¶

C 編譯器指令。

CFLAGS¶

C 編譯器旗標。

CPP¶

C 預處理器指令。

CPPFLAGS¶

C 預處理器旗標，例如：-Iinclude_dir。

3.3.3. Linker options¶

LDFLAGS¶

Linker flags, e.g. -Llibrary_directory.

LIBS¶

Libraries to pass to the linker, e.g. -llibrary.

MACHDEP¶

Name for machine-dependent library files.

3.3.4. Options for third-party dependencies¶

BZIP2_CFLAGS¶

BZIP2_LIBS¶

C compiler and linker flags to link Python to libbz2, used by bz2 module, overriding pkg-config.

CURSES_CFLAGS¶

CURSES_LIBS¶

C compiler and linker flags for libncurses or libncursesw, used by curses module, overriding pkg-config.

GDBM_CFLAGS¶

GDBM_LIBS¶

C compiler and linker flags for gdbm.

LIBEDIT_CFLAGS¶

LIBEDIT_LIBS¶

C compiler and linker flags for libedit, used by readline module, overriding pkg-config.

LIBFFI_CFLAGS¶

LIBFFI_LIBS¶

C compiler and linker flags for libffi, used by ctypes module, overriding pkg-config.

LIBMPDEC_CFLAGS¶

LIBMPDEC_LIBS¶

C compiler and linker flags for libmpdec, used by decimal module, overriding pkg-config.

備註

These environment variables have no effect unless --with-system-libmpdec is specified.

LIBLZMA_CFLAGS¶

LIBLZMA_LIBS¶

C compiler and linker flags for liblzma, used by lzma module, overriding pkg-config.

LIBREADLINE_CFLAGS¶

LIBREADLINE_LIBS¶

C compiler and linker flags for libreadline, used by readline module, overriding pkg-config.

LIBSQLITE3_CFLAGS¶

LIBSQLITE3_LIBS¶

C compiler and linker flags for libsqlite3, used by sqlite3 module, overriding pkg-config.

LIBUUID_CFLAGS¶

LIBUUID_LIBS¶

C compiler and linker flags for libuuid, used by uuid module, overriding pkg-config.

LIBZSTD_CFLAGS¶

LIBZSTD_LIBS¶

C compiler and linker flags for libzstd, used by compression.zstd module, overriding pkg-config.

在 3.14 版被加入.

PANEL_CFLAGS¶

PANEL_LIBS¶

C compiler and linker flags for PANEL, overriding pkg-config.

C compiler and linker flags for libpanel or libpanelw, used by curses.panel module, overriding pkg-config.

TCLTK_CFLAGS¶

TCLTK_LIBS¶

C compiler and linker flags for TCLTK, overriding pkg-config.

ZLIB_CFLAGS¶

ZLIB_LIBS¶

C compiler and linker flags for libzlib, used by gzip module, overriding pkg-config.

3.3.5. WebAssembly options¶

--enable-wasm-dynamic-linking¶

Turn on dynamic linking support for WASM.

Dynamic linking enables dlopen. File size of the executable increases due to limited dead code elimination and additional features.

在 3.11 版被加入.

--enable-wasm-pthreads¶

Turn on pthreads support for WASM.

在 3.11 版被加入.

3.3.6. Install options¶

--prefix=PREFIX¶

Install architecture-independent files in PREFIX. On Unix, it defaults to /usr/local.

這個值可以在 runtime 使用 sys.prefix 取得。

As an example, one can use --prefix="$HOME/.local/" to install a Python in its home directory.

--exec-prefix=EPREFIX¶

Install architecture-dependent files in EPREFIX, defaults to --prefix.

這個值可以在 runtime 使用 sys.exec_prefix 取得

--disable-test-modules¶

Don't build nor install test modules, like the test package or the _testcapi extension module (built and installed by default).

在 3.10 版被加入.

--with-ensurepip=[upgrade|install|no]¶

選擇在 Python 安裝時執行的 ensurepip 命令：

• upgrade （預設）：執行 python -m ensurepip --altinstall --upgrade 命令。

• install：執行 python -m ensurepip --altinstall 命令；

• no：不要執行 ensurepip；

在 3.6 版被加入.

3.3.7. 效能選項¶

Configuring Python using --enable-optimizations --with-lto (PGO + LTO) is recommended for best performance. The experimental --enable-bolt flag can also be used to improve performance.

--enable-optimizations¶

Enable Profile Guided Optimization (PGO) using PROFILE_TASK (disabled by default).

The C compiler Clang requires llvm-profdata program for PGO. On macOS, GCC also requires it: GCC is just an alias to Clang on macOS.

Disable also semantic interposition in libpython if --enable-shared and GCC is used: add -fno-semantic-interposition to the compiler and linker flags.

備註

During the build, you may encounter compiler warnings about profile data not being available for some source files. These warnings are harmless, as only a subset of the code is exercised during profile data acquisition. To disable these warnings on Clang, manually suppress them by adding -Wno-profile-instr-unprofiled to CFLAGS.

在 3.6 版被加入.

在 3.10 版的變更: 在 GCC 上使用 -fno-semantic-interposition。

PROFILE_TASK¶

Environment variable used in the Makefile: Python command line arguments for the PGO generation task.

預設值：-m test --pgo --timeout=$(TESTTIMEOUT)。

在 3.8 版被加入.

在 3.13 版的變更: Task failure is no longer ignored silently.

--with-lto=[full|thin|no|yes]¶

Enable Link Time Optimization (LTO) in any build (disabled by default).

The C compiler Clang requires llvm-ar for LTO (ar on macOS), as well as an LTO-aware linker (ld.gold or lld).

在 3.6 版被加入.

在 3.11 版被加入: To use ThinLTO feature, use --with-lto=thin on Clang.

在 3.12 版的變更: Use ThinLTO as the default optimization policy on Clang if the compiler accepts the flag.

--enable-bolt¶

Enable usage of the BOLT post-link binary optimizer (disabled by default).

BOLT is part of the LLVM project but is not always included in their binary distributions. This flag requires that llvm-bolt and merge-fdata are available.

BOLT is still a fairly new project so this flag should be considered experimental for now. Because this tool operates on machine code its success is dependent on a combination of the build environment + the other optimization configure args + the CPU architecture, and not all combinations are supported. BOLT versions before LLVM 16 are known to crash BOLT under some scenarios. Use of LLVM 16 or newer for BOLT optimization is strongly encouraged.

The BOLT_INSTRUMENT_FLAGS and BOLT_APPLY_FLAGS configure variables can be defined to override the default set of arguments for llvm-bolt to instrument and apply BOLT data to binaries, respectively.

在 3.12 版被加入.

BOLT_APPLY_FLAGS¶

Arguments to llvm-bolt when creating a BOLT optimized binary.

在 3.12 版被加入.

BOLT_INSTRUMENT_FLAGS¶

Arguments to llvm-bolt when instrumenting binaries.

在 3.12 版被加入.

--with-computed-gotos¶

Enable computed gotos in evaluation loop (enabled by default on supported compilers).

--with-tail-call-interp¶

Enable interpreters using tail calls in CPython. If enabled, enabling PGO (--enable-optimizations) is highly recommended. This option specifically requires a C compiler with proper tail call support, and the preserve_none calling convention. For example, Clang 19 and newer supports this feature.

在 3.14 版被加入.

--without-frame-pointers¶

Disable frame pointers, which are enabled by default (see PEP 831).

By default, the build appends flags to generate frame or backchain pointers to BASECFLAGS:

• -fno-omit-frame-pointer and/or -mno-omit-leaf-frame-pointer are added when the compiler supports them.

• -marm and/or -mno-thumb is added on 32-bit ARM when supported,

• on s390x platforms, when supported, -mbackchain is added instead. of the above frame pointer flags.

• on ppc64le platforms, no compiler flags is needed since the power ABI requires that compilers maintain a back chain by default.

Frame pointers enable profilers, debuggers, and system tracing tools (perf, eBPF, dtrace, gdb) to walk the C call stack without DWARF metadata. The flags propagate to third-party C extensions through sysconfig. On compilers that do not understand them, the build silently skips them.

Downstream packagers and authors of native libraries built with custom build systems should set the same flags so the unwind chain stays unbroken across all native frames.

在 3.15 版被加入.

--without-mimalloc¶

Disable the fast mimalloc allocator (enabled by default).

This option cannot be used together with --disable-gil because the free-threaded build requires mimalloc.

另請參閱 PYTHONMALLOC 環境變數。

--without-pymalloc¶

Disable the specialized Python memory allocator pymalloc (enabled by default).

另請參閱 PYTHONMALLOC 環境變數。

--with-pymalloc-hugepages¶

Enable huge page support for pymalloc arenas (disabled by default). When enabled, the arena size on 64-bit platforms is increased to 2 MiB and arena allocation uses MAP_HUGETLB (Linux) or MEM_LARGE_PAGES (Windows) with automatic fallback to regular pages.

Even when compiled with this option, huge pages are not used at runtime unless the PYTHON_PYMALLOC_HUGEPAGES environment variable is set to 1. This opt-in is required because huge pages

• carry risks on Linux: if the huge-page pool is exhausted, page faults (including copy-on-write faults after os.fork()) deliver SIGBUS and kill the process.

• need a special privilege on Windows. See the Windows documentation for large pages for details. Python will fail on startup if the required privilege SeLockMemoryPrivilege is not held by the user.

The configure script checks that the platform supports MAP_HUGETLB and emits a warning if it is not available.

On Windows, use the --pymalloc-hugepages flag with build.bat or set the UsePymallocHugepages MSBuild property.

在 3.15 版被加入.

--without-doc-strings¶

Disable static documentation strings to reduce the memory footprint (enabled by default). Documentation strings defined in Python are not affected.

Don't define the WITH_DOC_STRINGS macro.

WITH_DOC_STRINGS¶

Define this macro to include static documentation strings in the build. It is defined by default, unless --without-doc-strings is used.

請見 PyDoc_STRVAR() 巨集。

--enable-profiling¶

Enable C-level code profiling with gprof (disabled by default).

--with-strict-overflow¶

Add -fstrict-overflow to the C compiler flags (by default we add -fno-strict-overflow instead).

--without-remote-debug¶

Deactivate remote debugging support described in PEP 768 (enabled by default). When this flag is provided the code that allows the interpreter to schedule the execution of a Python file in a separate process as described in PEP 768 is not compiled. This includes both the functionality to schedule code to be executed and the functionality to receive code to be executed.

Py_REMOTE_DEBUG¶

This macro is defined by default, unless Python is configured with --without-remote-debug.

Note that even if the macro is defined, remote debugging may not be available (for example, on an incompatible platform).

在 3.14 版被加入.

3.3.8. Python debug build¶

A debug build is Python built with the --with-pydebug configure option.

Effects of a debug build:

• Display all warnings by default: the list of default warning filters is empty in the warnings module.

• 新增 d 到 sys.abiflags。

• 新增 sys.gettotalrefcount() 函式。

• 新增 -X showrefcount 命令列選項。

• Add -d command line option and PYTHONDEBUG environment variable to debug the parser.

• Add support for the __lltrace__ variable: enable low-level tracing in the bytecode evaluation loop if the variable is defined.

• Install debug hooks on memory allocators to detect buffer overflow and other memory errors.

• 定義 Py_DEBUG 和 Py_REF_DEBUG 巨集。

• Add runtime checks: code surrounded by #ifdef Py_DEBUG and #endif. Enable assert(...) and _PyObject_ASSERT(...) assertions: don't set the NDEBUG macro (see also the --with-assertions configure option). Main runtime checks:

  • Add sanity checks on the function arguments.

  • Unicode and int objects are created with their memory filled with a pattern to detect usage of uninitialized objects.

  • Ensure that functions which can clear or replace the current exception are not called with an exception raised.

  • Check that deallocator functions don't change the current exception.

  • The garbage collector (gc.collect() function) runs some basic checks on objects consistency.

  • The Py_SAFE_DOWNCAST() macro checks for integer underflow and overflow when downcasting from wide types to narrow types.

See also the Python Development Mode and the --with-trace-refs configure option.

3.3.9. 偵錯選項¶

--with-pydebug¶

以偵錯模式建置 Python：定義 Py_DEBUG 巨集（預設不啟用）。

--with-trace-refs¶

以偵錯為目的啟用參照追蹤（預設不啟用）。

效果：

• 定義 Py_TRACE_REFS 巨集。

• 新增 sys.getobjects() 函式。

• 新增 PYTHONDUMPREFS 環境變數。

PYTHONDUMPREFS 環境變數可以用來在 Python 結束時轉儲仍然有效的物件和參照計數。

不追蹤靜態配置的物件。

在 3.8 版被加入.

在 3.13 版的變更: 這個建置現在與發佈版本建置和偵錯建置具有 ABI 相容性。

--with-assertions¶

啟用 C 斷言建置（預設不啟用）：assert(...); 和 _PyObject_ASSERT(...);。

如果設定，NDEBUG 巨集不會在 OPT 編譯器變數中定義。

另請參閱 --with-pydebug 選項（debug build），它也啟用了斷言。

在 3.6 版被加入.

--with-valgrind¶

啟用 Valgrind 支援（預設不啟用）。

--with-dtrace¶

啟用 DTrace 支援（預設不啟用）。

請參閱使用 DTrace 和 SystemTap 檢測 CPython。

在 3.6 版被加入.

--with-address-sanitizer¶

Enable AddressSanitizer memory error detector, asan (default is no). To improve ASan detection capabilities you may also want to combine this with --without-pymalloc to disable the specialized small-object allocator whose allocations are not tracked by ASan.

在 3.6 版被加入.

--with-memory-sanitizer¶

啟用 MemorySanitizer 分配錯誤偵測器 msan（預設不啟用）。

MSan reports false positives for memory initialized by libraries that are not built with MSan, so either build all dependencies with MSan or disable the extension modules that use them in Modules/Setup.local.

在 3.6 版被加入.

--with-undefined-behavior-sanitizer¶

啟用 UndefinedBehaviorSanitizer 未定義行為偵測器 ubsan（預設不啟用）。

在 3.6 版被加入.

--with-thread-sanitizer¶

啟用 ThreadSanitizer 資料競爭偵測器 tsan（預設不啟用）。

在 3.13 版被加入.

3.3.10. Linker options¶

--enable-shared¶

啟用建置共享 Python 函式庫：libpython（預設不啟用）。

--without-static-libpython¶

不要建置 libpythonMAJOR.MINOR.a 並且不要安裝 python.o（預設會建置並啟用）。

在 3.10 版被加入.

--enable-static-libpython-for-interpreter¶

Do not link the Python interpreter binary (python3) against the shared Python library; instead, statically link the interpreter against libpython as if --enable-shared had not been used, but continue to build the shared libpython (for use by other programs).

This option does nothing if --enable-shared is not used.

The default (when --enable-shared is used) is to link the Python interpreter against the built shared library.

在 3.15 版被加入.

3.3.11. 函式庫選項¶

--with-libs='lib1 ...'¶

Link against additional libraries (default is no).

--with-system-expat¶

使用已安裝的 expat 函式庫建置 pyexpat 模組（預設不建置）。

--with-system-libmpdec¶

使用已安裝的 mpdecimal 函式庫建置 _decimal 擴充模組，請參閱 decimal 模組（預設建置）。

在 3.3 版被加入.

在 3.13 版的變更: 預設使用已安裝的 mpdecimal 函式庫。

在 3.15 版的變更: A bundled copy of the library will no longer be selected implicitly if an installed mpdecimal library is not found. In Python 3.15 only, it can still be selected explicitly using --with-system-libmpdec=no or --without-system-libmpdec.

自從版本 3.13 後不推薦使用，將會自版本 3.16 中移除。: Python 3.16 不再隨附 mpdecimal 函式庫的原始碼副本。

也參考

LIBMPDEC_CFLAGS 和 LIBMPDEC_LIBS。

--with-readline=readline|editline¶

Designate a backend library for the readline module.

• readline: Use readline as the backend.

• editline: Use editline as the backend.

在 3.10 版被加入.

--without-readline¶

不要建置 readline 模組（預設會建置）。

不要定義 HAVE_LIBREADLINE 巨集。

在 3.10 版被加入.

--with-libm=STRING¶

Override libm math library to STRING (default is system-dependent).

--with-libc=STRING¶

Override libc C library to STRING (default is system-dependent).

--with-openssl=DIR¶

OpenSSL 目錄的根目錄。

在 3.7 版被加入.

--with-openssl-rpath=[no|auto|DIR]¶

Set runtime library directory (rpath) for OpenSSL libraries:

• no (default): don't set rpath;

• auto: auto-detect rpath from --with-openssl and pkg-config;

• DIR: set an explicit rpath.

在 3.10 版被加入.

3.3.12. Security options¶

--with-hash-algorithm=[fnv|siphash13|siphash24]¶

Select hash algorithm for use in Python/pyhash.c:

• siphash13（預設）；

• siphash24；

• fnv。

在 3.4 版被加入.

在 3.11 版被加入: siphash13 is added and it is the new default.

--with-builtin-hashlib-hashes=md5,sha1,sha256,sha512,sha3,blake2¶

內建雜湊模組：

• md5；

• sha1；

• sha256；

• sha512；

• sha3 (with shake);

• blake2。

在 3.9 版被加入.

--with-ssl-default-suites=[python|openssl|STRING]¶

Override the OpenSSL default cipher suites string:

• python (default): use Python's preferred selection;

• openssl: leave OpenSSL's defaults untouched;

• STRING: use a custom string

請見 ssl 模組。

在 3.7 版被加入.

在 3.10 版的變更: The settings python and STRING also set TLS 1.2 as minimum protocol version.

--disable-safety¶

Disable compiler options that are recommended by OpenSSF for security reasons with no performance overhead. If this option is not enabled, CPython will be built based on safety compiler options with no slow down. When this option is enabled, CPython will not be built with the compiler options listed below.

The following compiler options are disabled with --disable-safety:

• -fstack-protector-strong: Enable run-time checks for stack-based buffer overflows.

• -Wtrampolines: Enable warnings about trampolines that require executable stacks.

在 3.14 版被加入.

--enable-slower-safety¶

Enable compiler options that are recommended by OpenSSF for security reasons which require overhead. If this option is not enabled, CPython will not be built based on safety compiler options which performance impact. When this option is enabled, CPython will be built with the compiler options listed below.

The following compiler options are enabled with --enable-slower-safety:

• -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=3: Fortify sources with compile- and run-time checks for unsafe libc usage and buffer overflows.

在 3.14 版被加入.

3.3.13. macOS options¶

參閱 Mac/README.rst。

--enable-universalsdk¶

--enable-universalsdk=SDKDIR¶

Create a universal binary build. SDKDIR specifies which macOS SDK should be used to perform the build (default is no).

--enable-framework¶

--enable-framework=INSTALLDIR¶

Create a Python.framework rather than a traditional Unix install. Optional INSTALLDIR specifies the installation path (default is no).

--with-universal-archs=ARCH¶

Specify the kind of universal binary that should be created. This option is only valid when --enable-universalsdk is set.

選項：

• universal2（x86-64 與 arm64）；

• 32-bit（PPC 與 i386）；

• 64-bit（PPC64 與 x86-64）；

• 3-way（i386、PPC 與 x86-64）；

• intel（i386 與 x86-64）；

• intel-32（i386）；

• intel-64（x86-64）；

• all（PPC、i386、PPC64 與 x86-64）。

Note that values for this configuration item are not the same as the identifiers used for universal binary wheels on macOS. See the Python Packaging User Guide for details on the packaging platform compatibility tags used on macOS

--with-framework-name=FRAMEWORK¶

Specify the name for the python framework on macOS only valid when --enable-framework is set (default: Python).

--with-app-store-compliance¶

--with-app-store-compliance=PATCH-FILE¶

The Python standard library contains strings that are known to trigger automated inspection tool errors when submitted for distribution by the macOS and iOS App Stores. If enabled, this option will apply the list of patches that are known to correct app store compliance. A custom patch file can also be specified. This option is disabled by default.

在 3.13 版被加入.

3.3.14. iOS options¶

See Platforms/Apple/iOS/README.md.

--enable-framework=INSTALLDIR¶

Create a Python.framework. Unlike macOS, the INSTALLDIR argument specifying the installation path is mandatory.

--with-framework-name=FRAMEWORK¶

指定框架的名稱（預設值：Python）。

3.3.15. Cross compiling options¶

Cross compiling, also known as cross building, can be used to build Python for another CPU architecture or platform. Cross compiling requires a Python interpreter for the build platform. The version of the build Python must match the version of the cross compiled host Python.

--build=BUILD¶

configure for building on BUILD, usually guessed by config.guess.

--host=HOST¶

cross-compile to build programs to run on HOST (target platform)

--with-build-python=path/to/python¶

path to build python binary for cross compiling

在 3.11 版被加入.

CONFIG_SITE=file¶

An environment variable that points to a file with configure overrides.

範例 config.site 檔案：

# config.site-aarch64
ac_cv_buggy_getaddrinfo=no
ac_cv_file__dev_ptmx=yes
ac_cv_file__dev_ptc=no

HOSTRUNNER¶

Program to run CPython for the host platform for cross-compilation.

在 3.11 版被加入.

Cross compiling example:

CONFIG_SITE=config.site-aarch64 ../configure \
    --build=x86_64-pc-linux-gnu \
    --host=aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu \
    --with-build-python=../x86_64/python

3.4.1. 建置系統的主要檔案¶

• configure.ac => configure；

• Makefile.pre.in => Makefile（由 configure 建立）；

• pyconfig.h（由 configure 建立）；

• Modules/Setup: C extensions built by the Makefile using Module/makesetup shell script;

3.4.2. 主要建置步驟¶

• C 檔案（.c）被建置為目的檔（.o）。

• A static libpython library (.a) is created from objects files.

• python.o and the static libpython library are linked into the final python program.

• C extensions are built by the Makefile (see Modules/Setup).

3.4.3. 主要 Makefile 目標¶

make¶

For the most part, when rebuilding after editing some code or refreshing your checkout from upstream, all you need to do is execute make, which (per Make's semantics) builds the default target, the first one defined in the Makefile. By tradition (including in the CPython project) this is usually the all target. The configure script expands an autoconf variable, @DEF_MAKE_ALL_RULE@ to describe precisely which targets make all will build. The choices are:

• profile-opt（使用 --enable-optimizations 配置）

• bolt-opt (configured with --enable-bolt)

• build_emscripten (chosen if the host platform matches wasm32-emscripten)

• build_wasm (chosen if the host platform matches wasm32-wasi*)

• build_all (configured without explicitly using any of the others)

Depending on the most recent source file changes, Make will rebuild any targets (object files and executables) deemed out-of-date, including running configure again if necessary. Source/target dependencies are many and maintained manually however, so Make sometimes doesn't have all the information necessary to correctly detect all targets which need to be rebuilt. Depending on which targets aren't rebuilt, you might experience a number of problems. If you have build or test problems which you can't otherwise explain, make clean && make should work around most dependency problems, at the expense of longer build times.

make platform¶

Build the python program, but don't build the standard library extension modules. This generates a file named platform which contains a single line describing the details of the build platform, for example, macosx-14.3-arm64-3.12 or linux-x86_64-3.13.

make profile-opt¶

Build Python using profile-guided optimization (PGO). You can use the configure --enable-optimizations option to make this the default target of the make command (make all or just make).

make clean¶

移除建置的檔案。

make distclean¶

In addition to the work done by make clean, remove files created by the configure script. configure will have to be run before building again. [7]

make install¶

建置 all 目標並安裝 Python。

make test¶

Build the all target and run the Python test suite with the --fast-ci option without GUI tests. Variables:

• TESTOPTS：額外的 regrtest 命令列選項。

• TESTPYTHONOPTS：額外的 Python 命令列選項。

• TESTTIMEOUT：秒數表示的超時設定（預設值：10 分鐘）。

make ci¶

This is similar to make test, but uses the -ugui to also run GUI tests.

在 3.14 版被加入.

make buildbottest¶

This is similar to make test, but uses the --slow-ci option and default timeout of 20 minutes, instead of --fast-ci option.

make regen-all¶

Regenerate (almost) all generated files. These include (but are not limited to) bytecode cases, and parser generator files. See 產生的檔案 for the targets that must be run separately.

3.4.4. C 擴充模組¶

Some C extensions are built as built-in modules, like the sys module. They are built with the Py_BUILD_CORE_BUILTIN macro defined. Built-in modules have no __file__ attribute:

>>> import sys
>>> sys
<module 'sys' (built-in)>
>>> sys.__file__
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
AttributeError: module 'sys' has no attribute '__file__'

Other C extensions are built as dynamic libraries, like the _zoneinfo module. They are built with the Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE macro defined. For example on Linux x86-64:

>>> import _zoneinfo
>>> _zoneinfo
<module '_zoneinfo' from '/.../lib.linux-x86_64-3.16/_zoneinfo.cpython-316d-x86_64-linux-gnu.so'>
>>> _zoneinfo.__file__
'/.../lib.linux-x86_64-3.16/_zoneinfo.cpython-316d-x86_64-linux-gnu.so'

Modules/Setup is used to generate Makefile targets to build C extensions. At the beginning of the files, C extensions are built as built-in modules. Extensions defined after the *shared* marker are built as dynamic libraries.

The PyAPI_FUNC(), PyAPI_DATA() and PyMODINIT_FUNC macros of Include/exports.h are defined differently depending if the Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE macro is defined:

• 如果定義了 Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE，則使用 Py_EXPORTED_SYMBOL

• 否則使用 Py_IMPORTED_SYMBOL。

If the Py_BUILD_CORE_BUILTIN macro is used by mistake on a C extension built as a shared library, its PyInit_xxx() function is not exported, causing an ImportError on import.

3.5.1. 預處理器旗標¶

CONFIGURE_CPPFLAGS¶

Value of CPPFLAGS variable passed to the ./configure script.

在 3.6 版被加入.

CPPFLAGS¶

(Objective) C/C++ preprocessor flags, e.g. -Iinclude_dir if you have headers in a nonstandard directory include_dir.

Both CPPFLAGS and LDFLAGS need to contain the shell's value to be able to build extension modules using the directories specified in the environment variables.

BASECPPFLAGS¶

在 3.4 版被加入.

PY_CPPFLAGS¶

Extra preprocessor flags added for building the interpreter object files.

Default: $(BASECPPFLAGS) -I. -I$(srcdir)/Include $(CONFIGURE_CPPFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS).

在 3.2 版被加入.

3.5.2. 編譯器旗標¶

CC¶

C 編譯器指令。

範例：gcc -pthread。

CXX¶

C++ 編譯器指令。

範例：g++ -pthread。

CFLAGS¶

C 編譯器旗標。

CFLAGS_NODIST¶

CFLAGS_NODIST is used for building the interpreter and stdlib C extensions. Use it when a compiler flag should not be part of CFLAGS once Python is installed (gh-65320).

In particular, CFLAGS should not contain:

• the compiler flag -I (for setting the search path for include files). The -I flags are processed from left to right, and any flags in CFLAGS would take precedence over user- and package-supplied -I flags.

• hardening flags such as -Werror because distributions cannot control whether packages installed by users conform to such heightened standards.

在 3.5 版被加入.

COMPILEALL_OPTS¶

Options passed to the compileall command line when building PYC files in make install. Default: -j0.

在 3.12 版被加入.

EXTRA_CFLAGS¶

額外的 C 編譯器旗標。

CONFIGURE_CFLAGS¶

Value of CFLAGS variable passed to the ./configure script.

在 3.2 版被加入.

CONFIGURE_CFLAGS_NODIST¶

Value of CFLAGS_NODIST variable passed to the ./configure script.

在 3.5 版被加入.

BASECFLAGS¶

基本編譯器旗標。

OPT¶

最佳化旗標。

CFLAGS_ALIASING¶

Strict or non-strict aliasing flags used to compile Python/dtoa.c.

在 3.7 版被加入.

CFLAGS_CEVAL¶

Flags used to compile Python/ceval.c.

在 3.14.5 版被加入.

CCSHARED¶

用於建置共享函式庫的編譯器旗標。

例如說 -fPIC 被使用於 Linux 與 BSD 上。

CFLAGSFORSHARED¶

用於建置直譯器目的檔的額外 C 旗標。

預設值：當使用 --enable-shared 時為 $(CCSHARED)，否則為空字串。

PY_CFLAGS¶

預設值：$(BASECFLAGS) $(OPT) $(CONFIGURE_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) $(EXTRA_CFLAGS)。

PY_CFLAGS_NODIST¶

預設值：$(CONFIGURE_CFLAGS_NODIST) $(CFLAGS_NODIST) -I$(srcdir)/Include/internal。

在 3.5 版被加入.

PY_STDMODULE_CFLAGS¶

用於建置直譯器目的檔的 C 旗標。

預設值：$(PY_CFLAGS) $(PY_CFLAGS_NODIST) $(PY_CPPFLAGS) $(CFLAGSFORSHARED)。

在 3.7 版被加入.

PY_CORE_CFLAGS¶

預設值：$(PY_STDMODULE_CFLAGS) -DPy_BUILD_CORE。

在 3.2 版被加入.

PY_BUILTIN_MODULE_CFLAGS¶

Compiler flags to build a standard library extension module as a built-in module, like the posix module.

預設值：$(PY_STDMODULE_CFLAGS) -DPy_BUILD_CORE_BUILTIN。

在 3.8 版被加入.

PURIFY¶

Purify command. Purify is a memory debugger program.

預設值：空字串（未使用）。

3.5.3. Linker flags¶

LINKCC¶

Linker command used to build programs like python and _testembed.

預設值：$(PURIFY) $(CC)。

CONFIGURE_LDFLAGS¶

Value of LDFLAGS variable passed to the ./configure script.

Avoid assigning CFLAGS, LDFLAGS, etc. so users can use them on the command line to append to these values without stomping the pre-set values.

在 3.2 版被加入.

LDFLAGS_NODIST¶

LDFLAGS_NODIST is used in the same manner as CFLAGS_NODIST. Use it when a linker flag should not be part of LDFLAGS once Python is installed (gh-65320).

In particular, LDFLAGS should not contain:

• the compiler flag -L (for setting the search path for libraries). The -L flags are processed from left to right, and any flags in LDFLAGS would take precedence over user- and package-supplied -L flags.

CONFIGURE_LDFLAGS_NODIST¶

Value of LDFLAGS_NODIST variable passed to the ./configure script.

在 3.8 版被加入.

LDFLAGS¶

Linker flags, e.g. -Llib_dir if you have libraries in a nonstandard directory lib_dir.

Both CPPFLAGS and LDFLAGS need to contain the shell's value to be able to build extension modules using the directories specified in the environment variables.

Please consider using EXE_LDFLAGS if the supplied linker flags are executable specific, e.g. GCC's -pie flag.

LIBS¶

Linker flags to pass libraries to the linker when linking the Python executable.

範例：-lrt。

LDSHARED¶

建置共享函式庫的指令。

預設值：@LDSHARED@ $(PY_LDFLAGS)。

BLDSHARED¶

建置 libpython 共享函式庫的指令。

預設值：@BLDSHARED@ $(PY_CORE_LDFLAGS)。

PY_LDFLAGS¶

預設值：$(CONFIGURE_LDFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS)。

PY_LDFLAGS_NODIST¶

預設值：$(CONFIGURE_LDFLAGS_NODIST) $(LDFLAGS_NODIST)。

在 3.8 版被加入.

PY_CORE_LDFLAGS¶

Linker flags used for building the interpreter object files.

在 3.8 版被加入.

EXE_LDFLAGS¶

Linker flags used for building executable targets such as the interpreter. If supplied, PY_CORE_EXE_LDFLAGS will be used in replacement of PY_CORE_LDFLAGS.

在 3.15 版被加入.

CONFIGURE_EXE_LDFLAGS¶

Value of EXE_LDFLAGS variable passed to the ./configure script.

在 3.15 版被加入.

PY_CORE_EXE_LDFLAGS¶

Linker flags used for building the interpreter and executable targets.

Default: $(PY_CORE_LDFLAGS)

在 3.15 版被加入.

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