A timeline of record releases with 8-bit music. Also contains demoscene events, hardware and software, art, performances, hacks, etc. Focuses on 1977-2005 and is most likely euro-centric (sorry). Suggestions and corrections much appreciated – please get in touch.
LIVE: The Whirlwind 1 plays music, see video around 5:00.
1953
REC: Two kinds of speech synthesis: Parametric Artificial Talker by Walter Lawrence and OVE by Gunnar Fant. Info + audio
1956
LIVE: Push Button Bertha, algorithmic (pop music) composition by Douglas Bolitho and Martin Klein. source
1957
LIVE: Illiac Suite by Hiller & Isaacson. Algorithmic composition performed by a string orchestra, recorded in 1967. Similar approaches later made by e.g Xenakis, Koenig, Stockhausen. source + source
SOFT: MUSIC I for IBM 704 by Max Mathews. 1ch triangle, only pitch control. source + source
1958
LIVE: The Zuse Z22 plays Hänschen Klein and Mitternachtsblues. chipflip
LIVE: Christmas carrols performed by the UNIVAC, programmed by John Kamena & colleagues. Perhaps even earlier. source
LIVE: Janet Norman plays ‘Noel’ live on TV using a Bendix G15. infoyoutube
SOFT: MUSIC II for IBM 704 by Max Mathews. 4ch wavetable. source + source
1959
LIVE: SARA (the computer) performs music in Stockholm, Sweden. source: correspondence with Göran Sundqvist
LIVE: Peter Samson progams the TX-0 to perform 1-bit Bach music. source
LIVE: Rudolf Zaripov makes algorithmic music on the URAL-2 computer. sourcepaper h/t: utz & Nikita Braguinski.
REC: Raymond Scott – Cindy Electronium. Although analogue, it’s an early example of chipmusic aesthetics. youtube
1960
SOFT: MUSIC III software for IBM 7094. By Max Mathews. source
SOFT: Peter Samson’s light pen controlled GUI-software for TX-0. 3 channels. info
1961
REC: V/A – Music From Mathematics (10″ @ Bell Telephone Laboratories) IBM 7090 (?). Also a 12″ on Decca in 1962. Listen here and here. info. sourcesource, source
1962
LIVE: Radio-broadcast featuring LaFarr Stuart and his computer music made with the CYCLONE the year before. source
REC: Merry Christmas From Honeywell Electronic Data Processing (7″ @ Honeywell) discogsaudio
REC: Wim Nijenhuis – Rekengeluiden van PASCAL (7″ @ Philips). audio and info.
REC: V/A – Music From Mathematics (LP @ Decca).
1963
REC: Bell Telephone Labs – Computer Speech (7″ @ Bell Labs) info
1964
LIVE: PDP1-music made by Bill Ackerman, Dan Smith, et al. Additional hardware and software by Peter Samson. samples + source
SOFT: Harmony Compiler for PDP-1 by Peter Samson. 4ch squarewave. chipflip. More info here + check vinyl here.
1966
LIVE: IBM 1403 line printer performs “Mungu Ibariki Afrika” for Tanzanian exchange students in Västerås, Sweden. By Roy Brandhill. source
1967
REC: A Small Computer Plays Some Samples Of Mozart’s Dice-Composition Music (LP @ Barr & Stroud). Early example of minicomputer music. info + audio h/t: irrlicht
REC: Studio Di Fonologia Musicale Di Firenze – GE-115 – Computer Concerto (7″ @ General Electric). discogs. h/t: irrlicht project
SOFT: ORPHEUS by T.H. O’Beirne. Music software for SOLIDAC. Exact year unknown. more info. h/t: irrlicht
1968
REC: V/A – FST 68 (LP @ Phono Suecia). Contains Jan W. Morthenson’s Neutron Star. Sounds by Göran Sundqvist on Datasaab D 21, edited by Morthenson in 1967. discogs + info + info
SOFT: Vercoe MUSIC 360 for IBM 360. Modified version of MUSIC IV. source
SOFT: Graphic 1 by Max Mathews and L Rossler: draw, copy, erase and edit notes with a lightpen, and store them. source
LIVE: Partita For Unattended Computer at Queen Elizabeth Hall. By Peter Zinovieff. Not computer-generated sounds, but the first live-generated computer composition (human interaction was also possible). Used the PDP8 computer. sources: here + ‘what the future sounded like’
1969
LIVE: BBC broadcasts the computer Nellie playing music. youtube
REC: John Cage & Lejaren Hiller – HPSCHD / String Quartet no. 2 (LP @ Nonesuch). Digital compositions, digital sound played with tapes. source + source
REC: Heinz von Foerster & James W Beauchamp – Music By Computers (4×7″ flexidisc @ Wiley & Sons)
SOFT: MUSIC V for IBM 360. By Max Mathews. Fully written in Fortran. source
1970
HARD: Dimi-A – almost fully digital synthesizer by Erkki Kurenniemi. 2 channels. Machine code interface. source
HARD/SOFT: GROOVE “hybrid” system for DDP-224 for modular programming and realtime performance. Screen to draw waveforms. Mainly non-digital sounds. source1234
HARD/SOFT: MUSYS for PDP-8 by Peter Grogono et al. Text-based sequencer for external devices, interactive in real-time. source + Manning, P: Computers and Music Composition. (1980)
REC: Göran Sundquist – EDB Mozart, Musikalisches Würfenspeil (7″ @ Sparekassernes Datacentraler). Mozart-covers made on Datasaab D 21 and D 22 (not the EDB). Also found on In Memoriam. discogs
REC: V/A – Kvitter som tystnar / Ett musikaliskt tärningsspel av W. A. Mozart (LP @ Industridata AB). Made with Facit EDB 3 & Datasaab D21 by e.g. Göran Sundqvist. photos & recordings
REC: V/A – Voice of the Computer: New Musical Horizons (LP @ Decca) source
1971
HARD: Dimi-O – digital video music synthesizer by Erkki Kurenniemi. Polyphonic and 1-bit video digitizer. sourcesource
HARD: The Muse by Triadex – digital music syntheszier and (deterministic) algorithmic composer. source
MEDIA: HAKMEM released, documenting various hacks at MIT, including some audio (e.g item 145 and 168).
REC: Pietro Grossi – Computer Music (3×12″ @ Two Nuns). Discogs, Youtube. “Three releases in one: a double LP of IBM/360 and IBM/1800 music from 1972, the GE-115 release above, and another GE-115 7″ from 1967 with xmas music
and more atonal stuff.” / Utz
1973
HARD/SOFT: Dimi-600 & Dismal by Erkki Kurenniemi & Jukka Ruohom. 8008-based, assembly-ish language. sourcesourcesource
SOFT: Music 11 by Barry Vercoe for PDP-11. Music progamming language, forerunner to Csound. Real-time audio synthesis and processing, etc. source
1974
SOFT: Music routine in 45 bytes (for Altair 8080?), by Paul Mork source
1975
LIVE: Steve Dompier makes the Altair 8080 play music using an AM-radio. source It was probably the first time an amateur made it, but was apparently made before.
SOFT: Alpha-numeric music with amplitude control introduced for Altair 8080 by Malcolm Wright. source
SOFT: Richard Wilson’s Music Compiler for PDP-8 (?). Polyphonic (4 channels?). Uses AM-radio. source
SOFT: Sound Synthesis Program (SSP) by Gottfried Koenig. source
1977
LIVE: The League of Automatic Music Composers live at Mills College. Networking the KIM 1, generative music. info
SOUNDCHIP: TMS 5100 (Speak & Spell, speech modules for Apple II and TI-99, arcade games, toys, etc). Further developed into e.g CD2802 and TSP50C50 until 2007. source
SOUNDCHIP: MOS SID 8580 (C128, C64C, etc) 3ch PSG. source
1986
C64: E.g Triad and 1001 Crew call their works demos. Previous works made by e.g Flash Cracking Group, Jeff Minter, Anthony Crowther and Ben Daglish.
C64: Single-channel delay: Supercan by Lars Hård (02.20), or more obviously Hysteria (#3) by Fred Gray in 1987. discussion
C64: Multispeed: Michael Winterberg, Martin Galway (Yie Ar Kung Fu II title, Terra Cresta, Short Circuit). Probably made previously (Starquake). discussion
C64: Hard Restart: Rob Hubbard’s Zoids. discussion
C64: Digitronix – editor with 3ch SID + 2ch samples.
SOFT: Soundmonitor by Chris Hülsbeck. The first tracker ever? (cmp Muzix81)
REC: Aphrodite & DJ Phantasy & Jack Smooth – DJs Unite Vol.1 (12″ @ Rogue Trooper) Amiga. info source: Aphrodite
REC: Aphrodite – Solar Flare / Fascination (12″ @ Aphrodite Recordings) 100% Amiga. info source: Aphrodite
REC: Aphrodite – Sub Groove / Shine (12″ @ Aphrodite Recordings) 100% Amiga. info source: Aphrodite
REC: AXL – Untitled (12″ @ Strike Records) Amiga. info. source: Mark N
REC: Christoph de Babalon – Love Under Will EP (12″ @ Fischkopf) Amiga. source: sh4do3
REC: Cybermouse – Surprise Attack EP (12″ @ Fischkopf) Amiga Noisetracker for the diskmag Neurowaver 1992/1993. “Manipulated st-00 to st-03 samples, plus MS-20-samples” / cybermouse (in mail). source
REC: The Destroyer – My Brain is Sick (12″ @ D-Boy) Amiga, Oktalyzer 1.57. Black Jungle is the only Destroyer-song ever that uses non-Amiga sounds (but still sequenced on the Amiga). source: The Destroyer.
REC: DJ Freak – E.P. Vol 6 (12″ @ Hard of Hearing) Amiga. info source: smurf
REMIX: Koro Osanogo – Mini Klik (Role Model remix) (12″ Relax Beat) First LSDJ-song on vinyl? source
REMIX: Tim Koch – Obatem By Night (Goto80+Extraboy Remix) (CD @ Aural Industries) C64+misc source
2004
HARD: Midines (NES midi-slave) released?
MP3: Aleksi Eeben – The White Box (Monotonik) C64. source
MP3: Blasterhead – Killbots EP (Monotonik) Gameboy. source
MP3: DMG Plantlife – The Dumbass Techno Techno EP (20kbps) source
MP3: AY Riders – ZX Spectrum is Alive (8bitpeoples) source
MP3: Overthruster does about 20 releases, much of it soundchip-based e.g 4 bit Sludge n Bass, Meth Date Dance, Vociferous Reiteration, Plays the Gameboy, Namelessly Evil. Download, info.
REC: Doctor Popular – Destroy All Presets (CD/MP3/cartridge). First Gameboy Advance cartridge release? link
REC: Max Tundra – Selected Amiga/BBC Micro Works 85-92 (MP3, no label). bandcamp
REC: V/A – 20 Years of Da Jormas (12″ @ Sewer Leak). Compilation of Amiga Protracker modules. link, listen
2017
REC: Celsius – Fire on Wax (12″ @ Sozialistischer Plattenbau). Protracker-mods from 1995. discogs. source: Celsius
2018
REC: Celsius – Fire on Wax II (12″ @ Sozialistischer Plattenbau). Protracker-mods from 1995. discogs. source: Celsius
REC: Pete Cannon – The N4 EP (12″ @ Kniteforce). Amiga OctaMED + AKAI-sampler. discogs. source: Amiga Junglism
REC: Pete Cannon – N4 Part 2 EP (12″ @ Kniteforce). Amiga OctaMED + AKAI-sampler. discogs source: Amiga Junglism
About the list
This timeline lists important/pioneering objects, works, and events relevant to the chip- and demoscene primarily up to 2005. At first I tried to limit the list with rules, but it gradually got more subjective.
What’s in the list? Mainly non-DIY releases with music composed using a computer/console where the sounds are generated by the internal sound chip, or has a very small filesize, or is made with 8-bit tracker software, or emulations of it, or music that is otherwise similar or relevant. Important technical achievements, performing music with computer peripherals, live performances, media coverage, releases of soundchips and other hardware, awards, demoscene history, and a small selection of software.
What’s not in the list? Usually I have excluded videogames, ‘other’ uses of soundchips in e.g synthesizers, arcade games, expansion modules, etc. Also many early digital/analogue experiments, ultra-limited releases, songs where the chipsounds are only for the background, etc. Remixes are included especially if a chipmusician remixed a mainstream artist.
Bizzy B (tweeted) and Brain Records has lots of Amiga.
The Impostors: “Adversity and Radar Mapper were made entirely on the Amiga 500+ with OctaMED — although they were mixed down and mastered in a DAW. We have other Amiga-only tracks uploaded to our SoundCloud and YouTube sites, although not yet released, and these can be identified by the blue, yellow and black record label images. Tracks with white labels were made on the Akai S3000, but still controlled via midi with OctaMED on the Amiga. All tracks were made around 1994/1995.”
“All Max Death, Colonel Stench, Pariah, Syndicate, Memetic, Embolism tracks. I see you have some of those artists already. But ALL their music was on Amiga only.” / Suicide Squad
Bauri, Halcyon411 (Deadmau5), Inpuj (Machinedrum, Meek, Proswell, etc), Brothomstates, Lackluster, Soundmurderer + Otto von Schirach? …
AMIGA: Christian Vogel (OctaMED, 6 first albums), Calvin Harris (I created Disco), “Possibably Diss-cuss or Zero B, as they achieved that lovely chunky sound like I did?” (Jonesey), patrick lindsey?, muffler, Unibomber: “Anal Cunt, Laurent Ho (Ingler) // ‘French Harshcore’ w/ ppl like Anti and Sexochii etc”, Black Dog Productions, hardsequencer, nuts, 8bit, amiga shock force, vdd.E and valium, John Dark e.g. this, Rage Reset and Junkalator, christoph de babalon, nation 12, bomb the bass (..), christian morgenstern (stuff, bio, video for ‘lydia on the edge of panic’, member of covert action on amiga: hawaii blue, sexy world, night of the living death), fifth era: “D S L (“Deck Smasher Lee) made some tracks using two amiga 1200’s paired togther.this was his label originally: http://www.myspace.com/ufolondon, …”
GAMEBOY: mark denardo, Gameboyzz Orchestra Project, Bud Melvin: Business Card CD Single mini-CDR (Sick Sick Sick), Nanzabukun: Game Boy Inspirat CD, Cow’p / Kema Keur: Cow’p Vs. Kema Keur 12″ (Adaadat), Gameboymusicclub Vol. 2 CD, Hot Gameboy Music CD (Plag Dich Nicht), DJ Scotch Egg – Drumized, DJ Scotch Egg – Scotch Chicken/ Scotch Party, Quarta330, logic bomb: house of zombie ninja @ retinascan (chip?),
ATARI: gwEm And The Gwemettes: Frank Sinatra / FYMW 7″ (Shitkatapult)
MISC: Alex Mauer: 9999 CD (II), Tristan Perich: 1-Bit Music audio circuit in CD jewel case (Cantaloupe), The League of Automatic Music Composers, YMCK, /////
bitshifter’s: ali my love, animal style, arcadecoma, bacalao, blasterhead, Bokusatsu Shoujo Koubou, burnkit2600, chromix, Jonny Classic & The Classic Johns, disasterpeace, dis*ka, Fan Club Orchestra Japan, hey kid nice robot, Kplecraft, Restart, SCSNiPPETS, Seed A.I., Starscream, Sulumi, TB, Timeheater, Matt Wand, M1dy / Bokusatsu Shoujo Koubou: Jappanoize Vol 1 12″ (Dualkore), Getsumen Usagi Heiki Miina Kyarakutaa Korekushon, Kill Club #001 CD (Shanshui) //////// OVERTHRUSTER, Utabi – Machurian Candy / Chipped plastic,GTO/Tricky Disco I THINK were using amigas for some of their work,,2007: REC: 8-bit – We Sold Our Souls (CD @ Ninjastar Records), 2004: REC: 8-bit – You Ain’t No Robot Bitch (CD @ Ninjastar Records) source, 2002: REC: 8-bit – 8-bit (CD @ Ninjastar Records) source, the gas man (idm-ish), zombie flesheater (breakcore): Pippilina, mikron 64, Blasterhead, a boy and his sid, räuberhöhle, Paza, sputnik booster, dropdabomb: 3chnls4bit @ retinascan (list as stu…?), sulumi: what releases are chip?, david sugar – chipmusic releases?, http://resetgeneration-site.arena.n-gage.com/downloads/soundtrack.jsp – may2008
MEDIA: otaku sweden go go!
PRECURSORS: JIM CUOMO! + Spoils of War (“Spoils of War was primarily a saw-tooth kind of band”), Gottfried Michael Koenig: Which were computer performed? Terminus 1, 2, X and Funktion [color]?,
HARD/SOFT: MUSICBOX by Knut Wiggen… Fortran … 1972?
SOFT: Dpysnd, sound editor for PDP-10 (197x) by Bill Schottstaedt.
HARD: 1977: Systems Concepts Digital Synthesizer (SCDS), built by Peter Samson for CCRMA, signal generating and processing elements all executing in parallel, and capable of running in real time. There are 256 digital oscillators, 128 signal modifiers (filters, reverb, amplitude scalers), a scratch-pad memory for communicating values between processing elements, and a large memory for reverberation and table storage. source
Boy 8-bit started with OctaMED on Amiga
FYI:
Venetian Snares: “First three cassettes and greg hates car culture and some of fuck canada and some of printf.”
Emmanuel Top: “I started with ZX81 and then C64, followed by Atari 520ST, 1040ST and many others after that.”
Celsius: “Most of my early releases were made on FT2 on PC starting from 1997. Technically 16-bit of course however relying mostly on 8bit samples that I had from my mod days. The physical 8-bit releases are The Bad Trip (1996) and Fire on Wax I and II (2017 and 2018, with unreleased jungle-mods from 1995).”
Bogdan Raczynski: “You’re correct that nearly all of my Rephlex stuff (and a number of other remixes – Warp, etc) were made either in S3M/IT. I played with XM a lot but never released anything on it “professionally” (such a wanky word, but just to say it never came out on wax/CD). I was quite chuffed that even my Bjork collaboration was 100% IT! That took a bit of effort with the vocals. :)”
Muffler: “None of the actual drum n bass releases i made after 1999 had Amiga’s own sound, I used Amiga on couple of tracks but only for midi.”
Max Tundra: “The only Max Tundra track which uses the internal Amiga sounds is the song “Fuerte” from my album “Mastered By Guy At The Exchange”. All my sequencing is done on an Amiga, but usually this controls hardware synths, samplers and modules, via a MIDI interface. I use an Amiga 500.” (e-mail 2010)
Welle: Erdball – just occasional C64-songs, atleast in all the releases here.
Omni Trio: I Started out using primitive trackers such as Pro-Tracker and Octamed. Infact ‘Mystic Stepper’ and ‘Renegade Snares’ and most of ‘Deepest Cut’ was done with Octamed. source
Laurent Ho: My 666 005 ingler “antenne medical” should not be listed. It was made with a 12bit sampler P2002-p2000 and a arp odyssey, not amiga trax.
Suicide Squad had more Amiga-made songs: R.A.W. and their remix of Wrench’s Kokyu Suru Yume, as well as Fuckcore Pt2 (Ultimate Terror Mix) and Severe Beating released as Assassins of Terror.
i need to find the titles but Frank Zappa has some purist computer based music from the ’80’s worth mentioning, also The Residents seemed to concentrate on digital and computer music as early as the late ’70’s.
thanks for the feedback. afaik kraftwerk mostly used analogue sounds, also on computer world, no? but if you can find those zappa and residents stuff it would be great to hear it!
i’m trying to get a grip purist digital music in 60s, 70s, and 80s – it’s a bit of work, hehe. it seems digitally generated sounds were not that interesting to composers after novelty value in the 60s and early 70s, to return during the 80s with FM-synthesis and samplers. i need a book on this. i have yet to find a good one which is as narrow in its scope as i am. :)
i guess Kraftwerk’s ‘Computer World’ album was mostly analog sounds, except of course for the Texas Inst chip from the Speak n Spell but more for novelty . and the VL from the casio, but i guess that’s fm really. i do believe computer editing was used though. the sounds on the Resident’s “Commercial” album sound like maybe on the VIC20 , but before the term chipmusic was used?
[…] New 1992 By chipflip Today I updated the timeline with records from the early 1990s, specifically with the Dutch hip hoppers Osdorp Posse. In 1992 […]
[…] By chipflip After Yonx’s suggestion, I decided to complete the list of soundchips in the timeline. Since the purpose of the timeline is to make a selection rather than a complete listing, I once […]
[…] Christoph de Babalon are other amigacore artists, but I am not sure which releases would fit in the timeline (ie, mainly use internal Amiga sounds). Does anyone […]
hmmm i don’t understand? this should be filed under 1962!
i also read on ubu that it’s actually included with “Music From Mathematics”, but discogs tells me that’s not true. also it’s on the “First Philadelphia Computer Music Festival” compilation (1979), but only in an abridged version.
[…] of examples of 8-bit music released on records in the 1990s, and I still haven’t updated the timeline with the info that Patric Catani was kind enough to send me. But anyway, most of it is Amiga-music […]
[…] PLATO enabled people to work with music in ways that has become attractive once again. Just imagine the feeling of showing slides on your TV/monitor. You could access recorded sounds on a magnetic audio disk, which I can imagine holds a lot of potential for physical manipulation of the sounds or songs. I’m not sure how the software worked, but it seems that you could work both on GUI-level and code-level with many programs. And of course, touch screens have become cool again and we perhaps forget that there were touchscreen GUIs to make music in the 1960s if not the 1950s (Samson and Mathews, see timeline). […]
hello Chipflip,
perhaps nobody need it but here is my Industrial / Atonal Soundscape made with my Amiga 2000 and the Noisetracker.
i send it to you because you have not talk of this genre of Amiga modules here at Chipflip.
[…] through (a torrent of) their discography to see if any of their releases should be placed in the timeline. As far as I could find, none of their releases included more than the occasional C64-song. I chose […]
[…] popular tracker ever? Also, is it the most popular 8-bit tracker in terms of vinyl releases? In the timeline there are 100+ vinyls made on Amiga, most likely in Protracker or MED. Protracker was very popular […]
Reed Ghazala worked with analogue tools and soldering and stuff. While there are examples of circuit bending that fits in this timeline (modifying 8-bit hardware, etc), it doesn’t mean that the history of circuit bending needs to be here. The way I think now. :) But yes, there could be some examples of low-tech digital circuit bending here. I suppose that happened already with the first digital consumer technologies in the 70s (ie Leauge of Automatic Music Composers, I think).
I guess I understand why you haven’t included videogame music; it would create a problem of scope–there’s just too much of it–and the focus of the chip scene is more about “artists” “appropriating” technology (scare quotes semi-ironic there) but I find it problematic.
Maybe it’s because most of the interest in this stuff is from a generation that didn’t grow up in arcades but I feel like there’s an alternate history being created that ignores the contributions of the majority of the pioneers and practitioners in the field.
It’s great that Koji Kondo and some of the C64 composers are remembered but the programmer who did the sound design for the Williams arcade machines is equally important IMO. I’d like to see some of the important milestones at least; first melody in a videogame, first background music, maybe also for consoles.
The game composers never really got the attention they deserved. Game audio was and is not valued as much as the visual. I can recommend books by Karen Collins on this. She gives some attention to both past and present game composers.
Although they were/are very close both to a chipmusic scene and the demoscene, I’ve decided to leave it out. There are some exceptions, similar to what you suggest actually, only it’s for platforms rather than videogames. Which C64-composers did the first sample routine, multispeed, hardrestart, etc. I included this because it’s interesting to see that soundchips were already “appropriated” (hehe) in the 1980s. But to see which game had what first, is a massive work that I’m not sure is relevant here in the end.
[…] yeah, recently I was interviewed by a journalist who had obviously studied my Chipflip-timeline pretty well. That was a nice change. And one of the purposes of that list was indeed to educate […]
haha, this release really is quite psycho (found a download-link).
to not bloat this timeline, there’s not much of these things here.
but i’ve added it to the page about plagiarism instead (hrmf, really need to rename that page).
also added aphex’s pacman track.
…wonder where this’ll end? :)
[…] In the 1990′s you could use chipmusic tools to make dance music hits. It was r rare to hear 8-bit songs in public before that. With a few exceptions, records with 8-bit music appeared in the 90′s and were made on the Amiga (see the timeline). […]
there’s tons of stuff missing, obviously. visuals are not a main focus, but I’d like to add some of your things. where do i find references for your 2001-works?
[…] Lejaren Hiller was one of the first people to generate music with a computer. He was doing it already in the 1950s, just like for example Douglas Bolitho and Martin Klein (info). […]
[…] There is also confusion about the music of Z22. Plenty of information seems to be offered in a DVD, which these two links talk about. If you have more info (or the DVD) feel free to get in touch. If you want more computer music history, check out the timeline. […]
[…] In the mid 90s, the hardcore 4×4-pounding of gabber slowly evolved to a slightly more, uhm, “mature” genre. This evolution, I’ve been told, was driven forward by the Australian Bloody Fist label. Many of their artists worked with Protracker on Amiga. The label manager Mark (aka Nasenbluten) told me that they made 20 releases during 1994-2004 that were more or less only made on Amiga (see timeline). […]
[…] did research for a chapter on chipmusic for an academic book on video game music. The blog also has a timeline that contains mostly chipscene-related things but also art, demoscene, hacking, etc. Yeah, and it […]
[…] being complete. And I have not been able to confirm and research these entries as much as with the Timeline. So if you find errors, please get in touch. This list is updated as time goes by so feel free to […]
[…] Peter Samson made computer music in the 1950’s and developed his own music software (see timeline). Already in 1960 he made a graphical interface for his music software for the TX-0 machine, […]
[…] Soundtracker was later hacked and modified to be less buggy and more user-friendly, most noteably by Mahoney & Kaktus’ Noisetracker in 1989. The tracker standard was set free, and spawned a sort of remix culture where open source mod-files were spread around the world for free. This was a thriving movement through the 1990’s and beyond, leaking into electronic genres such as gabber/breakcore, IDM, UK hardcore/drum n’ bass, and so on. […]
[…] tea, I have a YouTube-playlist, and I’ve written about it several times in this blog. And the timeline is full of examples by now – just search for Amiga and drool at all those rave, gabber, and […]
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