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Typed HTTP errors for FastAPI — exact Literal codes in OpenAPI, discriminated oneOf unions on the code field, and a single source of truth: the error class itself.

In plain FastAPI, raise HTTPException(404, "...") buries the error code in a string — clients can't switch on it, OpenAPI has no code type or body schema, and you hand-maintain responses={} on every route. This package makes an error a class: its HTTP status, machine-readable code and response model are declared once and derived automatically, so your error contract is typed, self-documenting, and verifiable in CI.

class NotFoundError(BaseError[Literal[ErrorCode.NOT_FOUND]]):
    http_status = HTTPStatus.NOT_FOUND


@router.get("/items/{item_id}")
def get_item(item_id: int) -> Annotated[Item, Raises[NotFoundError]]:
    if item_id == 0:
        raise NotFoundError("No item")
    return Item(item_id=item_id)

The response body is always {"code": "NOT_FOUND", "detail": "No item"}, and OpenAPI gets a 404 with the exact Literal["NOT_FOUND"] code and body model — no manual responses.

pip install fastapi-typed-errors          # core + decorator
pip install "fastapi-typed-errors[cli]"   # + the CI-checker CLI

Requires Python 3.12+, FastAPI ≥ 0.115, Pydantic ≥ 2.9.

1. Define errors and register the one handler.

from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi_typed_errors import BaseError, handle_base_error

app = FastAPI()
app.add_exception_handler(BaseError, handle_base_error)

2. Declare errors — pick your level of magic:

# a) by hand (core only) — write responses yourself
@app.get("/x", responses={404: {"model": error_models(NotFoundError)}})
def a() -> Item: ...


# b) declared — the marker fills responses for you
router = with_errors(APIRouter())


@router.get("/y")
def b() -> Annotated[Item, Raises[NotFoundError, ForbiddenError]]: ...


# c) automatic — no markers at all; errors are found statically
router = with_errors(APIRouter(), auto=True)


@router.get("/z")
def c(user: Annotated[User, Depends(current_user)]) -> Item:
    raise NotFoundError("...")  # auto -> 404, plus whatever current_user raises

3. Verify the contract in CI. check_raises compares what each route declares against what it can actually raise — in the endpoint and its whole dependency tree:

def test_error_contracts() -> None:
    assert check_raises(app).ok

Or as a command: fastapi-typed-errors check app.main:app (exit 0/1/2).

• Exact types in OpenAPI — a precise Literal code per status; several errors on one status become a discriminated oneOf union, so Swagger UI shows a variant picker by code.
• Single source of truth — status, code and model declared once; the metaclass derives the rest.
• Zero-boilerplate responses — via the Raises marker or fully automatic auto=True.
• Static contract checking — check_raises catches a raise you forgot to declare (or a dead declaration) before it ships.
• Non-invasive — with_errors patches the router in place and preserves object identity, so include_router, websockets and app-level decorators keep working natively.
• Rigorous — fully typed (py.typed), 100% branch-covered, checked with ruff + ty at max strictness.

📖 Full documentation — guide, customization (custom envelopes, ABC, bare-string codes), limitations, and an auto-generated API reference. Available in English and Russian.

MIT.