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GeezerVison is showing github.com — Preserve ctypes element views and their references by 1ndahous3 · Pull Request #9229 · RustPython/RustPython

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@1ndahous3

@1ndahous3 1ndahous3 commented Oct 19, 2026 •
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Found while testing Scapy 2.8.0 route discovery on Windows.

Summary

  • Return typed views for compound array and pointer elements, including simple-type subclasses and function pointers. Preserve scalar results and byte order for generated endian types.
  • Apply endian metaclass conversion to Structure fields declared in the class body. Keep generated endian types as siblings and reject incompatible ctypes field values; copy compatible instances without swapping their encoded bytes again.
  • Preserve the owner and array length for indexed views and pointer.contents; scalar pointer assignments and pointer-view contents replacement write through to the element's storage.
  • Retain callback thunks and references from the root owner when copying views. Resolve py_object values through retained owners, using direct retention keys for common indexed reads before searching the owner graph. Use the full nesting path for reference keys so sibling elements do not release each other's pointees.
  • Snapshot source bytes before copying pointer elements so self-assignment and overlapping views are safe.
  • Run array element conversions and reference finalizers outside storage and ownership locks. Commit pointer bytes and visible/private owners before releasing replaced references, preserving assignments made by reentrant finalizers.

Performance

Compared with the previous PR revision (cb3ec5312), release builds. Full indexed scan of 2,048 py_object elements, median of three runs:

Platform Before After Speedup
Windows 11 x64 93.88 ms 0.99 ms ~95x
Linux x86_64 94.58 ms 1.03 ms ~92x

Native c_uint32 fields, compared with f23e581c9 (median of five runs):

Operation Platform Before After Speedup
Read Windows 11 x64 1.14 µs 0.32 µs ~3.5x
Read Linux x86_64 1.08 µs 0.29 µs ~3.8x
Assign number Windows 11 x64 1.16 µs 0.33 µs ~3.5x
Assign number Linux x86_64 1.07 µs 0.28 µs ~3.9x
Assign ctypes instance Windows 11 x64 1.35 µs 0.56 µs ~2.4x
Assign ctypes instance Linux x86_64 1.28 µs 0.49 µs ~2.6x

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Written with Codex (GPT-6), reviewed by a human before submission.

Summary by CodeRabbit

  • Bug Fixes
    • Fixed ctypes array element reads and pointer contents so returned views retain their owners, and writes update the correct memory.
    • Improved reference retention for character pointers, callbacks, nested pointers, and copied or replaced values.
    • Fixed indexing and assignment for compound types, object pointers, and byte-swapped values.
    • Improved handling of null object pointers and reference cleanup during updates.
    • Fixed pointer-backed scalar assignments and retrieval of Python objects stored in ctypes values.
    • Improved safety when finalizers run during callback and byte-pointer updates.
    • Fixed ctypes structure field initialization and endian-specific value handling.

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@1ndahous3
Preserve ctypes element views and their references
4a82ab6
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📝 Code Review ✅ Completed 2026-10-20T09:08:11.270067Z ea2c45e New commits
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📝 Walkthrough

ctypes arrays and pointers now create retained typed views for compound values and resolve object pointers through retained references. CData retention and endian handling are centralized. Assignments validate types, write converted bytes, and preserve related objects. Regression tests cover ownership, callbacks, write-through behavior, and reentrant finalization.

Changes: ctypes view ownership

Layer / File(s) Summary
Rooted reference retention
crates/vm/src/stdlib/_ctypes/base.rs, crates/vm/src/stdlib/_ctypes/simple.rs
CData helpers follow base chains, retain visible and hidden references, resolve object pointers, and use exact storage metadata for endian decisions.
Simple and swapped-type storage
crates/vm/src/stdlib/_ctypes/simple.rs, crates/vm/src/stdlib/_ctypes/structure.rs
Swapped types use normal type construction and storage metadata. Simple values serialize, read, and assign endian-aware bytes. Structure fields use the metaclass assignment path.
Owner-backed typed views
crates/vm/src/stdlib/_ctypes/array.rs, crates/vm/src/stdlib/_ctypes/base.rs, crates/vm/src/stdlib/_ctypes/function.rs, crates/vm/src/stdlib/_ctypes/pointer.rs
Array and pointer access creates retained views for compound values. Function-pointer views use specialized types, and callbacks retain their thunk.
Writes through views and retained values
crates/vm/src/stdlib/_ctypes/array.rs, crates/vm/src/stdlib/_ctypes/pointer.rs
Assignments convert values, write at element offsets, validate compatible CData types, copy bounded storage, and retain visible or hidden references.
Regression coverage
extra_tests/snippets/stdlib_ctypes.py
Tests cover views, ownership, callbacks, pointer and string-pointer writes, py_object lookup, endian behavior, incompatible values, and finalizer reentrancy.

Priority: ➖ Normal

Estimated code review effort: 4 (Complex) | ~45 minutes

Change: Bug fix

Suggested reviewers: fanninpm

Merge Risk: 🟡 Moderate · up to 6dd75

Fix the pointer-field panic and the endian and subclass initialization regressions before merging; affected ctypes classes can otherwise fail or produce incorrect behavior.

Pre-merge checks: Passed 4 · Failed 1

Failed Failed checks: 1 warning

Check name Status Explanation Resolution
Docstring Coverage Warning Docstring coverage is 40.82% which is insufficient. The required threshold is 80.00%. Docstring coverage is scoped to functions touched by this diff. Analyzed 49 functions across 7 files. Write docstrings for the functions missing them to satisfy the coverage threshold.
Passed Passed checks: 4 passed
Check name Status Explanation
Description Check Passed Check skipped - CodeRabbit’s high-level summary is enabled.
Title check Passed The title clearly and concisely describes the main changes: preserving ctypes element views and their references.
Linked Issues check Passed Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
Out of Scope Changes check Passed Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
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Actionable comments posted: 2


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Review comments at @crates/vm/src/stdlib/_ctypes/array.rs:
- Around line 548-552: Update the array and pointer indexing checks around stg
and element_type to use one shared predicate that recognizes swapped simple
types through their native simple base. Ensure both scalar readers receive
enough type information to distinguish swapped values rather than relying only
on _type_, and preserve swapped-byte decoding in both paths.

Review comments at @crates/vm/src/stdlib/_ctypes/base.rs:
- Around line 869-899: Make `_objects` mutations copy-on-write in `keep_ref` and
`store_in_object`: clone the current `PyDict` and replace the stored dictionary
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Merging this PR will degrade performance by 13.27%

⚠️ Different runtime environments detected

Some benchmarks with significant performance changes were compared across different runtime environments,
which may affect the accuracy of the results.

Open the report in CodSpeed to investigate

❌ 1 regressed benchmark
✅ 61 untouched benchmarks
⏩ 4 skipped benchmarks1

Warning

Please fix the performance issues or acknowledge them on CodSpeed.

Performance Changes

Benchmark BASE HEAD Efficiency
❌ rustpython[frozenset.py] 358.4 µs 413.2 µs -13.27%

Tip

Investigate this regression by commenting @codspeedbot fix this regression on this PR, or directly use the CodSpeed MCP with your agent.


Comparing 1ndahous3:ctypes_aggregate_index (4a82ab6) with main (c08375b)

Open in CodSpeed

Footnotes

  1. 4 benchmarks were skipped, so the baseline results were used instead. If they were deleted from the codebase, click here and archive them to remove them from the performance reports. ↩

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@1ndahous3
Fix ctypes reentrant ownership and scalar view handling
cb3ec53
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Actionable comments posted: 1


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Inline comments:
Review comments at @crates/vm/src/stdlib/_ctypes/base.rs:
- Around line 931-953: Update object_at to check the receiver’s scalar reference
and the root _objects entry keyed by unique_key(index) directly, comparing the
retained element’s ID before adding candidates to pending. Handle array _objects
dictionaries by looking up the keyed element rather than comparing the
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@1ndahous3
Fix ctypes pointer view writes and indexed object lookup
d65ee31
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@1ndahous3
Fix ctypes field byte order and encoded instance copies
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@1ndahous3
Fix ctypes effective field types and overlapping pointer copies
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@1ndahous3
Reject arrays for incomplete ctypes pointer fields
ea2c45e
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wow, thanks!

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youknowone enabled auto-merge (squash) October 20, 2026 09:05
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Comment thread crates/vm/src/stdlib/_ctypes/base.rs
Comment on lines +929 to +931
.map(|cdata| cdata.kept_refs.read().values().cloned().collect())
.unwrap_or_default();
let hidden = (!hidden.is_empty()).then(|| vm.ctx.new_tuple(hidden).into());

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P2 Badge Avoid nesting private holders on self-copy

When a CData view with hidden backing allocations is assigned back into a slot of the same root—for example, repeatedly doing a[0] = a[0] on an array of structures containing c_char_p—this collects the destination key's current holder and wraps it in a new tuple before replacing that same key. The next assignment wraps the previous tuple again, so the root accumulates an unbounded tuple(tuple(...)) chain even though the pointer value is unchanged; special-case same-root/same-key copies or flatten these private references before storing them.

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@youknowone
youknowone merged commit 980edd8 into RustPython:main Oct 20, 2026
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@1ndahous3 1ndahous3 mentioned this pull request Oct 20, 2026
Fix ctypes assignment conversion and backing-buffer retention #9251
Merged
@1ndahous3
1ndahous3 deleted the ctypes_aggregate_index branch October 25, 2026 09:34
This was referenced Oct 26, 2026
Preserve ctypes py_object provenance across casts and pointer writes #9391
Merged
Share ctypes backing-owner snapshots between aggregate copies #9392
Merged
Fix ctypes subclass bitfields and native type metadata #9395
Merged
@coderabbitai coderabbitai Bot mentioned this pull request Nov 5, 2026
Replace runtime type-name checks with type identity #9723
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3 participants

@1ndahous3 @youknowone @fanninpm
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