GeezerVison

Syslinux is a collection of boot loaders capable of booting from drives, CDs, and over the network via PXE.

Some of the supported file systems are FAT, NTFS, ext2, ext3, ext4, XFS, UFS/FFS, and uncompressed single-device Btrfs.

Install the syslinux package.

BIOS booting will also require the gptfdisk package for BIOS/GPT setups and mtools if your /boot partition is FAT-formatted.

UEFI booting requires installing the efibootmgr package.

Installing the package is not the same as installing the boot loader. After installing the relevant package(s), the boot loader code itself needs to be installed (to the adequate area, usually the VBR or ESP) so to be able to boot the system; the following sections provide alternative instructions depending on the characteristics of your particular system.

Syslinux boot process on BIOS happens in stages:

Stage 1 - Part 1 - Load MBR

At boot, the BIOS loads the 440 byte MBR boot code at the start of the disk (/usr/lib/syslinux/bios/mbr.bin or /usr/lib/syslinux/bios/gptmbr.bin).

Stage 1 - Part 2 - Search active partition

The Stage 1 MBR boot code looks for the partition that is marked as active (boot flag in MBR disks). Let us assume this is the /boot partition, for example.

Stage 2 - Part 1 - Execute volume boot record

The Stage 1 MBR boot code executes the Volume Boot Record (VBR) of the /boot partition. In the case of Syslinux, the VBR boot code is the starting sector of /boot/syslinux/ldlinux.sys which is created by the extlinux --install command. Note that ldlinux.sys is not the same as ldlinux.c32.

Stage 2 - Part 2 - Execute /boot/syslinux/ldlinux.sys

The VBR will load the rest of /boot/syslinux/ldlinux.sys. The sector location of /boot/syslinux/ldlinux.sys should not change, otherwise syslinux will not boot.

Note In the case of Btrfs, the above method will not work since files move around resulting in changing of the sector location of ldlinux.sys. Therefore, in Btrfs the entire ldlinux.sys code is embedded in the space following the VBR and is not installed at /boot/syslinux/ldlinux.sys unlike the case of other filesystems.

Stage 3 - Load /boot/syslinux/ldlinux.c32

The /boot/syslinux/ldlinux.sys will load the /boot/syslinux/ldlinux.c32 (core module) that contains the rest of the core part of syslinux that could not be fit into ldlinux.sys (due to file-size constraints). The ldlinux.c32 file should be present in every Syslinux installation and should match the version of ldlinux.sys installed in the partition. Otherwise Syslinux will fail to boot. See https://bugzilla.syslinux.org/show_bug.cgi?id=7 for more info.

Stage 4 - Search and Load configuration file

Once Syslinux is fully loaded, it looks for /boot/syslinux/syslinux.cfg (or /boot/syslinux/extlinux.conf in some cases) and loads it if it is found. If no configuration file is found, you will be dropped to a Syslinux boot: prompt. This step and the rest of non-core parts of Syslinux (/boot/syslinux/*.c32 modules, excluding lib*.c32 and ldlinux.c32) require /boot/syslinux/lib*.c32 (library) modules to be present (https://wiki.syslinux.org/wiki/index.php/Common_Problems#ELF). The lib*.c32 library modules and non-core *.c32 modules should match the version of ldlinux.sys installed in the partition.

After executing the syslinux-install_update script, do not forget to edit /boot/syslinux/syslinux.cfg by following #Configuration and #Kernel parameters.

The syslinux-install_update script will install the boot loader code (usually to the VBR), copy *.c32 modules to /boot/syslinux/, set the boot flag, install the boot code in the MBR and copy /usr/share/syslinux/syslinux.cfg to /boot/syslinux/syslinux.cfg. It can handle MBR and GPT disks along with software RAID:

If you use a separate boot partition, make sure that it is mounted. Check with lsblk; if you do not see a /boot mountpoint, mount it before you go any further.

Run syslinux-install_update with flags: -i (install the files), -a (mark the partition active with the boot flag), -m (install the MBR boot code):

# syslinux-install_update -i -a -m

If this command fails with Syslinux BIOS install failed, the problem is likely that the extlinux binary could not find the partition containing /boot:

# extlinux --install /boot/syslinux/

extlinux: cannot find device for path /boot/syslinux
extlinux: cannot open device (null)

This can happen, for example, when upgrading from LILO which, while booting a current custom kernel, turned a kernel command line parameter of say root=/dev/sda1 into its numeric equivalent root=801, as evidenced by /proc/cmdline and the output of the mount command. Remedy the situation by either continuing with the manual install described below while specifying --device=/dev/sda1 to extlinux, or simply by first rebooting into a stock Arch Linux kernel; its use of an initramfs avoids the problem.

# syslinux-install_update -i -a -m -c /mnt

Now is the time to edit /boot/syslinux/syslinux.cfg by following #Configuration and #Kernel parameters.

Your boot partition, on which you plan to install Syslinux, must contain a FAT, ext2, ext3, ext4, or Btrfs file system. You do not have to install it on the root directory of a file system, e.g., with device /dev/sda1 mounted on /boot. For example, you can install Syslinux in the syslinux subdirectory:

# mkdir /boot/syslinux

Copy all .c32 files from /usr/lib/syslinux/bios/ to /boot/syslinux/ if you desire to use any menus or configurations other than a basic boot prompt. Do not symlink them.

# cp /usr/lib/syslinux/bios/*.c32 /boot/syslinux/

Now install the boot loader. For FAT, ext2/3/4, or btrfs boot partition use extlinux, where the device has been mounted:

# extlinux --install /boot/syslinux

Alternatively, for a FAT boot partition use syslinux, where the device is unmounted:

# syslinux --directory syslinux --install /dev/sda1

After this, proceed to install the Syslinux bootstrap code appropriate for the partition table:

• mbr.bin will be installed for an #MBR partition table, or
• gptmbr.bin will be installed for a #GUID partition table

as described in the next sections.

See Master Boot Record for further general information.

# blkid -s PTTYPE -o value /dev/sda

For an MBR partition table, ensure your boot partition is marked as "active" in your partition table (the "boot" flag is set). Applications capable of doing this include fdisk and parted. It should look like this:

# fdisk -l /dev/sda

[...]
  Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048      104447       51200   83  Linux
/dev/sda2          104448   625142447   312519000   83  Linux

Install the MBR:

# dd bs=440 count=1 conv=notrunc if=/usr/lib/syslinux/bios/mbr.bin of=/dev/sda

An alternative MBR which Syslinux provides is: altmbr.bin. This MBR does not scan for bootable partitions; instead, the last byte of the MBR is set to a value indicating which partition to boot from. Here is an example of how altmbr.bin can be copied into position:

# printf '\x5' | cat /usr/lib/syslinux/bios/altmbr.bin - | dd bs=440 count=1 conv=notrunc iflag=fullblock of=/dev/sda

In this case, a single byte of value 5 (hexadecimal) is appended to the contents of altmbr.bin and the resulting 440 bytes are written to the MBR on device sda. Syslinux was installed on the first logical partition (/dev/sda5) of the disk.

For a GPT, ensure that attribute bit 2 "Legacy BIOS bootable" is set for the /boot partition. For Parted it can be set using the "legacy_boot" flag. Using sgdisk the command to set the attribute is:

# sgdisk /dev/sda --attributes=1:set:2

This will set the attribute "legacy BIOS bootable" on partition 1 of /dev/sda. To check:

# sgdisk /dev/sda --attributes=1:show

1:2:1 (legacy BIOS bootable)

Install the MBR:

# dd bs=440 count=1 conv=notrunc if=/usr/lib/syslinux/bios/gptmbr.bin of=/dev/sda

• Using Tab to edit kernel parameters in UEFI Syslinux menu might lead to garbled display (text on top of one another). Bug report: [2]
• UEFI Syslinux does not support chainloading other EFI applications like UEFI Shell or Windows Boot Manager. Enhancement request: [3]
• In some cases, UEFI Syslinux might not boot in some Virtual Machines like QEMU/OVMF or VirtualBox or some VMware products/versions and in some UEFI emulation environments like DUET. A Syslinux contributor has confirmed no such issues present on VMware Workstation 10.0.2 and Syslinux-6.02 or later. Bug reports: [4], [5] and [6]
• Memdisk is not available for UEFI. Enhancement request: [7]
• Syslinux uses the deprecated EFI handover protocol for UEFI booting. Officially supported kernels are not affected since they are built with CONFIG_EFI_HANDOVER_PROTOCOL=y. Booting kernels built without it will fail, see FS#77632.
• Mixed mode booting (booting a x86_64 kernel from IA32 syslinux) may not work.[8]
• No proper Secure Boot support.[9]

Setup Syslinux in the EFI system partition as follows.

Copy Syslinux files to the ESP:

# mkdir -p esp/EFI/syslinux
# cp -r /usr/lib/syslinux/efi64/* esp/EFI/syslinux

Create a UEFI boot entry for Syslinux using efibootmgr:

# efibootmgr --create --disk /dev/sdX --part Y --loader /EFI/syslinux/syslinux.efi --label "Syslinux" --unicode

where /dev/sdXY is the EFI system partition containing the boot loader.

Create or edit esp/EFI/syslinux/syslinux.cfg by following #Configuration.

The Syslinux configuration file, syslinux.cfg, should be created in the same directory where you installed Syslinux. In our case, /boot/syslinux/ for BIOS systems and esp/EFI/syslinux/ for UEFI systems.

The boot loader will look for either syslinux.cfg (preferred) or extlinux.conf

This is a simple configuration file that will show a boot: prompt and will automatically boot after 5 seconds. If you want to boot directly without seeing a prompt, set PROMPT to 0.

Configuration:

* BIOS: /boot/syslinux/syslinux.cfg
* UEFI: esp/EFI/syslinux/syslinux.cfg

PROMPT 1
TIMEOUT 50
DEFAULT arch

LABEL arch
	LINUX ../vmlinuz-linux
	APPEND root=UUID=xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx rw
	INITRD ../initramfs-linux.img

LABEL archfallback
	LINUX ../vmlinuz-linux
	APPEND root=UUID=xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx rw
	INITRD ../initramfs-linux-fallback.img

Syslinux also allows you to use a boot menu. To use it, copy the menu and libutil modules to your Syslinux directory:

# cp /usr/lib/syslinux/bios/{menu,libutil}.c32 /boot/syslinux/

Additional lib*.c32 library modules are frequently needed too. See the Syslinux wiki for the module dependency tree.

Configuration:

* BIOS: /boot/syslinux/syslinux.cfg
* UEFI: esp/EFI/syslinux/syslinux.cfg

UI menu.c32
PROMPT 0

MENU TITLE Boot Menu
TIMEOUT 50
DEFAULT arch

LABEL arch
	MENU LABEL Arch Linux
	LINUX ../vmlinuz-linux
	APPEND root=UUID=xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx rw
	INITRD ../initramfs-linux.img

LABEL archfallback
	MENU LABEL Arch Linux Fallback
	LINUX ../vmlinuz-linux
	APPEND root=UUID=xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx rw
	INITRD ../initramfs-linux-fallback.img

For more details about the menu system, see the Syslinux wiki.

Syslinux also allows you to use a graphical boot menu. To use it, copy the vesamenu COM32 module to your Syslinux folder:

# cp /usr/lib/syslinux/bios/vesamenu.c32 /boot/syslinux/

Since version 5.00, additional lib*.c32 library modules are frequently needed too. See the Syslinux wiki for the module dependency tree.

This configuration uses the same menu design as the Arch Install CD, its configuration can be found at gitlab.archlinux.org. The Arch Linux background image can be downloaded from there, too. Copy the image to /boot/syslinux/splash.png.

Configuration:

* BIOS: /boot/syslinux/syslinux.cfg
* UEFI: esp/EFI/syslinux/syslinux.cfg

UI vesamenu.c32
DEFAULT arch
PROMPT 0
MENU TITLE Boot Menu
MENU BACKGROUND splash.png
TIMEOUT 50

MENU WIDTH 78
MENU MARGIN 4
MENU ROWS 5
MENU VSHIFT 10
MENU TIMEOUTROW 13
MENU TABMSGROW 11
MENU CMDLINEROW 11
MENU HELPMSGROW 16
MENU HELPMSGENDROW 29

# Refer to https://wiki.syslinux.org/wiki/index.php/Comboot/menu.c32

MENU COLOR border       30;44   #40ffffff #a0000000 std
MENU COLOR title        1;36;44 #9033ccff #a0000000 std
MENU COLOR sel          7;37;40 #e0ffffff #20ffffff all
MENU COLOR unsel        37;44   #50ffffff #a0000000 std
MENU COLOR help         37;40   #c0ffffff #a0000000 std
MENU COLOR timeout_msg  37;40   #80ffffff #00000000 std
MENU COLOR timeout      1;37;40 #c0ffffff #00000000 std
MENU COLOR msg07        37;40   #90ffffff #a0000000 std
MENU COLOR tabmsg       31;40   #30ffffff #00000000 std

LABEL arch
	MENU LABEL Arch Linux
	LINUX ../vmlinuz-linux
	APPEND root=UUID=xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx rw
	INITRD ../initramfs-linux.img

LABEL archfallback
	MENU LABEL Arch Linux Fallback
	LINUX ../vmlinuz-linux
	APPEND root=UUID=xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx rw
	INITRD ../initramfs-linux-fallback.img

vesamenu.c32 supports a MENU RESOLUTION $WIDTH $HEIGHT directive. To use it, insert MENU RESOLUTION 1440 900 into your configuration for a 1440x900 resolution. However, the background picture has to have exactly the right resolution, as Syslinux will otherwise refuse to load the menu.

To center the menu and adjust resolution, use MENU RESOLUTION, MENU HSHIFT $N and MENU VSHIFT $N where $N is a positive number. The default values are both 0 which is the upper-left hand corner of your monitor. Conversely, a negative number starts from the opposite end of the screen (e.g. VHSHIFT -4 would be 4 rows from the bottom of the screen).

To move the menu to the center, add or edit these values:

* BIOS: /boot/syslinux/syslinux.cfg
* UEFI: esp/EFI/syslinux/syslinux.cfg

MENU RESOLUTION 800 600 # or whatever your screen resolution is
MENU WIDTH 78           # width of the menu also required to bring the menu box to size
MENU VSHIFT 10          # moves menu down
MENU HSHIFT 10          # moves menu right

VESA standards are commonly a maximum of 25 rows and 80 columns, so going higher than those values might move the menu off the screen, potentially requiring editing from a rescue CD.

The kernel parameters are set by using the APPEND directive in syslinux.cfg: for each LABEL entry, a maximum of one APPEND line is accepted (i.e. spanning multiple lines is not valid).

It is recommended to make the following changes for the "fallback" entry as well.

In the simplest case, the value of the root parameter needs to be replaced; see Persistent block device naming for supported methods.

APPEND root=UUID=xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx rw

Change root=UUID=xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx to point to the correct root volume.

If you use dm-crypt encryption change the APPEND line to use your encrypted volume:

APPEND root=/dev/mapper/name cryptdevice=UUID=YYYYYYYY-YYYY-YYYY-YYYY-YYYYYYYYYYYY:name rw

If booting a btrfs subvolume, amend the APPEND line with rootflags=subvol=root_subvolume. For example, where /dev/disk/by-uuid/xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx has been mounted as a btrfs subvolume called 'ROOT' (e.g. mount -o noatime,subvol=ROOT /dev/disk/by-uuid/xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx /mnt), then the APPEND line would need to be modified as follows:

APPEND root=UUID=xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx rw rootflags=subvol=ROOT

A failure to do so will otherwise result in the following error message: ERROR: Root device mounted successfully, but /sbin/init does not exist.

If you do not want to see the Syslinux menu at all, use the #Boot prompt, and set PROMPT to 0 and comment out any UI menu entries. Setting the TIMEOUT variable to 0 might also be a good idea. Make sure there is a DEFAULT set in your syslinux.cfg. Holding either Shift or Alt, or setting either Caps Lock or Scroll Lock, during boot will allow for options other than default to be used. See the upstream wiki for additional alternatives.

Syslinux has two levels of boot loader security: a menu master password, and a per-menu-item password. Use

syslinux.cfg

MENU MASTER PASSWD password

to set a master boot loader password, and

syslinux.cfg

MENU PASSWD password

within a LABEL block to password-protect individual boot items.

The passwd can be either a cleartext password or hashed: see official documentation.

Syslinux BIOS cannot directly chainload files located on other partitions; however, chain.c32 can boot a partition boot sector (VBR) or another disk's MBR.

If you want to chainload other operating systems (such as Windows) or boot loaders, copy the chain.c32 module to the Syslinux directory (additional lib*.c32 library modules might be needed too; for details, see the instructions in the previous section). Then create a section in the configuration file:

/boot/syslinux/syslinux.cfg

LABEL windows
	MENU LABEL Windows
	COM32 chain.c32
	APPEND hd0 3

hd0 3 is the third partition on the first BIOS drive - drives are counted from zero, but partitions are counted from one.

If you are unsure about which drive your BIOS thinks is "first", you can instead use the MBR identifier, or if you are using GPT, the filesystem labels. To use the MBR identifier, run the command

# sfdisk --disk-id /dev/sdb

0xf00f1fd3

replacing /dev/sdb with the drive you wish to chainload. Using the returned hexadecimal number, 0xf00f1fd3 in this case, the syntax in syslinux.cfg is:

/boot/syslinux/syslinux.cfg

LABEL windows
	MENU LABEL Windows
	COM32 chain.c32
	APPEND mbr:0xf00f1fd3

For more details about chainloading, see the Syslinux wiki.

If you have GRUB installed on the same partition, you can chainload it by using:

/boot/syslinux/syslinux.cfg

LABEL grub2
	MENU LABEL Grub2
	COM32 chain.c32
	APPEND file=../grub/boot.img

Alternatively, it is also possible to load GRUB as a linux kernel by prepending lnxboot.img to core.img. The file lnxboot.img is part of core/grub and can be found in /usr/lib/grub/i386-pc.

/boot/syslinux/syslinux.cfg

LABEL grub2lnx
	MENU LABEL Grub2 (lnxboot)
	LINUX ../grub/i386-pc/lnxboot.img
	INITRD ../grub/i386-pc/core.img

This may be required for booting from ISO images.

Chainloading another boot loader such as Windows' is pretty obvious, as there is a definite boot loader to chain to. But with Syslinux, it is only able to load files residing on the same partition as the configuration file. Thus, if you have another version of Linux on a separate partition, without a shared /boot, it becomes necessary to employ EXTLINUX rather than the other OS's default boot loader (eg. GRUB2). Essentially, EXTLINUX can be installed on the partition superblock/VBR and be called as a separate boot loader right from the MBR installed by Syslinux. EXTLINUX is part of The Syslinux Project and is included with the syslinux package.

The following instructions assume you have Syslinux installed already. These instructions will also assume that the typical Arch Linux configuration path of /boot/syslinux is being used and the chainloaded system's / is on /dev/sda3.

From a booted Linux (likely the partition that Syslinux is set up to boot), mount the other system's root partition to your desired mount point. In this example this will be /mnt. Also, if a separate /boot partition is used on the second operating system, that will also need to be mounted. The example assumes this is /dev/sda2.

# mount /dev/sda3 /mnt
# mount /dev/sda2 /mnt/boot (only necessary for separate /boot)

Install EXTLINUX to the partition VBR, and copy necessary *.c32 files

# extlinux -i /mnt/boot/syslinux/ (first create the directory if necessary)
# cp /usr/lib/syslinux/bios/*.c32 /mnt/boot/syslinux

Create /mnt/boot/syslinux/syslinux.cfg. You can use the other Linux boot loader menu file for reference. Below is an example:

/mnt/boot/syslinux/syslinux.cfg on /dev/sda3

TIMEOUT 10

UI menu.c32

LABEL OtherLinux
	LINUX /boot/vmlinuz-linux
	INITRD /boot/initramfs-linux.img
	APPEND root=UUID=xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx rw quiet

LABEL MAIN
	COM32 chain.c32
	APPEND hd0 0

And then add an entry to your main syslinux.cfg

/boot/syslinux/syslinux.cfg

LABEL OtherLinux
	COM32 chain.c32
	APPEND hd0 3

Note that the other Linux entry in <other-OS>/boot/syslinux/syslinux.cfg will need to be edited each time you update this OS's kernel unless it has symlinks to its latest kernel and initramfs in /. Since we are booting the kernel directly and not chainloading the other OS default boot loader.

Install memtest86+.

Use this LABEL section to launch memtest:

/boot/syslinux/syslinux.cfg

LABEL memtest
	MENU LABEL Memtest86+
	LINUX ../memtest86+/memtest.bin

HDT (Hardware Detection Tool) displays hardware information. Like before, the .c32 file has to be copied from /boot/syslinux/. Additional lib*.c32 library modules might be needed too. For PCI info, copy /usr/share/hwdata/pci.ids to /boot/syslinux/pci.ids and add the following to your configuration file:

/boot/syslinux/syslinux.cfg

LABEL hdt
	MENU LABEL Hardware Info
	COM32 hdt.c32

Use the following sections to reboot or power off your machine:

/boot/syslinux/syslinux.cfg

LABEL reboot
	MENU LABEL Reboot
	COM32 reboot.c32

LABEL poweroff
	MENU LABEL Power Off
	COM32 poweroff.c32

To clear the screen when exiting the menu, add the following line:

/boot/syslinux/syslinux.cfg

MENU CLEAR

If you often have to edit your boot command with diverse parameters in the Syslinux boot prompt, then you might want to remap your keyboard layout. This allows you to enter "=", "/" and other characters easily on a non-US keyboard.

To create a compatible keymap (e.g. a german one) run:

# keytab-lilo /usr/share/kbd/keymaps/i386/qwerty/us.map.gz /usr/share/kbd/keymaps/i386/qwertz/de.map.gz > /boot/syslinux/de.ktl

Now edit syslinux.cfg and add:

/boot/syslinux/syslinux.cfg

KBDMAP de.ktl

See the Syslinux wiki for more details.

Use the option:

/boot/syslinux/syslinux.cfg

MENU HIDDEN

to hide the menu while displaying only the timeout. Press any key to bring up the menu.

PXELINUX is provided by the syslinux package.

For BIOS clients, copy the lpxelinux.0 and ldlinux.c32 to the boot directory of the client.

# cp /usr/lib/syslinux/bios/lpxelinux.0 "TFTP_root/boot/"
# cp /usr/lib/syslinux/bios/ldlinux.c32 "TFTP_root/boot/"
# mkdir "TFTP_root/boot/pxelinux.cfg"

We also created the pxelinux.cfg directory, which is where PXELINUX searches for configuration files by default. Because we do not want to discriminate between different host MACs, we then create the default configuration.

TFTP_root/boot/pxelinux.cfg/default

DEFAULT linux

LABEL linux
	KERNEL vmlinuz-linux
	APPEND initrd=initramfs-linux.img quiet ip=:::::eth0:dhcp nfsroot=10.0.0.1:/arch

Or if you are using NBD, use the following append line:

APPEND ro initrd=initramfs-linux.img ip=:::::eth0:dhcp nbd_host=10.0.0.1 nbd_port=10809 nbd_name=arch root=/dev/nbd0

PXELINUX uses the same configuration syntax as SYSLINUX; refer to the upstream documentation for more information.

The kernel and initramfs will be transferred via TFTP, so the paths to those are going to be relative to the TFTP root. Otherwise, the root filesystem is going to be the NFS mount itself, so those are relative to the root of the NFS server.

To actually load PXELINUX, replace filename "/grub/i386-pc/core.0"; in /etc/dhcpd.conf with filename "/lpxelinux.0".

Syslinux supports booting from ISO images directly using the memdisk module, see Multiboot USB drive#Using Syslinux and memdisk for examples.

See Working with the serial console#Syslinux.

It is possible to temporarily change the default Syslinux action and boot another label only during the next boot. The following command shows how to boot the archfallback label once:

# extlinux -o archfallback /boot/syslinux

During the next boot, the specified label will be booted without any Syslinux prompt showing up. The default Syslinux boot behaviour will be restored on the next reboot.

An error message such as "Failed to load ldlinux.c32" during the initial boot can be triggered by many diverse reasons. One potential reason could be a change in file system tools or in a file system structure, depending on its own version.

See also [11] (the whole page might be relevant for troubleshooting too).

You can type in the LABEL name of the entry that you want to boot (as per your syslinux.cfg). If you used the example configurations, just type:

boot: arch

If you get an error that the configuration file could not be loaded, you can pass your needed boot parameters, e.g.:

boot: ../vmlinuz-linux root=UUID=xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx rw initrd=../initramfs-linux.img

If you do not have access to boot: in ramfs, and therefore temporarily unable to boot the kernel again,

1. Create a temporary directory, in order to mount your root partition (if it does not exist already):

   # mkdir /sysroot

2. Mount / under /sysroot (in case /boot/ is on the same partition, otherwise you will need to mount them both):
   Note Busybox cannot mount /boot if it is on its own ext2 partition.

   # mount /dev/sd[a-z][1-9] /sysroot

3. Edit syslinux.cfg again to suit your needs and save file.
4. Reboot.

In the case of a badly corrupted root partition (in which the journal is damaged), in the ramfs emergency shell, mount the root file system:

# mount /dev/root partition /sysroot

And grab the tune2fs binary from the root partition (it is not included in Syslinux):

# cp /sysroot/usr/bin/tune2fs /usr/bin/

Follow the instructions at ext2fs: no external journal to create a new journal for the root partition.

Certain motherboard manufacturers have less compatibility for booting from USB devices than others. While an ext4 formatted USB drive may boot on a more recent computer, some computers may hang if the boot partition containing the kernel and initramfs are not on a FAT16 partition. To prevent an older machine from loading ldlinux and failing to read syslinux.cfg, create a partition (≤ 2 GB) and format to FAT16 using dosfstools:

# mkfs.fat -F 16 /dev/sda1

then install and configure Syslinux.

• Check that you have installed gptmbr.bin for GPT and mbr.bin for MBR partition table. A "Missing operating system" message comes from mbr.bin while gptmbr.bin would show a "Missing OS" message.
• Check whether the partition that contains /boot has the "boot" flag enabled.
• Check whether the first partition at the boot device starts at sector 1 rather than sector 63 or 2048. Check this with fdisk -l. If it starts at sector 1, you can move the partition(s) with gparted from a rescue disk. Or, if you have a separate boot partition, you can back up /boot with

# cp -a /boot /boot.bak

and then boot up with the Arch install disk. Next, use cfdisk to delete the /boot partition, and recreate it. This time it should begin at the proper sector, 63. Now mount your partitions and chroot into your mounted system, as described in the installation guide. Restore /boot with the command

# cp -a /boot.bak/ /boot/

Check if /etc/fstab is correct, run:

# syslinux-install_update -iam

and reboot.

You will also get this error if you are trying to boot from an md RAID 1 array and created the array with a too new version of the metadata that Syslinux does not understand. As of August 2013 by default mdadm will create an array with version 1.2 metadata, but Syslinux does not understand metadata newer than 1.0. If this is the case you will need to recreate your RAID array using the --metadata=1.0 flag to mdadm.

Solution: Make sure the partition that contains /boot has the boot flag enabled. Also, make sure the boot flag is not enabled on the Windows partition. See the installation section above.

The MBR that comes with Syslinux looks for the first active partition that has the boot flag set. The Windows partition was likely found first and had the boot flag set. If you wanted, you could use the MBR that Windows or MS-DOS fdisk provides.

You select a menu entry and it does nothing, it just "refreshes" the menu. This usually means that you have an error in your syslinux.cfg file. Hit Tab to edit your boot parameters. Alternatively, press Esc and type in the LABEL of your boot entry (e.g. arch). Another cause could be that you do not have a kernel installed. Find a way to access your file system (through live CD, etc) and make sure that /mount/vmlinuz-linux exists and does not have a size of 0. If this is the case, reinstall your kernel.

The ldlinux.sys file has the immutable attribute set, which prevents it from being deleted or overwritten. This is because the sector location of the file must not change or else Syslinux has to be reinstalled. To remove it, run:

# chattr -i /boot/syslinux/ldlinux.sys
# rm /boot/syslinux/ldlinux.sys

Problem: As of linux-3.0, the modesetting driver tries to keep the current contents of the screen after changing the resolution (at least it does so with my Intel, when having Syslinux in text mode). It seems that this goes wrong when combined with the vesamenu module in Syslinux (the white block is actually an attempt to keep the Syslinux menu, but the driver fails to capture the picture from vesa graphics mode).

If you have a custom resolution and a vesamenu with early modesetting, try to append the following in syslinux.cfg to remove the white block and continue in graphics mode:

APPEND root=xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx rw 5 vga=current quiet splash

If Windows is installed on a different drive than Arch and you have trouble chainloading it, try the following configuration:

LABEL Windows
	MENU LABEL Windows
	COM32 chain.c32
	APPEND mbr:0xdfc1ba9e swap

Replace the mbr code with the one your Windows drive has (details above), and append swap to the options.

In some cases (e.g. boot loader unable to boot kernel) it is highly desirable to get more information from the boot process. Syslinux prints error messages to screen but the boot menu quickly overwrites the text. To avoid losing the log information, disable UI menu in syslinux.cfg and use the default "command-line" prompt. It means:

• avoid the UI directive
• avoid ONTIMEOUT
• avoid ONERROR
• avoid MENU CLEAR
• use a higher TIMEOUT
• use PROMPT 1
• use DEFAULT problematic_label

To get more detailed debug log, recompile the syslinux package with additional CFLAGS:

-DDEBUG_STDIO=1 -DCORE_DEBUG=1

Booting from btrfs with compression is not supported.[12] This error will show:

btrfs: found compressed data, cannot continue!
invalid or corrupt kernel image.

Booting from multiple-device btrfs is not supported.[13] (As of 21-Jul-2016 line 1246 in validate_device_btrfs() in main.c) This head-scratching error will show (assuming you are installing on sda1):

/boot/syslinux is device /dev/sda1
extlinux: path /boot/syslinux doesn't match device /dev/sda1

• Official website

• Boot loaders

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