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GeezerVison is showing en.wiktionary.org — start - Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also: Start, START, štart, and старт

English

Alternative forms

  • sta't, staht (eye dialect)

Pronunciation

  • (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /stɑːt/
    • Audio (Southern England):(file)
    • Audio (UK); “to start”:(file)
  • (General American) enPR: stärt, IPA(key): /stɑɹt/
    • Audio (California):(file)
    • (Eastern New England) IPA(key): /stät/
  • (Canada) enPR: stärt, IPA(key): /stɑɹt/, /staɹt/
    • (Ottawa-Valley) IPA(key): [sta̠ɹ̠t̚], [ʃtɛ̝ɹ̠θ̠]
  • (Australia, New Zealand) IPA(key): /stɐːt/
  • Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)t

Etymology 1

Etymology tree
Proto-West Germanic *sturtijan
Old English styrtan
Middle English stertendeverb.
Middle English stert
English start

    From Middle English stert, from the verb sterten (“to start, startle”). See below.

    Noun

    start (plural starts)

    1. The beginning of an activity.
      The movie was entertaining from start to finish.
      • 1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life of Henry the Fift”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i]:
        I see you stand like greyhounds in the slips, / Straining upon the start.
    2. A sudden involuntary movement.
      He woke with a start.
      • 1692, Roger L’Estrange, “ (please specify the fable number.) (please specify the name of the fable.)”, in Fables, of Æsop and Other Eminent Mythologists: […], London: […] R[ichard] Sare, […], →OCLC:
        Nature does nothing by starts and leaps, or in a hurry.
      • 1885, Robert Louis Stevenson, Olalla:
        The sight of his scared face, his starts and pallors and sudden harkenings, unstrung me […]
    3. The beginning point of a race, a board game, etc.
      Captured pieces are returned to the start of the board.
    4. An appearance in a sports game, horserace, etc., from the beginning of the event.
      Jones has been a substitute before, but made his first start for the team last Sunday.
      • 2011 February 12, Ian Hughes, “Arsenal 2 - 0 Wolverhampton”, in BBC‎[1], archived from the original on 22 September 2026:
        Wilshere, who made his first start for England in the midweek friendly win over Denmark, raced into the penalty area and chose to cross rather than shoot - one of the very few poor selections he made in the match.
    5. (horticulture) A young plant germinated in a pot to be transplanted later.
      • 2009, Liz Primeau, Steven A. Frowine, Gardening Basics For Canadians For Dummies:
        You generally see nursery starts at garden centres in mid to late spring. Small annual plants are generally sold in four-packs or larger packs, with each cell holding a single young plant.
    6. An initial advantage over somebody else; a head start.
      to get, or have, the start
      • 1914, Ernest Bramah [pseudonym; Ernest Brammah Smith], Max Carrados:
        The man has got two clear days' start and the chances are nine to one against catching him.
    7. (UK, slang, archaic) A happening or proceeding.
      • 1887, Hawley Smart, A False Start, volume 2, page 69:
        “It's a rum start, old John Madingley's coming down to Tunnleton,” said Grafton, one evening in the smoking-room; […]
    8. Alternative letter-case form of Start (“a typical button for video games, originally used to start a game, now also often to pause or choose an option”)
    Derived terms
    • alpine start
    • autostart
    • black start
    • blackstart
    • bump-start
    • by fits and starts
    • by starts and leaps
    • cold start
    • deadstart
    • Delaware start
    • down start
    • false start
    • flying start
    • for a start
    • forestart
    • fresh start
    • from a standing start
    • from start to finish
    • from the start
    • headstart
    • hill start
    • jackrabbit start
    • jumpstart
    • kick start
    • kickstart
    • mass start
    • multi-start
    • night start
    • one-start
    • outstart
    • prestart
    • pull start
    • push-start
    • quality start
    • quickstart
    • recoil start
    • restart
    • rolling start
    • running start
    • shotgun start
    • sleep start
    • standing start
    • startbox
    • start codon
    • startful
    • startish
    • start key
    • startline
    • startness
    • start page
    • startscum
    • start time
    • startup
    • startword
    • stop-start
    • tostart
    • two-start
    • unstart
    • upstart
    • warm start
    • whitestart
    Descendants
    • → German: Start
    • → Persian: استارت (estârt)
    • → Japanese: スタート
    Translations
    beginning of an activity — see also beginning,‎ commencement
    • Albanian: fillimi, nisja
    • American Sign Language: 1@InFinger-PalmDown-OpenB@CenterChesthigh 1@InFinger-PalmUp-OpenB@CenterChesthigh
    • Arabic: نَجْمَة (ar) f (najma), اِبْتِدَاء (ar) (ibtidāʔ)
    • Armenian: սկիզբ (hy) (skizb)
    • Assamese: আৰম্ভ (arombho)
    • Belarusian: пача́так m (pačátak)
    • Bengali: ইবতিদা (bn) (ibtida), শুরু (bn) (śuru), আগাজ (bn) (agaz)
    • Bulgarian: нача́ло (bg) n (načálo)
    • Chinese:
      Mandarin: 開始 / 开始 (zh) (kāishǐ)
    • Czech: začátek (cs)
    • Danish: begyndelse (da) c
    • Dutch: begin (nl), start (nl), aanvang (nl)
    • Esperanto: eko (eo), komenco (eo)
    • Faroese: byrjan f
    • Finnish: alku (fi), aloitus (fi), käynnistys (fi); startti (fi) (colloquial)
    • French: départ (fr) m, début (fr) m
    • Georgian: დასაწყისი (dasac̣q̇isi)
    • German: Beginn (de) m, Anfang (de) m
    • Gothic: 𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌹 f (frumisti), 𐌰𐌽𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 f (anastōdeins)
    • Greek: αρχή (el) f (archí), ξεκίνημα (el) n (xekínima)
      Ancient Greek: ἀρχή f (arkhḗ)
    • Haitian Creole: kòmansman
    • Hebrew: התחלה (he) f (hatkhalá)
    • Hungarian: kezdet (hu)
    • Icelandic: byrjun (is) f, upphaf n
    • Ido: komenco (io)
    • Indonesian: mulai (id)
    • Ingrian: alku, alutos
    • Italian: avvio (it) m, partenza (it) f, inizio (it) m
    • Japanese: 開始 (ja) (kaishi), 初め (ja) (はじめ, hajime), スタート (ja) (sutāto), 出だし (でだし, dedashi)
    • Kazakh: бас (kk) (bas)
    • Korean: 처음 (ko) (cheo'eum), 시작(始作) (ko) (sijak)
    • Kurdish:
      Central Kurdish: سەرەتا (sereta)
    • Latin: exordium n, orīgō (la) f
    • Macedonian: по́четок m (póčetok)
    • Manchu: ᡶᡠᡴᠵᡳᠨ (fukjin)
    • Māori: tīmatanga, ōrokotīmatanga
    • Mizo: bul, tìr, ṭan, ṭanna
    • Pennsylvania German: Aabeginn m
    • Persian: آغاز (fa) (âġâz)
    • Polish: początek (pl) m, zaczątek
    • Portuguese: começo (pt) m, início (pt) m, princípio (pt) m
    • Romanian: început (ro)
    • Russian: нача́ло (ru) n (načálo), старт (ru) m (start)
    • Sami:
      Inari Sami: algâ
    • Sanskrit: आद (sa) m (āda), आरम्भ (sa) m (ārambha)
    • Scottish Gaelic: toiseach m
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic: почетак m
      Latin: početak (sh) m
    • Sicilian: inizziu m
    • Slovak: začiatok (sk) m
    • Slovene: začetek (sl) m
    • Spanish: comienzo (es) m, inicio (es) m, principio (es) m
    • Sranan Tongo: bigin
    • Swedish: start (sv) c
    • Tagalog: simula
    • Tamil: தொடக்கம் (ta) (toṭakkam), ஆரம்பம் (ta) (ārampam)
    • Telugu: ఆరంభము (te) (ārambhamu), ప్రారంభము (te) (prārambhamu)
    • Turkish: başlangıç (tr)
    • Ukrainian: поча́ток (uk) m (počátok)
    • Vietnamese: bắt đầu (vi)
    • Welsh: cychwyn (cy) m
    sudden involuntary movement
    • Bulgarian: трепване (bg) n (trepvane), сепване n (sepvane)
    • Danish: ryk n, spjæt n
    • Esperanto: ekmovo
    • Finnish: hätkähdys (fi), säpsähdys (fi)
    • German: Ruck (de) m
    • Hungarian: rándulás (hu), összerándulás, összerezzenés (hu)
    • Icelandic: viðbragð (is) n
    • Irish: geit f
    • Italian: sussulto (it) m, sobbalzo (it) m
    • Korean: 흠칫함 (heumchit-ham), 움찔함 (ko) (umjjilham)
    • Māori: tamaki, kahuki, oho, ohorere, ohotata
    • Norwegian:
      Bokmål: rykk n
    • Occitan: subresaut m, ressaut m
    • Portuguese: sobressalto (pt) m
    • Russian: рыво́к (ru) m (ryvók)
    • Scottish Gaelic: leum m, clisgeadh m
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic: трзај m, покрет m
      Latin: trzaj (sh) m, pokret (sh) m
    • Sicilian: scantazzu m
    • Spanish: respingo (es) m
    • Swedish: ryck (sv) n
    beginning point of a race
    • Albanian: nisja
    • Arabic: نَجْمَة (ar) f (najma)
    • Armenian: մեկնարկ (hy) (meknark)
    • Bulgarian: старт m (start)
    • Chinese:
      Mandarin: 起点 (zh) (qǐdiǎn)
    • Czech: start (cs) m
    • Danish: start (da)
    • Dutch: startlijn (nl) m
    • Finnish: lähtö (fi)
    • French: départ (fr) m
    • Georgian: სტარტი (sṭarṭi)
    • German: Start (de) m
    • Greek: αφετηρία (el) f (afetiría), εκκίνηση (el) f (ekkínisi)
    • Hebrew: התחלה (he) f (hatkhalá)
    • Hungarian: rajt (hu), start (hu)
    • Icelandic: upphaf n
    • Italian: avvio (it) m, partenza (it) f
    • Japanese: 開始地点 (kaishi chiten), 始点 (ja) (shiten), スタート地点 (sutāto chiten)
    • Kazakh: сөре (söre)
    • Māori: tīmatanga, ōrokotīmatanga
    • Norwegian:
      Bokmål: opphav (no) n
    • Polish: start (pl) m
    • Portuguese: largada (pt) m, partida (pt) f
    • Russian: старт (ru) m (start)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic: почетак m, полазиште n
      Latin: početak (sh) m, polazište (sh) n
    • Sicilian: partenza f
    • Spanish: salida (es) f
    • Tagalog: simula
    • Turkish: start (tr)
    appearance in a sports game from the beginning of the match
    • Bulgarian: титуляр (bg) m (tituljar)
    • Finnish: aloituskokoonpano
    horticulture: young plant germinated in a pot to be transplanted later
    • Bulgarian: разсад m (razsad)
    • Finnish: istukas (fi), taimi (fi)
    initial advantage over somebody else — see head start
    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
    Translations to be checked
    • Dutch: (please verify) begin (nl) n
    • Italian: (please verify) partenza (it) f, (please verify) inizio (it) m
    • Latin: (please verify) initium (la)
    • Romanian: (please verify) tresărire (ro) f
    • Romansh: (please verify) entschatta, (please verify) cumenzament, (please verify) principi
    • Scottish Gaelic: (please verify) toiseach m
    • Serbo-Croatian: (please verify) polazište (sh)
    • Sylheti: ꠡꠥꠞꠥ (śuru)
    • Telugu: (please verify) మొదలు (te) (modalu), (please verify) ప్రారంభం (te) (prārambhaṁ)

    Etymology 2

      From Middle English sterten (“to leap up suddenly, rush out”), from Old English styrtan (“to leap up, start”), from Proto-West Germanic *sturtijan (“to startle, move, set in motion”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ter- (“to be stiff”). Cognate with Old Frisian stirta (“to fall down, tumble”), Middle Dutch sterten (“to rush, fall, collapse”) (Dutch storten), Old High German sturzen (“to hurl, plunge, turn upside down”) (German stürzen), Old High German sterzan (“to be stiff, protrude”). More at stare.

      Verb

      start (third-person singular simple present starts, present participle starting, simple past and past participle started)

      1. (ergative) To begin, commence, initiate.
        1. To set in motion.
          to start a stream of water;   to start a rumour;   to start a business
          • April 2, 1716, Joseph Addison, Freeholder No. 30
            I was some years ago engaged in conversation with a fashionable French Abbe, upon a subject which the people of that kingdom love to start in discourse.
          • 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XXII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:
            In the autumn there was a row at some cement works about the unskilled labour men. A union had just been started for them and all but a few joined. One of these blacklegs was laid for by a picket and knocked out of time.
        2. To begin.
          The President fired the gun to start the footrace.
          The rain started at 9:00.
          • 2013 July 19, Peter Wilby, “Finland spreads word on schools”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 6, page 30:
            Imagine a country where children do nothing but play until they start compulsory schooling at age seven. Then, without exception, they attend comprehensives until the age of 16. Charging school fees is illegal, and so is sorting pupils into ability groups by streaming or setting.
          • 1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter I, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y.; London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:
            Thinks I to myself, “Sol, you're run off your course again. This is a rich man's summer ‘cottage’  […] .” So I started to back away again into the bushes. But I hadn't backed more'n a couple of yards when I see something so amazing that I couldn't help scooching down behind the bayberries and looking at it.
        3. To ready the operation of a vehicle or machine.
          to start the engine
        4. To put or raise (a question, an objection); to put forward (a subject for discussion).
        5. To bring onto being or into view; to originate; to invent.
          • 1674, William Temple, letter to The Countess of Essex:
            Sensual men agree in the pursuit of every pleasure they can start.
      2. (intransitive) To have its origin (at), begin.
        The speed limit is 50 km/h, starting at the edge of town.
        The blue line starts one foot away from the wall.
      3. To move suddenly, from a previous state of rest; to startle.
        1. (intransitive) To jerk, jump up, flinch, or draw back in surprise.
          Synonym: jump
          • c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merry Wiues of Windsor”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene v]:
            But if he start,
            It is the flesh of a corrupted heart.
          • c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene v], page 257, column 2:
            I could a Tale vnfold, vvhoſe lighteſt vvord
            VVould harrovv vp thy ſoule, freeze thy young blood,
            Make thy tvvo eyes like Starres, ſtart from their Spheres,
            Thy knotty and combined locks to part,
            And each particular haire to ſtand an end,
            Like Quilles vpon the fretfull Porpentine: […]
          • 1681, John Dryden, The Spanish Fryar: Or, the Double Discovery. […], London: […] Richard Tonson and Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, (please specify the page number):
            I start as from some dreadful dream.
          • 1725, Isaac Watts, Logick: Or, The Right Use of Reason in the Enquiry after Truth, […], 2nd edition, London: […] John Clark and Richard Hett, […], Emanuel Matthews, […], and Richard Ford, […], published 1726, →OCLC:
            Keep your soul to the work when it is ready to start aside.
          • 1855, Robert Browning, Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came, section XXXI:
            [...] The tempest's mocking elf
            Points to the shipman thus the unseen shelf
            He strikes on, only when the timbers start.
          • 1891, Oscar Wilde, chapter VIII, in The Picture of Dorian Gray, London; New York, N.Y.: Ward Lock & Co., →OCLC, page 139:
            Suddenly his eye fell on the screen that he had placed in front of the portrait, and he started.
          • 1836, Elizur Wright, Quarterly Anti-slavery Magazine, volume 2, page 162:
            Physical poison would make them start from arsenicked bread; shall not the moral poison which is in it, make them start more promptly still from slave produce?
        2. (intransitive) To awaken suddenly.
          • 1816 June – 1817 April/May (date written), [Mary Shelley], chapter IV, in Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus. […], volume I, London: […] [Macdonald and Son] for Lackington, Hughes, Harding, Mavor, & Jones, published 1 January 1818, →OCLC, page 100:
            I started from my sleep with horror; a cold dew covered my forehead, my teeth chattered, and every limb became convulsed; [...]
        3. (transitive) To disturb and set in motion; to alarm; to rouse; to cause to flee.
          The hounds started a fox.
          • c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Othello, the Moore of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]:
            Upon malicious bravery dost thou come
            To start my quiet?
        4. (ergative, of an object) To come loose, to break free of a firmly set position; to displace or loosen; to dislocate.
          the storm started the bolts in the vessel
          • 1676, Richard Wiseman, Severall Chirurgicall Treatises, London: […] E. Flesher and J. Macock, for R[ichard] Royston […], and B[enjamin] Took, […], →OCLC:
            One, by a fall in wrestling, started the end of the clavicle from the sternon.
          • 1749, [John Cleland], “[Letter the First]”, in Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure [Fanny Hill], volume I, London: […] [Thomas Parker] for G. Fenton [i.e., Fenton and Ralph Griffiths] […], →OCLC, page 76:
            [...] we could, with the greateſt eaſe, as well as clearneſs, ſee all objects, (ourſelves unſeen) only by applying our eyes cloſe to the crevice, where the moulding of a pannel had warp'd, or ſtarted a little on the other ſide.
      4. (transitive, sports) To put into play.
        • 2010, Brian Glanville, The Story of the World Cup: The Essential Companion to South Africa 2010, London: Faber and Faber, →ISBN, page 361:
          The charge against Zagallo then is not so much that he started Ronaldo, but that when it should surely have been clear that the player was in no fit state to take part he kept him on.
        • 2024 May 6, Sid Lowe, “Portu’s brilliant burst seals Girona’s top-four fairytale in the perfect way”, in Katharine Viner, editor, The Guardian‎[2], London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 13 October 2026:
          “Look at Portu,” Michel insisted, “he scores goals and I never start him. He says: ‘You’re sinking me, but OK, I’ll just go out and score again.’”
      5. (transitive, nautical) To pour out; to empty; to tap and begin drawing from.
        to start a water cask
      6. (intransitive, euphemistic) To begin one's menstrual cycle.
        Have you started yet?
      7. (intransitive, possibly obsolete) To begin a journey; to set forth.
        • 1920, Cicero, translated by Evelyn Shirley Shuckburgh, The Letters of Cicero: The Whole Extant Correspondence in Chronological Order, volume 1 (hardcover), London: G. Bell and Sons, Ltd., page 5:
          I GET letters from you far too seldom considering that you can much more easily find people starting for Rome than I to Athens: considering, too, that you are more certain of my being at Rome than I of your being at Athens.
      Usage notes
      • In uses 1.1 and 1.2 this is a catenative verb that takes the infinitive (to) or the gerund (-ing) form. There is no change in meaning.
      • For more information, see Appendix:English catenative verbs
      Synonyms
      • See Thesaurus:begin.
      Antonyms
      • (antonym(s) of “to begin”):
        • (to stop) stop, end, cease
        • (to finish) finish, conclude, complete
      Derived terms
      • astart
      • autostart
      • bump-start
      • deadstart
      • get in the boat and start rowing
      • kick start
      • misstart
      • never start a land war in Asia
      • outstart
      • push-start
      • restart
      • self-starting
      • startable
      • start a family
      • start afresh
      • start a fresh hare
      • start a hare
      • start a hare running
      • start and park
      • start back
      • start back in
      • start back on
      • starter
      • start from where you are
      • start in
      • starting post
      • start in on
      • start into
      • start on at
      • start over
      • start the ball rolling
      • start-up
      • start up on
      • start with a clean sheet
      • start with a clean sheet of paper
      • start with a clean slate
      • to start with
      • unstarted
      • when the looting starts, the shooting starts
      Descendants
      • → Cantonese: 撻 / 挞 (taat1)
      • → Dutch: starten
      • → German: starten
      • → Norman: stèrter
      • → French: starter
      • → Icelandic: starta
      • → Faroese: starta
      • → Norwegian Bokmål: starte
      • → Norwegian Nynorsk: starta
      • → Swedish: starta
      • → Danish: starte
      • → Slovak: štartovať
      Translations
      to begin — see also begin,‎ commence
      • Afrikaans: aangaan (af)
      • Albanian: fillo, Nis
      • Altai:
        Southern Altai: баштаар (baštaar)
      • American Sign Language: 1@InFinger-PalmDown-OpenB@CenterChesthigh 1@InFinger-PalmUp-OpenB@CenterChesthigh
      • Arabic: بَدَأَ (badaʔa)
        Chadian Arabic: بدا (bada)
        Moroccan Arabic: بدا (bdā)
        North Levantine Arabic: بلّش (ballaš) (Lebanon)
        South Levantine Arabic: بدا (bada), بلّش (ballaš)
      • Armenian: սկսել (hy) (sksel)
      • Aromanian: ahurhescu, ãnchisescu, apãrnjescu, ntsep
      • Assamese: আৰম্ভ কৰ (arombho kor)
      • Asturian: entamar (ast)
      • Azerbaijani: başlamaq (az)
      • Belarusian: пачына́ць impf (pačynácʹ), пача́ць pf (pačácʹ) (transitive), пачына́цца impf (pačynácca), пача́цца (pačácca) (intransitive)
      • Bengali: শুরু করা (bn) (śuru kora)
      • Bulgarian: запо́чвам (bg) impf (zapóčvam), по́чвам (bg) impf (póčvam), по́чна (bg) pf (póčna)
      • Burmese: စ (my) (ca.)
      • Catalan: començar (ca)
      • Cherokee: ᎠᏓᎴᏂᎭ (adaleniha)
      • Chinese:
        Cantonese: 開始 / 开始 (hoi1 ci2)
        Mandarin: 開始 / 开始 (zh) (kāishǐ)
      • Czech: začínat (cs) impf, začít (cs) pf
      • Dalmatian: nizuor
      • Dutch: beginnen (nl), starten (nl), aanvangen (nl)
      • Esperanto: eki (eo)
      • Finnish: aloittaa (fi), alkaa (fi)
      • French: commencer (fr), entamer (fr), débuter (fr)
        Old French: comencier
      • Frisian:
        North Frisian:
        Halligen: öönfange
      • Friulian: comença
      • Galician: comezar (gl)
      • Georgian: დაწყება (dac̣q̇eba)
      • German: anfangen (de), beginnen (de), starten (de)
      • Gothic: 𐌳𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (dustōdjan)
      • Greek: ξεκινώ (el) (xekinó)
        Ancient Greek: ἄρχομαι (árkhomai)
      • Haitian Creole: komanse
      • Hebrew: התחיל (he) (hitkhíl)
      • Hindi: शुरू करना (hi) (śurū karnā)
      • Hungarian: elkezd (hu), megkezd (hu), kezd (hu)
      • Icelandic: byrja (is)
      • Ingrian: alkaa, noissa, käyvvä, lähtiä, aluttaa, täytyä, ruveta
      • Irish: cuir tús le
      • Italian: cominciare (it), iniziare (it)
      • Japanese: 始める (ja) (はじめる, hajimeru) (transitive), 開始する (ja) (かいしする, kaishi suru), 始まる (ja) (はじまる, hajimaru) (intransitive)
      • Korean: 시작하다 (ko) (sijak-hada)
      • Kurdish:
        Central Kurdish: دەسپێکردن (despêkirdin)
      • Kyrgyz: баштоо (ky) (baştoo)
      • Latin: incipiō (la), ordior, initiō
      • Māori: tīmata
      • Marathi: सुरू करणे (surū karṇe)
      • Mari:
        Eastern Mari: тӱҥалаш (tüŋalaš)
      • Naga:
        Khiamniungan Naga: yô, yōlòuh
      • Nepali: शुरू गर्नु (śurū garnu)
      • Norman: c'menchi (Jersey)
      • Norwegian: begynne (no)
      • Occitan: començar (oc)
      • Ojibwe: maad-
      • Old English: onġinnan
      • Persian: آغاز کردن (fa) (āghāz kardan), شروع کردن (fa) (shorū’ kardan), آغازیدن (fa) (âġâzidan) (formal, written)
      • Polish: zacząć (pl)
      • Portuguese: começar (pt), iniciar (pt), estartar (pt) (Brazil)
      • Romanian: începe (ro)
      • Russian: начина́ть (ru) impf (načinátʹ), нача́ть (ru) pf (načátʹ) (transitive), начина́ться (ru) impf (načinátʹsja), нача́ться (ru) pf (načátʹsja) (intransitive)
      • Santali: ᱮᱦᱳᱵ (ehop’)
      • Scottish Gaelic: tòisich
      • Serbo-Croatian:
        Cyrillic: по̀че̄ти, започети, начнути, начети
        Latin: pòčēti (sh), započeti (sh), načnuti, načeti (sh)
      • Shan: တႄႇ (shn) (tàae)
      • Sicilian: accuminzari (scn), accuminciari (scn), attaccari (scn)
      • Slovak: začať (sk) pf, začínať impf
      • Slovene: začeti (sl)
      • Sranan Tongo: bigin
      • Swahili: -anza (sw)
      • Swedish: börja (sv)
      • Sylheti: ꠡꠥꠞꠥ ꠇꠞꠣ (śuru xora)
      • Tagalog: magsimula
      • Tamil: ஆரம்பி (ta) (ārampi), துவங்கு (ta) (tuvaṅku), தொடங்கு (ta) (toṭaṅku)
      • Thai: เริ่ม (th) (rə̂əm), เริ่มต้น (th) (rə̂əm-dtôn), ตั้งต้น (th)
      • Turkish: başlamak (tr)
      • Ukrainian: почина́ти (uk) impf (počynáty), поча́ти (uk) pf (počáty) (transitive), почина́тися impf (počynátysja), поча́тися pf (počátysja) (intransitive)
      • Uzbek: boshlamoq (uz)
      • Venetan: scuminsiar
      • Vietnamese: bắt đầu (vi)
      to set in motion — see also begin,‎ commence,‎ provoke,‎ cause
      • Azerbaijani: işə salmaq (az)
      • Bengali: শুরু করা (bn) (śuru kora)
      • Bulgarian: пускам (bg) (puskam)
      • Catalan: començar (ca)
      • Danish: starte
      • Dutch: starten (nl)
      • Esperanto: eki (eo)
      • Finnish: käynnistää (fi), aloittaa (fi), laskea liikkeelle (rumor)
      • French: commencer (fr)
        Old French: comencier
      • Galician: comezar (gl)
      • German: anfangen (de), streuen (de) (rumour), gründen (de), starten (de)
      • Hebrew: התחיל (he) (hitkhíl)
      • Hungarian: elindít (hu), indít (hu)
      • Māori: timata (mi)
      • Mizo: ṭan
      • Neapolitan: accumencià
      • Norwegian: starte (no)
      • Polish: ruszyć (pl)
      • Portuguese: abrir (pt), começar (pt)
      • Romanian: începe (ro)
      • Russian: запуска́ть (ru) impf (zapuskátʹ), запусти́ть (ru) pf (zapustítʹ)
      • Serbo-Croatian: zapustiti (sh), pustiti (sh), navesti (sh)
      • Sicilian: attaccari (scn), fari pàrtiri
      • Swedish: starta (sv)
      to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine — see also initiate,‎ turn on
      • Afrikaans: aangaan (af)
      • Albanian: ndez (sq)
      • American Sign Language: 1@InFinger-PalmDown-OpenB@CenterChesthigh 1@InFinger-PalmUp-OpenB@CenterChesthigh
      • Azerbaijani: işə salmaq (az)
      • Bulgarian: стартирам (bg) (startiram)
      • Catalan: engegar (ca)
      • Chickasaw: malichi
      • Chinese:
        Mandarin: 启动 (zh) (qǐdòng)
      • Dutch: starten (nl)
      • Esperanto: eki (eo), starti
      • Finnish: käynnistää (fi), startata (fi) (colloquial)
      • French: démarrer (fr), mettre en route (fr)
      • Galician: iniciar (gl), arrancar
      • German: starten (de), anlassen (de)
      • Hebrew: התחיל (he) (hitkhíl)
      • Hungarian: beindít (hu) (e.g. an engine)
      • Indonesian: menjalankan (id)
      • Italian: avviare (it)
      • Japanese: 始動する (ja) (shidō suru)
      • Malay: menjalankan (ms)
      • Norman: stèrter (Jersey, computing)
      • Polish: uruchomić (pl), zapalić (pl), zapuścić (pl)
      • Portuguese: ligar (pt)
      • Romanian: porni (ro)
      • Russian: запуска́ть (ru) impf (zapuskátʹ), запусти́ть (ru) pf (zapustítʹ)
      • Serbo-Croatian: pokrenuti (sh)
      • Sicilian: fari pàrtiri, aḍḍumari, attaccari (scn)
      • Slovene: zagnati
      • Spanish: arrancar (es), rancar (es)
      • Swedish: starta (sv), sätta igång (sv)
      • Tamil: கிளப்பு (ta) (kiḷappu)
      to put or raise a question or objection, to put forward
      • Bulgarian: подхващам (bg) impf (podhvaštam), подхвана pf (podhvana)
      • Dutch: beginnen (nl)
      • Finnish: esittää (fi)
      of an activity, to begin
      • Afrikaans: aangaan (af)
      • American Sign Language: 1@InFinger-PalmDown-OpenB@CenterChesthigh 1@InFinger-PalmUp-OpenB@CenterChesthigh
      • Armenian: սկսվել (hy) (sksvel)
      • Bulgarian: започвам (bg) (započvam)
      • Catalan: començar (ca)
      • Dutch: starten (nl), beginnen (nl), aanvangen (nl)
      • Esperanto: eki (eo), komenci (eo)
      • Finnish: alkaa (fi), aloittaa (fi), käynnistyä (fi) (of motors)
      • French: commencer (fr), débuter (fr)
        Old French: comencier
      • German: beginnen (de)
      • Hebrew: התחיל (he) (hitkhíl), פצח (he) (patsákh)
      • Hungarian: elkezd (hu), kezd (hu)
      • Italian: creare (it), avviare (it)
      • Japanese: 始まる (ja) (hajimaru)
      • Kurdish:
        Central Kurdish: دەسپێکردن (despêkirdin)
      • Norman: c'menchi (Jersey)
      • Polish: zacząć (pl) pf, rozpocząć (pl) pf
      • Portuguese: começar (pt)
      • Russian: начина́ться (ru) impf (načinátʹsja), нача́ться (ru) pf (načátʹsja), стартова́ть (ru) pf or impf (startovátʹ)
      • Serbo-Croatian: početi (sh), započeti (sh)
      • Sicilian: attaccari (scn), accuminciari (scn), nnartari (scn), ncignari (scn), pàrtiri
      • Swedish: börja (sv)
      to have its origin (at), begin
      • Bulgarian: започвам (bg) impf (započvam), започна pf (započna), започвам се impf (započvam se), започна се pf (započna se)
      • Catalan: començar (ca)
      • Hungarian: kezdődik (hu), elkezdődik (hu), megkezdődik (hu)
      • Sicilian: pàrtiri
      to jerk suddenly in surprise
      • Bulgarian: трепвам (bg) (trepvam), сепвам се (sepvam se)
      • Chinese:
        Mandarin: 胡鬧 / 胡闹 (zh) (húnào)
      • Danish: rykke til
      • Dutch: opschrikken (nl)
      • Esperanto: ekmiri, ekkonsterniĝi, konsterniĝe resalti
      • Faroese: hveppa
      • Finnish: hätkähtää (fi), säpsähtää (fi)
      • French: sursauter (fr)
      • German: zusammenfahren (de), zusammenzucken (de)
      • Hungarian: rándul (hu), összerándul (hu), megrezzen (hu), összerezzen (hu)
      • Icelandic: hrökkva við
      • Irish: geit
      • Japanese: びくっとする (bikuttosuru)
      • Māori: ohomauri, ohorere, ohotata, hiki, kōtiri (whilst asleep), hoto, kohema
      • Polish: poderwać się
      • Portuguese: sobressaltar (pt)
      • Russian: дёргаться (ru) impf (djórgatʹsja), дёрнуться (ru) pf (djórnutʹsja), вздрагивать (ru) (vzdragivatʹ)
      • Scottish Gaelic: leum
      • Serbo-Croatian: trznuti (sh), trgnuti (sh)
      • Sicilian: abbaguttiri (scn), risautari
      • Swedish: rycka till (sv)
      to awaken suddenly
      • Bulgarian: стряскам се (strjaskam se)
      • Danish: vågne med et sæt
      • Finnish: säpsähtää (fi), havahtua (fi), herätä äkisti
      • German: auffahren (de), aufschrecken (de)
      • Hungarian: felriad (hu)
      • Icelandic: hrökkva upp
      • Japanese: 飛び起きる (tobi-okiru)
      • Polish: zerwać się (z łóżka) pf
      • Sicilian: risautari
      to break away, to come loose
      • Bulgarian: отцепвам се impf (otcepvam se), отцепя се pf (otcepja se)
      • Danish: komme løs, løsrive sig
      • Finnish: irrota (fi)
      • German: sich lösen (de)
      • Sicilian: allintari (scn)
      The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
      Translations to be checked
      • Chinese:
        Mandarin: (please verify) 開始 / 开始 (zh) (kāishǐ), (please verify) 开始 (zh) (kāishǐ)
      • Dutch: (please verify) starten (nl), (please verify) beginnen (nl), (please verify) aanvangen (nl)
      • German: (please verify) starten (de) (at a race), (please verify) anfangen (de), (please verify) zusammenzucken (de)
      • Ido: (please verify) komencar (io)
      • Irish: (please verify) preab
      • Italian: (please verify) cominciare (it)
      • Romanian: (please verify) tresări (ro), (please verify) porni (ro), (please verify) începe (ro)
      • Romansh: (please verify) entschaiver, (please verify) cumanzar, (please verify) iniziar
      • Swedish: (please verify) starta (sv), (please verify) börja (sv)
      • Telugu: (please verify) మొదలుపెట్టు (te) (modalupeṭṭu), (please verify) ప్రారంభించు (te) (prārambhiñcu)
      • Vietnamese: (please verify) Bắt đầu
      • Woiwurrung: (please verify) noorrp-tang-a-din

      Noun

      start (plural starts)

      1. An instance of starting.
      Derived terms
      • hard start

      See also

      • get started
      • jump-start
      • start off
      • start on
      • start out
      • start up
      See also the terms derived from starting.

      Etymology 3

        From Middle English stert, start (“tail, handle, projection”), from Old English steort (“tail”), from Proto-West Germanic *stert, from Proto-Germanic *stertaz (“tail”). Cognate with Scots start, stairt (“side post, shaft, upright post”), Dutch staart (“tail”), German Sterz (“tail, handle”), Danish stjert (“tail of a bird”), Faroese stertur (“tail”), Icelandic stertur (“short horse tail”), Norn skjårt (“tail”), sterti (“tail of a large fish”), stjårt (“tail of a large fish”), Norwegian stjert (“tail of a bird”), Swedish stjärt (“tail, arse”).

        Noun

        start (plural starts)

        1. A projection or protrusion; that which pokes out.
        2. The curved or inclined front and bottom of a water wheel bucket.
          • 1845, Captain R.E. Crawley, Description of a Water-Course, Wharf, and Water-Wheel, erected at Waltham Abbey, Essex […] :
            The fall of water is 6 feet, and the radius of the curve is 8 feet, from the centre of the water-wheel to the extreme point of the start.
        3. The arm, or level, of a gin, drawn around by a horse.
          • 1834, William Andrus Alcott, Samuel Griswold Goodrich, Parley's Magazine, page 364:
            ... horses, a number of men who seemed to acquire strength as the necessity for it increased, applied their shoulders to the starts, or shafts of the gin, and worked it with extraordinary speed. By twelve o'clock, thirty-two […]
          • 1854, Glynn, Rudimentary Treatise on the Construction of Cranes and Machinery for Raising Heavy Bodies, page 13:
            […] so that the horse may not expend his force in an oblique direction, but get a fair pull on the "starts."
          • 1973, Industrial Archaeology, page 254:
            With iron posts it is of course impossible to mortise in the starts and they were bolted between two cast-iron plates instead. The inclined stays were bolted to a […]
        Derived terms
        • clubstart
        • redstart

        Etymology 4

          Variant of stark.[1]

          Adverb

          start (comparative more start, superlative most start)

          1. (dialectal, archaic) Completely, utterly.
            • 1828 August 22, “Militia System”, in The New England Farmer, volume VII, Boston, M.A.: John B. Russell, published 1829, page 40, column 1:
              Col.—The age has no sense—the people are start mad—as mad as a March mare. We should have fine times, indeed if our laws did'nt compel the poor people to protect the property of the rich.

          References

          1. ^ “start, adv.”, in OED Online Paid subscription required⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.

          Anagrams

          • Strat, trats, tarts, strat, Tarts

          Breton

          Adjective

          start

          1. firm, strong
          2. difficult

          Derived terms

          • startijenn

          Further reading

          • Herve Ar Bihan, Colloquial Breton, pages 16 and 268: define "start" as "hard, difficult, firm"

          Crimean Tatar

          Etymology

          Borrowed from English start.

          Noun

          start

          1. start

          Declension

          Declension of start
          nominative start
          genitive startnıñ
          dative startqa
          accusative startnı
          locative startta
          ablative starttan

          References

          • Mirjejev, V. A.; Usejinov, S. M. (2002), Ukrajinsʹko-krymsʹkotatarsʹkyj slovnyk [Ukrainian – Crimean Tatar Dictionary]‎[3], Simferopol: Dolya, →ISBN

          Czech

          Etymology

          Etymology tree
          Proto-West Germanic *sturtijan
          Old English styrtan
          Middle English stertendeverb.
          Middle English stert
          English startbor.
          Czech start

            Borrowed from English start.

            Pronunciation

            • IPA(key): [ˈstart]

            Noun

            start m inan

            1. start (beginning point of a race)

            Declension

            Declension of start (hard masculine inanimate)
            singular plural
            nominative start starty
            genitive startu startů
            dative startu startům
            accusative start starty
            vocative starte starty
            locative startu startech
            instrumental startem starty

            Related terms

            • připravit se, pozor, start

            See also

            • cíl m

            Further reading

            • “start”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
            • “start”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

            Danish

            Etymology

            Borrowed from English start.

            Noun

            start c (singular definite starten, plural indefinite starter)

            1. start

            Inflection

            Declension of start
            common
            gender
            singular plural
            indefinite definite indefinite definite
            nominative start starten starter starterne
            genitive starts startens starters starternes

            Verb

            start

            1. imperative of starte

            Dutch

            Pronunciation

            • IPA(key): /stɑrt/
            • Audio:(file)
            • Hyphenation: start
            • Rhymes: -ɑrt

            Etymology 1

            Borrowed from English start.

            Noun

            start m (plural starts, diminutive startje n)

            1. start
            Derived terms
            • pikstart
            • seizoensstart
            • startbaan
            • starten
            • startpunt

            Etymology 2

            See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

            Verb

            start

            1. inflection of starten:
              1. first/second/third-person singular present indicative
              2. imperative

            German

            Pronunciation

            • Audio (Germany (Berlin)):(file)

            Verb

            start

            1. singular imperative of starten

            Indonesian

            Etymology

            Borrowed from Dutch start, from English start.

            Pronunciation

            • (Standard Indonesian) IPA(key): /ˈstart/ [ˈst̪art̪̚]
            • Rhymes: -art
            • Syllabification: start

            Verb

            start

            1. synonym of memulai
            2. synonym of berangkat

            Noun

            start (plural start-start)

            1. start (the beginning point of a race, a board game, etc.)

            Related terms

            • starter

            Further reading

            • “start”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

            Maltese

            Pronunciation

            • IPA(key): /ˈstart/
            • Rhymes: -art

            Verb

            start

            1. first/second-person singular perfect of satar

            Norwegian Bokmål

            Etymology 1

            Borrowed from English start.

            Noun

            start m (definite singular starten, indefinite plural starter, definite plural startene)

            1. a start
              fra start til mål ― from start to finish
            Derived terms
            • omstart
            • startsted

            Etymology 2

            Verb

            start

            1. imperative of starte

            References

            • “start” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

            Norwegian Nynorsk

            Etymology

            Borrowed from English start.

            Pronunciation

            • IPA(key): /stɑrt/

            Noun

            start m (definite singular starten, indefinite plural startar, definite plural startane)

            1. a start (beginning)

            Verb

            start

            1. imperative of starta

            Derived terms

            • omstart

            References

            • “start” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

            Polish

            Etymology

            Etymology tree
            Proto-West Germanic *sturtijan
            Old English styrtan
            Middle English stertendeverb.
            Middle English stert
            English startbor.
            Polish start

              Borrowed from English start.

              Pronunciation

              • IPA(key): /ˈstart/
              • Audio:(file)
              • Rhymes: -art
              • Syllabification: start

              Noun

              start m inan

              1. (sports) start (beginning of a race)
              2. (aviation) takeoff
                Z niecierpliwością czekałam na start samolotu do Paryża.
                I was impatiently waiting for the plane to Paris to take off/for its take-off.
              3. participation
                Większość kibiców ucieszyła się, że zdecydował się on na start w zawodach.
                Most fans were happy to hear that he had decided to take part in the competition.

              Declension

              Declension of start
              singular plural
              nominative start starty
              genitive startu startów
              dative startowi startom
              accusative start starty
              instrumental startem startami
              locative starcie startach
              vocative starcie starty

              Derived terms

              • falstart
              • startować
              • startowy

              Further reading

              • “start”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego‎[4] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
              • “start”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎[5] (in Polish)

              Portuguese

              Etymology

                Unadapted borrowing from English start.

                Noun

                start m (plural starts)

                1. alternative form of estarte

                Romanian

                Etymology

                  Borrowed from English start.

                  Noun

                  start n (plural starturi)

                  1. start (of a race)

                  Declension

                  singular plural
                  indefinite definite indefinite definite
                  nominative-accusative start startul starturi starturile
                  genitive-dative start startului starturi starturilor
                  vocative startule starturilor

                  Swedish

                  Etymology

                  Borrowed from English start.

                  Pronunciation

                  • Audio:(file)

                  Noun

                  start c

                  1. a start; a beginning (of a race)
                  2. the starting (of an engine)

                  Declension

                  Declension of start
                  nominative genitive
                  singular indefinite start starts
                  definite starten startens
                  plural indefinite starter starters
                  definite starterna starternas

                  Derived terms

                  • kallstart
                  • nystart
                  • omstart
                  • startanordning
                  • startavgift
                  • startbana
                  • startbatteri
                  • startberedd
                  • startbidrag
                  • startbil
                  • startblock
                  • startelva
                  • startflagga
                  • startfålla
                  • startfält
                  • startgalopp
                  • startgrop
                  • startgrupp
                  • starthjälp
                  • startkabel
                  • startkapital
                  • startklar
                  • startknapp
                  • startledare
                  • startlinje
                  • startlista
                  • startläge
                  • startman
                  • startmotor
                  • startnummer
                  • startnyckel
                  • startpall
                  • startpistol
                  • startplats
                  • startplatta
                  • startpunkt
                  • startraket
                  • startsida
                  • startsignal
                  • startskott
                  • startsnabb
                  • startspår
                  • startsträcka
                  • starttid
                  • startur
                  • startvev
                  • startväxel
                  • startögonblick
                  • tjuvstart

                  Related terms

                  • starta
                  • starter
                  • startare

                  References

                  • “start”, in Svenska Akademiens ordlista [Wordlist of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)

                  Anagrams

                  • ratts, trast

                  Turkish

                  Etymology

                    Borrowed from English start.

                    Pronunciation

                    • IPA(key): [staɾt]
                    • Hyphenation: start

                    Noun

                    start (definite accusative startı, plural startlar)

                    1. start

                    Usage notes

                    Turkish phonotactics disallows complex syllable onsets, thus speakers may epenthesize a vowel after the first consonant, pronouncing it as [sɯtaɾt].

                    Declension

                    Declension of start
                    singular plural
                    nominative start startlar
                    definite accusative startı startları
                    dative starta startlara
                    locative startta startlarda
                    ablative starttan startlardan
                    genitive startın startların
                    Possessive forms
                    nominative
                    singular plural
                    1st singular startım startlarım
                    2nd singular startın startların
                    3rd singular startı startları
                    1st plural startımız startlarımız
                    2nd plural startınız startlarınız
                    3rd plural startları startları
                    definite accusative
                    singular plural
                    1st singular startımı startlarımı
                    2nd singular startını startlarını
                    3rd singular startını startlarını
                    1st plural startımızı startlarımızı
                    2nd plural startınızı startlarınızı
                    3rd plural startlarını startlarını
                    dative
                    singular plural
                    1st singular startıma startlarıma
                    2nd singular startına startlarına
                    3rd singular startına startlarına
                    1st plural startımıza startlarımıza
                    2nd plural startınıza startlarınıza
                    3rd plural startlarına startlarına
                    locative
                    singular plural
                    1st singular startımda startlarımda
                    2nd singular startında startlarında
                    3rd singular startında startlarında
                    1st plural startımızda startlarımızda
                    2nd plural startınızda startlarınızda
                    3rd plural startlarında startlarında
                    ablative
                    singular plural
                    1st singular startımdan startlarımdan
                    2nd singular startından startlarından
                    3rd singular startından startlarından
                    1st plural startımızdan startlarımızdan
                    2nd plural startınızdan startlarınızdan
                    3rd plural startlarından startlarından
                    genitive
                    singular plural
                    1st singular startımın startlarımın
                    2nd singular startının startlarının
                    3rd singular startının startlarının
                    1st plural startımızın startlarımızın
                    2nd plural startınızın startlarınızın
                    3rd plural startlarının startlarının

                    Antonyms

                    • finiş
                    Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=start&oldid=94572951"
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