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CRuMs

Differential interference contrast micrograph of Collodictyon sp. Scale bar: 10 μm.
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Clade:	Podiata
Supergroup:	CRuMs Brown et al. 2018^[1]
Subgroups
Diphylleida Rigifilida Mantamonas Glissandra
Synonyms
Crumalia Zmitrovich, Perelygin & Zharikov 2022^[2] Varisulca Cavalier-Smith 2013, emend. 2022^[2]

CRuMs is a clade of microbial eukaryotes, whose name is an acronym of the following constituent groups: Collodictyonida, Rigifilida, and Mantamonas. It is a sister clade of the Amorphea.^[3]^[1] A new CRuMs order Glissandrida was proposed in 2025 to place the yet unclassified genus Glissandra.^[4] It more or less supersedes Varisulca, as Ancyromonadida are inferred not to be specifically related to the orders Diphylleida / Collodictyonida, Rigifilida and Mantamonadida.

Phylogeny

	Apusomonadida

	Opisthokonta (inc. fungi and animals)

CRuMs

Mantamonadida

1 2 Brown, Matthew W.; Heiss, Aaron A.; Kamikawa, Ryoma; Inagaki, Yuji; Yabuki, Akinori; Tice, Alexander K; Shiratori, Takashi; Ishida, Ken-Ichiro; Hashimoto, Tetsuo; Simpson, Alastair; Roger, Andrew (2018-01-19). "Phylogenomics Places Orphan Protistan Lineages in a Novel Eukaryotic Super-Group". Genome Biology and Evolution. 10 (2): 427–433. doi:10.1093/gbe/evy014. PMC 5793813. PMID 29360967.
1 2 Cavalier-Smith T (December 2021). "Ciliary transition zone evolution and the root of the eukaryote tree: implications for opisthokont origin and classification of kingdoms Protozoa, Plantae, and Fungi". Protoplasma. 259 (3): 487–593. doi:10.1007/s00709-021-01665-7. PMC 9010356. PMID 34940909.
↑ Lax, Gordon; Eglit, Yana; Eme, Laura; Bertrand, Erin M.; Roger, Andrew J.; Simpson, Alastair G. B. (2018-11-14). "Hemimastigophora is a novel supra-kingdom-level lineage of eukaryotes". Nature. 564 (7736): 410–414. Bibcode:2018Natur.564..410L. doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0708-8. PMID 30429611.
1 2 Yazaki, Euki; Harada, Ryo; Isogai, Ryu; Bamba, Kohei; Ishida, Ken-ichiro; Inagaki, Yuji; Shiratori, Takashi (June 2025). "Glissandra oviformis n. sp.: a novel predatory flagellate illuminates the character evolution within the eukaryotic clade CRuMs". Open Biology. 15 (6) 250057. doi:10.1098/rsob.250057. PMC 12133344. PMID 40460873.

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