GeezerVison

See also: Appendix:Variations of "est"

Languages (24)

Aromanian • Catalan • Cornish • Corsican • Danish • Elfdalian • French • Hungarian • Italian • Latin • Ligurian • Middle English • Middle French • Norman • Old English • Old French • Old Norse • Romanian • Sardinian • Scots • Swedish • Welsh

Page categories

Translingual

Etymology

Clipping of English Estonian or abbreviation of Estonian eesti.

Symbol

est

(international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Estonian.

English

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɛst/
Audio (Southern England): (file)
Rhymes: -ɛst

Etymology 1

From Middle English este, from Old English ēst (“will, consent, favour”), from Proto-West Germanic *ansti, from Proto-Germanic *anstiz (“favour, affection”), from Proto-Indo-European *ān- (“to notice; face, mouth”) or from *h₃neh₂- (“to bestow, offer, help; to enjoy”).

Cognate with Icelandic ást (“affection, love”), Dutch gunst (“favour, grace, courtesy, privilege”), German Gunst (“favour, goodwill, boon”), Danish yndest (“favour”), Swedish ynnest (“favour, indulgence, grace”).

Alternative forms

este

Noun

est (usually uncountable, plural ests)

(obsolete) Grace; favour.

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

est.

Adjective

est (not comparable)

Abbreviation of established.
Acme Manufacturing Inc., est 1952
- 2010, Julie Turjoman, Brave New Knits, page 49:
  Work sleeve, sl raglan marker, work in ribbing as est to cable marker

Derived terms

re-est

Etymology 3

Alternative forms

EST, Est

Proper noun

est

Initialism of Erhard Seminars Training: a course intended to promote satisfaction with life in the present moment, as opposed to strivings to attain it.

Anagrams

tes, Tse, StE, set, TSE, Set, seṭ, ETS, STE, tse, ETs, TEs, Ste, Ste., SET

Aromanian

Alternative forms

hiu, escu

Etymology

Inherited from Latin esse. Forms beginning with h- are derived from corresponding forms of Latin fierī.

Verb

est (third-person singular esti, participle fute)

to be

Conjugation

Conjugation of **est** (irregular, suppletive)
past participle			fute
singular				plural
	mini	tini	nes, nese, el	noi	voi	nesh, nesi, ei / eyi, eli
present	est	esht	esti	him	hits	sent

Some forms are shared with hiu/escu.

Catalan

Etymology

Borrowed from French est, from Old English ēast.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): (Northern) [ˈe̞st]
IPA^(key): (Balearic, Central, Valencia, Northwestern) [ˈest]
Audio (Catalonia): (file)

Noun

est m (uncountable)

east
Synonyms: orient, llevant

a l'est del país
in the east of the country

Cornish

Etymology

From English east.

Noun

est m

east

Synonyms

Antonyms

Derived terms

north-est (“north-east”)
soth-est (“south-east”)

Corsican

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɛst/
Hyphenation: est

Noun

est m (uncountable)

alternative form of este

References

“este”, in INFCOR: Banca di dati di a lingua corsa [Database of the Corsican language], 1999-

Danish

Etymology

From Old Norse est, from Proto-Germanic *izi, with addition of -t from the preterite-present verbs. The Germanic form goes back to Proto-Indo-European *h₁ési, cognate with Latin es, Ancient Greek εἶ (eî), Sanskrit असि (ási).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈɛsd̥]

Verb

est

(archaic) present tense second-person singular of være (“(thou) art”)
- 1812, Udvalgte danske Viser fra Middelalderen, page 19:
  Om jeg end Engene hver Nat / I Sorgen maa betræde, / Din Magt den har mig altid fat, / Dog du est ej tilstede: ...
  Even if I, each night, the meadows / Must walk upon, mourningly, / Thy power always has its grip on me, / Though thou art not present: ...
- 1863, Ludvig baron Holberg, Frederik Ludvig LIEBENBERG, Vilhelm MARSTRAND, Ludvig Holbergs Peder Paars, udgivet for det Holbergske Samfund af F. L. Liebenberg, page 152:
  Jeg nesten gietter hvad til saadant dig har dreven: / Du est vist uden Tvivl for Døden bange bleven. / Rak, giør Dig reede strax, paa Rejsen dig begiv, / Kald Folket sammen; see, du redde kand dit Liv!
  I can sort of guess what has driven thee to such things: / Undoubtedly, thou art become frightened of death. / Rabble, prepare thyself straight away, commence the journey, / Call together the people; see, thou canst save thy life!

Elfdalian

Etymology

From Old Norse hestr, from Proto-Germanic *hanhistaz, an alternative form of *hangistaz. Compare Danish hest.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /esːt/

Noun

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est m

horse

Declension

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Declension of *est*
masculine	singular		plural
masculine	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	est	estn	ester	estär
accusative	est	estn	esta	estą
dative	este	estem	estum	estum(e)
genitive	-	estemes	-	estumes

French

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old French, from Old English ēast.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɛst/
Rhymes: -ɛst

Adjective

est (invariable)

east

Noun

est m (uncountable)

east

Synonyms

orient, levant

Coordinate terms

compass points: points cardinaux: ^[edit]

nord-ouest	nord septentrion	nord-est
ouest couchant ponant occident		est levant orient
sud-ouest	sud midi méridien	sud-est

Derived terms

Descendants

⇒ Louisiana Creole: lès
⇒ Mauritian Creole: les
→ Asturian: este
→ Catalan: est
→ Corsican: este, est
→ Galician: leste
→ Italian: est
→ Occitan: èst
→ Portuguese: este, leste
→ Romanian: est
→ Spanish: este

Etymology 2

Inherited from Middle French est, from Old French est, from Latin est, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti. Next to Jésus-Christ, it is the only word in which silent internal s remains in modern French spelling. The expected form êt existed, but did not establish itself, in contrast to être and êtes. Possible reasons are the sheer frequency of est, its exact agreement with the Latin form, and the fact that it was usually unstressed and thus shortened.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɛ/, /e/, (in liaison) /ɛ.t‿/ ~ /e.t‿/
Homophones: aie, aies, aient, ais, ait, es (general), haie, haies, hais, hait (aspirated)

Verb

est

third-person singular present indicative of être
C'est une belle journée aujourd’hui qui fait un bien fou !
It is a beautiful day today, which does a world of good!

Il me semble bien que je n'ai aucune obligation à les accompagner, n'est-ce pas?
It seems to me that I have no obligation to accompany them, no?

Elle est allée me voir quotidiennement à l'hôpital.
She went to see me daily at the hospital.

Hungarian

Etymology

From the es- stem of the verb esik (“to fall”) +‎ -t (noun-forming suffix).^[1]^[2]^[3] See more at este.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈɛʃt]
Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -ɛʃt

Noun

est (plural estek)

(archaic) evening, eve
Synonym: este
(literary, by extension) recital, show in the evening (compare French soirée (“evening activity, party”, literally “evening”))
műsoros est ― an evening with entertainment

Declension

Inflection (stem in *-e-*, front unrounded harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	est	estek
accusative	estet	esteket
dative	estnek	esteknek
instrumental	esttel	estekkel
causal-final	estért	estekért
translative	estté	estekké
terminative	estig	estekig
essive-formal	estként	estekként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	estben	estekben
superessive	esten	esteken
adessive	estnél	esteknél
illative	estbe	estekbe
sublative	estre	estekre
allative	esthez	estekhez
elative	estből	estekből
delative	estről	estekről
ablative	esttől	estektől
non-attributive possessive – singular	esté	esteké
non-attributive possessive – plural	estéi	estekéi

Possessive forms of *est*
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	estem	estjeim
2nd person sing.	ested	estjeid
3rd person sing.	estje	estjei
1st person plural	estünk	estjeink
2nd person plural	estetek	estjeitek
3rd person plural	estjük	estjeik

Derived terms

Compound words

References

^ est in Tótfalusi, István. Magyar etimológiai nagyszótár (’Hungarian Comprehensive Dictionary of Etymology’). Budapest: Arcanum Adatbázis, 2001; Arcanum DVD Könyvtár →ISBN
^ est in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
^ Eőry, Vilma (2007), Értelmező szótár+ [Explanatory Dictionary Plus]‎^[1] (in Hungarian), Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, →ISBN

Italian

Etymology

Borrowed from French est, from Old English ēast.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɛst/
Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -ɛst
Hyphenation: èst

Noun

est m (invariable)

east
Synonyms: oriente, levante

Coordinate terms

compass points (Germanic-origin): punti cardinali: ^[edit]

nordovest	nord	nordest
ovest		est
sudovest	sud	sudest

Anagrams

'ste, set

Latin

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti.

Cognate with Sanskrit अस्ति (ásti), Ancient Greek ἐστί (estí), Old Persian 𐎠𐎿𐎫𐎡𐎹 (a-s-t-i-y /⁠astiy⁠/), Hittite 𒂊𒌍𒍣 (ēszi), Old Church Slavonic ѥстъ (jestŭ), Gothic 𐌹𐍃𐍄 (ist).

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈɛst]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈɛst]

Verb

est

third-person singular present active indicative of sum
Marcus agricola est. ― "Marcus is a farmer."

Senex est. ― "He is old."

Est puella in vīllā. ― "There is a girl in the villa."

Alternative forms

-st (clitic)

Derived terms

Descendants

Catalan: és
French: est
Galician: é
Old Leonese: ye, hye, hie, ie
- Asturian: ye, (Southwest) yía, (Eastern) é, (obsolete) ie
- Mirandese: ye, (superseded) yê
Italian: è, este
Portuguese: é
Romanian: este, e
Sardinian: est
Spanish: es, és, este

Etymology 2

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁édti; form of the verb edō (“to eat”). Cognate with Russian есть (jestʹ), Latvian ēst, Old Church Slavonic ꙗсти (jasti).

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈeːst]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈɛst]

Verb

ēst

third-person singular present active indicative of edō
- 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 4.66–67:
  Ēst mollis flamma medullās
  intereā, et tacitum vīvit sub pectore vulnus.
  A soft flame consumes her [Dido's] bonemarrow
  meanwhile, as a quiet wound lives in her chest.

Synonyms

edit

References

“est”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers

Ligurian

Noun

est m (please provide plural)

east (cardinal point)

Middle English

Alternative forms

æst, este, eest, east, easte

Etymology

From Old English ēast, in turn from Proto-West Germanic *austr.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɛːst/

Noun

est

east, easternness
A location to the south; the south
The Orient

Coordinate terms

(compass point): north, south, west

Related terms

Descendants

English: east
- → Cornish: est
Scots: aist, eist

References

“ēst, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 29-03-2018.

Adverb

est

To the east, eastwards, eastbound
From the east, eastern
In the east

Descendants

English: east
Scots: aist, eist
Yola: east

Middle French

Verb

est

third-person singular present indicative of estre

Norman

Alternative forms

êt (continental Normandy)
êst (Jersey)

Etymology

From Old French, from Old English ēast.

Noun

est m (uncountable)

(Guernsey, Sark) east

Old English

Alternative forms

ǣst

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *ansti, from Proto-Germanic *anstiz (“grace, thanks”), derivative of Proto-Germanic *unnaną (“to grant, thank”), from Proto-Indo-European *ān- (“to notice; face, mouth”).

Cognate with Old Saxon anst (“grace, favor”), Old High German anst (“goodwill, benevolence, thanks, grace”), Gothic 𐌰𐌽𐍃𐍄𐍃 (ansts, “joy, grace, thankfulness”). Related to Old English unnan (“to grant, allow”). More at own.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /eːst/
Rhymes: -eːst

Noun

ēst m or f (nominative plural ēste)

consent, grace, favor; kindness
pleasure

Declension

Masculine

Strong i-stem:

	singular	plural
nominative	ēst	ēstas
accusative	ēst	ēstas
genitive	ēstes	ēsta
dative	ēste	ēstum

Feminine

Strong i-stem:

	singular	plural
nominative	ēst	ēste, ēsta
accusative	ēst, ēste	ēste, ēsta
genitive	ēste	ēsta
dative	ēste	ēstum

Synonyms

ār, āre

Descendants

Middle English: este
- English: est, este (obsolete)

Old French

Alternative forms

Verb

est

third-person singular present indicative of estre

Old Norse

Verb

est

second-person singular present active indicative of vera

Romanian

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₂ews-

Proto-Indo-European *-s

Proto-Indo-European *h₂éwss?

Proto-Indo-European *-teros

Proto-Indo-European *h₂éwsteros

Proto-Germanic *austraz

▲

Proto-Germanic *austrąder.

Proto-Germanic *austrą

Proto-West Germanic *austr

Old English ēastbor.

Old French

French estbor.

Romanian est

Borrowed from French est.

Noun

est n (uncountable)

east
Synonyms: orient, răsărit

Declension

singular only	indefinite	definite
nominative-accusative	est	estul
genitive-dative	est	estului
vocative	estule

Coordinate terms

compass points (French/Germanic origin): puncte cardinale: ^[edit]

nord-vest	nord	nord-est
vest		est
sud-vest	sud	sud-est

Sardinian

Etymology

From Latin est, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈest/

Verb

est

third-person singular present indicative of èssere

Scots

Alternative forms

aest

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /eːst/, /øst/

Noun

est (uncountable)

(Orkney) envy

Verb

est (third-person singular simple present ests, present participle estan, simple past and past participle ested)

(Orkney) To envy.

References

“est, n. and v.”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC.

Swedish

Pronunciation

Audio: (file)

Noun

est c

Estonian; a person from Estonia

Declension

Declension of **est**
		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	est	ests
singular	definite	esten	estens
plural	indefinite	ester	esters
plural	definite	esterna	esternas

Anagrams

Set, set, tes

Welsh

Pronunciation

(North Wales) IPA^(key): /ɛsd/, [ɛst]
(South Wales) IPA^(key): /eːsd/, [eːst], /ɛsd/, [ɛst]
Rhymes: -ɛsd

Verb

est

second-person singular preterite colloquial of mynd

Synonyms

aethost (literary)

Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=est&oldid=95464828"

GeezerVison

Translingual

Etymology

Symbol

See also

English

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Alternative forms

Noun

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

Adjective

Derived terms

Etymology 3

Alternative forms

Proper noun

Anagrams

Aromanian

Alternative forms

Etymology

Verb

Conjugation

Catalan

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

See also

Further reading

Cornish

Etymology

Noun

Synonyms

Antonyms

Derived terms

Corsican

Pronunciation

Noun

References

Danish

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Elfdalian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

French

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Adjective

Noun

Synonyms

Coordinate terms

Derived terms

Descendants

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Verb

Alternative forms

Derived terms

Further reading

Anagrams

Hungarian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

References

Further reading

Italian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Coordinate terms

Anagrams

Latin

Etymology 1