When using source or by downloading the code directly from the repository, it is important to run the database upgrade script if you experience any errors referring to missing tables or columns in the database.

Changes to the database are committed to the cacti.sql file which is used for new installations and committed to the installer database upgrade for existing installations. Because the version number does not change until release in the develop branch, which will result in the database upgrade not running, it is important to either use the database upgrade script to force the current version or update the version in the database.

When Cacti was first developed nearly 20 years ago, MySQL was not as mature as it is now. When The Cacti Group went about engineering Cacti 1.x, a decision was made to force users to use the InnoDB storage engine for many of the Tables. This was done as the InnoDB storage engine provides a better user experience when your web site has several concurrent logins. Though a little slower, it also provides greater resiliency for the developers.

With that said, there are several changes that you MUST perform to MySQL/MariaDB before you upgrade, and a service restart is required. Depending on your release of MariaDB or MySQL, the following settings will either be required, or already enabled as default:

[mysqld]

# required for multiple language support
character-set-server = utf8mb4
collation-server = utf8mb4_unicode_ci

# Memory tunables - Cacti provides recommendations at upgrade time
max_heap_table_size = XXX
max_allowed_packet = 500M
tmp_table_size = XXX
join_buffer_size = XXX
sort_buffer_size = XXX

# important for compatibility
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION

# innodb settings - Cacti provides recommendations at upgrade time
innodb_buffer_pool_instances = XXX
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_buffer_pool_size = XXX
innodb_sort_buffer_size = XXX
innodb_doublewrite = ON

# required
innodb_file_per_table = ON
innodb_file_format = Barracuda
innodb_large_prefix = 1

# not all version support
innodb_flush_log_at_timeout = 3

# for SSD's/NVMe
innodb_read_io_threads = 32
innodb_write_io_threads = 16
innodb_io_capacity = 10000
innodb_io_capacity_max = 20000
innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT

The required settings are very important. Otherwise, you will encounter issues upgrading. The settings with XXX, Cacti will provide a recommendation at upgrade time. It is not out of the ordinary to have to restart MySQL/MariaDB during the upgrade to tune these settings. Please make special note of this before you begin your upgrade.

Before you upgrade, you should make these required changes, then restart MySQL/MariaDB. After that, you can save yourself some time and potential errors by running the following scripts (assuming you are using bash):

for table in `mysql -e "SELECT TABLE_NAME FROM information_schema.TABLES WHERE table_schema='cacti' AND engine!='MEMORY'" cacti | grep -v TABLE_NAME`;
do
   echo "Converting $table";
   mysql -e "ALTER TABLE $table ENGINE=InnoDB ROW_FORMAT=Dynamic CHARSET=utf8mb4" cacti;
done

This will convert any tables that are either InnoDB or MyISAM to Barracuda file format, dynamic row format and utf8mb4. Note, that if you have been using MySQL or MariaDB without innodb_file_per_table set to on, you might be better in backing up your database, resetting InnoDB by removing your ib* files in the /var/lib/mysql directory, and after which restoring your database and MySQL/MariaDB tables and permissions. Before you take such a step, you should always practice on a test server until you feel comfortable with the change.

Good luck, and enjoy Cacti!

sudo -u cacti php -q cli/upgrade_database.php --forcever=`cat include/cacti_version`

update version set cacti = '1.1.38';

Note: Change the above version to the correct version or risk the installer upgrading from a previous version.

Cacti is a complete network graphing solution designed to harness the power of RRDtool's data storage and graphing functionality providing the following features:

• Remote and local data collectors

• Device discovery

• Automation of device and graph creation

• Graph and device templating

• Custom data collection methods

• User, group and domain access controls

All of this is wrapped in an intuitive, easy to use interface that makes sense for both LAN-sized installations and complex networks with thousands of devices.

Developed in the early 2000s by Ian Berry as a high school project, it has been used by thousands of companies and enthusiasts to monitor and manage their Enterprise Networks and Data Centers.

Cacti should be able to run on any Linux, UNIX, or Windows based operating system with the following requirements:

• PHP 5.4+

• MySQL 5.1+

• RRDtool 1.3+, 1.5+ recommended

• NET-SNMP 5.5+

• Web Server with PHP support

PHP Must also be compiled as a standalone cgi or cli binary. This is required for data gathering via cron.

We mark the php-snmp module as optional. So long as you are not using ipv6 devices, or using snmpv3 engine IDs or contexts, then using php-snmp should be safe. Otherwise, you should consider uninstalling the php-snmp module as it will create problems. We are aware of the problem with php-snmp and looking to get involved in the php project to resolve these issues.

RRDtool is available in multiple versions and a majority of them are supported by Cacti. Please remember to confirm your Cacti settings for the RRDtool version if you having problem rendering graphs.

Documentation is available with the Cacti releases and also available for viewing on the Documentation Repository.

Check out the main Cacti web site for downloads, change logs, release notes and more!

Given the large scope of Cacti, the forums tend to generate a respectable amount of traffic. Doing your part in answering basic questions goes a long way since we cannot be everywhere at once. Contribute to the Cacti community by participating on the Cacti Community Forums.

Get involved in creating and editing Cacti Documentation! Fork, change and submit a pull request to help improve the documentation on GitHub.

Get involved in development of Cacti! Join the developers and community on GitHub!

Cacti handles the gathering of data through the concept of data sources. Data sources utilize input methods to gather data from devices, hosts, databases, scripts, etc... The possibilities are endless as to the nature of the data you are able to collect. Data sources are the direct link to the underlying RRD files; how data is stored within RRD files and how data is retrieved from RRD files.

Graphs, the heart and soul of Cacti, are created by RRDtool using the defined data sources definition.

Bringing it all together, Cacti uses and extensive template system that allows for the creation and consumption of portable templates. Graph, data source, and RRA templates allow for the easy creation of graphs and data sources out of the box. Along with the Cacti community support, templates have become the standard way to support graphing any number of devices in use in today computing and networking environments.

Local and remote data collection support with the ability to set collection intervals. Check out Data Source Profile with in Cacti for more information. Data Source Profiles can be applied to graphs at creation time or at the data template level.

Remote data collection has been made easy through replication of resources to remote data collectors. Even when connectivity to the main Cacti installation is lost from remote data collector, it will store collected data until connectivity is restored. Remote data collection only requires MySQL and HTTP/HTTPS access back to the main Cacti installation location.

Cacti provides administrators a series of network automation functionality in order to reduce the time and effort it takes to setup and manage devices.

• Multiple definable network discovery rules

• Automation templates that specify how devices are configured

Cacti is more than a network monitoring system, it is an operations framework that allows the extension and augmentation of Cacti functionality. The Cacti Group continues to maintain an assortment of plugins. If you are looking to add features to Cacti, there is quite a bit of reference material to choose from on GitHub.

Cacti allows for many runtime augmentations while viewing graphs:

• Dynamically loaded tree and graph view

• Searching by string, graph and template types

• Viewing augmentation

• Simple time span adjustments

• Convenient sliding time window buttons

• Single click realtime graph option

• Easy graph export to csv

• RRA view with just a click

Support for per user and per group permissions at a per realm (area of Cacti), per graph, per graph tree, per device, etc... The permission model in Cacti is role based access control (RBAC) to allow for flexible assignment of permissions. Support for enforcement of password complexity, password age and changing of expired passwords.

Cacti supports most RRDtool graphing abilities including:

• Full right axis

• Shift

• Dash and dash offset

• Alt y-grid

• No grid fit

• Units length

• Tab width

• Dynamic labels

• Rules legend

• Legend position

• VDEFs

• Stacked lines

• User definable line widths

• Text alignment

Copyright (c) 2004-2025 - The Cacti Group, Inc.