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Ports
Introduction
In the very beginning, the Linux kernel
ran only on the Intel x86 series of machines.
Since many years the Linux kernel has
been ported to a growing list of architectures.
Following close behind, we have ported the Debian distribution to
these architectures. In general, this is a process with a sticky
start (as we get libc and the dynamic linker working smoothly), and
then a relatively routine, if lengthy job, of attempting to recompile
all our packages under the new architectures.
List of official ports
These ports are the officially supported architectures by the Debian project,
and either part of an official release or to be part of an upcoming one.
| Port |
Architecture |
Description |
Added |
Status |
| amd64 |
64-bit PC (amd64) |
Port to 64-bit x86 processors, to support both 32-bit and 64-bit userland.
The port supports AMD's 64-bit Opteron, Athlon and Sempron
processors, and Intel's processors with Intel 64 support, including the
Pentium D and various Xeon and Core series. |
4.0 |
released |
| arm64 |
64-bit ARM (AArch64) |
Port to the 64-bit ARM architecture with the new version 8 64-bit
instruction set (called AArch64), for processes such as the
Applied Micro X-Gene, AMD Seattle and Cavium ThunderX. |
8 |
released |
| armhf |
Hard Float ABI ARM |
Port to the 32-bit little-endian ARM architecture for boards and devices
that ship with a floating-point unit (FPU), and other modern ARM CPU features.
This port requires at least an ARMv7 CPU with Thumb-2 and VFPv3-D16
floating point support. |
7.0 |
released |
| i386 |
32-bit PC (i386) |
Port to 32-bit x86 processors, where Linux was originally
developed for the Intel 386 processors, hence the short name. Debian
supports all IA-32 processors, made by Intel (including all Pentium
series and recent Core Duo machines in 32-bit mode), AMD (K6, all Athlon
series, Athlon64 series in 32-bit mode), Cyrix and other
manufacturers. |
1.1 |
released (partial) |
| loong64 |
LoongArch (64-bit little endian) |
Port for 64-bit little-endian LoongArch architecture. |
14 |
testing |
| ppc64el |
POWER7+, POWER8 |
Port for the 64-bit little-endian POWER architecture,
using the new Open Power ELFv2 ABI. |
8 |
released |
| riscv64 |
RISC-V (64-bit little endian) |
Port for 64-bit little-endian RISC-V,
a free/open ISA. |
13 |
released |
| s390x |
System z |
Port to the 64-bit userland for IBM System z mainframes. |
7.0 |
released |
List of other ports
Debian is an operating system (OS), including a kernel and thousands
of application programs. Accordingly,
while most Debian ports are based on Linux, there also are ports based on
the Hurd kernel, and there have been ports in the past based on the FreeBSD
and NetBSD kernels.
These ports are either work in progress efforts that intend to eventually
be promoted into officially released architectures, ports that were once
officially supported but stopped being released because failed the release
qualification or had limited developer interest, or ports that are no
longer worked on and are listed for historical interest.
These ports, when they are still actively maintained, are available on
the https://www.ports.debian.org/ infrastructure.
| Port |
Architecture |
Description |
Added |
Dropped |
Status |
Superseded by |
| alpha |
Alpha |
Port to the 64-bit RISC Alpha architecture. |
2.1 |
6.0 |
ports |
- |
| arm |
OABI ARM |
Port to the 32-bit little-endian ARM architecture using the old ABI.
|
2.2 |
6.0 |
dead |
armel |
| armel |
EABI ARM |
Port to the 32-bit little-endian ARM architecture using the Embedded ABI,
that supports ARM CPUs compatible with the v5te instruction set.
This port does not take advantage of floating-point units (FPU). |
5.0 |
14 |
dead |
armhf, arm64 |
| avr32 |
Atmel 32-bit RISC |
Port to Atmel's 32-bit RISC architecture, AVR32. |
- |
- |
dead |
- |
| hppa |
HP PA-RISC |
Port to Hewlett-Packard's 32-bit PA-RISC architecture.
|
3.0 |
6.0 |
ports |
- |
| hurd-i386 |
32-bit PC (i386) |
Port to the GNU Hurd operating system, for the 32-bit x86 processors.
|
- |
- |
ports |
- |
| hurd-amd64 |
64-bit PC (amd64) |
Port to the GNU Hurd operating system, for the 64-bit x86 processors.
It supports only 64-bit, not 32-bit along 64-bit.
|
- |
- |
ports |
- |
| ia64 |
Intel Itanium IA-64 |
Port to Intel's
first 64-bit architecture. Note: this should not be confused with the
latest Intel 64-bit extensions for Pentium 4 and Celeron processors,
called Intel 64; for these, see the amd64 port.
|
3.0 |
8 |
dead |
- |
| kfreebsd-amd64 |
64-bit PC (amd64) |
Port to the kernel of FreeBSD using the glibc.
It was released as the first non-Linux port of Debian as a technology preview.
|
6.0 |
8 |
dead |
- |
| kfreebsd-i386 |
32-bit PC (i386) |
Port to the kernel of FreeBSD using the glibc.
It was released as the first non-Linux port of Debian as a technology preview.
|
6.0 |
8 |
dead |
- |
| m32 |
M32R |
Port to the 32-bit RISC microprocessor of Renesas Technology. |
- |
- |
dead |
- |
| m68k |
Motorola 68k |
Port to the 32-bit Motorola 68k series of processors — in
particular, the Sun3 range of workstations, the Apple Macintosh personal
computers, and the Atari and Amiga personal computers. |
2.0 |
4.0 |
ports |
- |
| mips |
MIPS (32-bit big-endian mode) |
Port to
the MIPS architecture which is used in (32-bit big-endian) SGI machines.
| 3.0 |
11 |
dead |
- |
| mipsel |
MIPS (32-bit little-endian mode) |
Port to
the MIPS architecture which is used in (32-bit little-endian)
Digital DECstations.
|
3.0 |
13 |
dead |
- |
| mips64el |
MIPS (64-bit little-endian mode) |
Port to the 64-bit little-endian N64 ABI for the MIPS64r1 ISA and
hardware floating-point.
|
9 |
13 |
dead |
| netbsd-i386 |
32-bit PC (i386) |
Port to the NetBSD kernel and libc, for the 32-bit x86 processors.
|
- |
- |
dead |
- |
| netbsd-alpha |
Alpha |
Port to the NetBSD kernel and libc, for the 64-bit Alpha processors.
|
- |
- |
dead |
- |
| or1k |
OpenRISC 1200 |
Port to the 32-bit OpenRISC 1200
open source CPU. |
- |
- |
dead |
- |
| powerpc |
Motorola/IBM PowerPC |
Port for many of
the 32-bit Apple Macintosh PowerMac models, and CHRP and PReP open
architecture machines. |
2.2 |
9 |
ports |
- |
| powerpcspe |
PowerPC Signal Processing Engine |
Port to the "Signal Processing Engine" hardware present on low-power 32-bit FreeScale and IBM "e500" CPUs.
|
- |
- |
dead |
- |
| ppc64 |
POWER4 to POWER9 |
Port for the 64-bit big-endian POWER architecture,
using the PowerPC ELF ABI Supplement. |
- |
- |
ports |
- |
| s390 |
S/390 and zSeries |
Port to 32-bit IBM S/390 servers. |
3.0 |
8 |
dead |
s390x |
| sparc |
Sun SPARC |
Port for the 32-bit Sun UltraSPARC series of workstations,
as well as some of their successors in the sun4 architectures.
|
2.1 |
8 |
dead |
sparc64 |
| sparc64 |
64-bit SPARC |
Port to the 64-bit SPARC processors.
|
- |
- |
ports |
- |
| sh4 |
SuperH |
Port to 32-bit Hitachi SuperH processors. Also supports the open source
J-Core processor.
|
- |
- |
ports |
- |
| x32 |
64-bit PC with 32-bit pointers |
Port to the amd64/x86_64 x32 ABI, which uses the amd64 instruction set but
with 32-bit pointers, to combine the larget register set of that ISA with
the smaller memory and cache footprint resulting from 32-bit pointers.
|
- |
- |
ports |
- |
More ports may be listed on the wiki.
Many of the above computer and processor
names are trademarks and registered trademarks of their manufacturers.
|
