GeezerVison

PR Summary

This has been split off of #7509 at request of Ilya (@iSazonov) as that PR has become overly complex, and this portion of the PR was already approved by Powershell Committee. Re-submitting instead of working with #7575 due to messy rebase shenanigans that just... made a mess.

This fixes #3313.

Brief summary:

Adds the following numeric literal suffixes:

• 'u' suffix (uint/ulong)
• 's' suffix (short)
• 'ul' suffix (ulong)
• 'us' suffix (ushort)

Adds the following type accelerators:

• [short]
• [ushort]
• [uint]
• [ulong]

And of course, adds tests for all the above.

Comprehensive Summary:

• Implements type suffixes s (short) and u (unsigned) to complement the existing l suffix.
  • Suffixes can be combined as us or ul to result in ushort or ulong types.
• When u suffix is used alone, uint will be returned unless value exceeds uint.MaxValue, in which case it will automatically resolve as ulong instead.
• Adds new type accelerators to fit new numeric types better into the PS ecosystem:
  • [short] => Int16
  • [ushort] => UInt16
  • [uint] => UInt32
  • [ulong] => UInt64
• Maintains parity with existing l / L suffix, where it will also perform rounding functions when applied to a real literal while also ensuring it still returns an appropriate uint or ulong value: 105.5u => 106
• Defines a new [Flags] enum NumberSuffixFlags that takes care of one-or-more numerical type suffixes.
• Use of u, l, s and valid combinations thereof will error out and register as an invalid numeric literal if their value after multiplication exceeds the type(s) contraints.
  • This is intentional; if the user specifies a value that cannot be satisfied, such as 500sgb (500gb -as Int16)then the parser should not be expected to figure out what they meant.
• Changes strNum parameter of TryGetNumberValue to ReadOnlySpan<char> to reduce the number of string allocations required for parsing.

PR Checklist

• PR has a meaningful title
  • Use the present tense and imperative mood when describing your changes
• Summarized changes
• Make sure all .h, .cpp, .cs, .ps1 and .psm1 files have the correct copyright header
• This PR is ready to merge and is not Work in Progress.
  • If the PR is work in progress, please add the prefix WIP: to the beginning of the title and remove the prefix when the PR is ready.
• User-facing changes
  • Not Applicable
  • OR
  • User-facing Documentation needed
    • Issue filed - Issue link:
• Testing - New and feature
  • Not Applicable or can only be tested interactively
  • OR
  • Make sure you've added a new test if existing tests do not effectively test the code changed
    • Add [feature] if the change is significant or affects feature tests