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Expand Up		@@ -59,3 +59,11 @@ bound into a function.

		For efficiently iterating over the line numbers in a code object, use `the API described in PEP 626
		<https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0626/#out-of-process-debuggers-and-profilers>`_.

		.. c:function:: int PyCode_Addr2Location(PyObject co, int byte_offset, int start_line, int start_column, int end_line, int *end_column)

		Sets the passed ``int`` pointers to the source code line and column numbers
		for the instruction at ``byte_offset``. Sets the value to ``0`` when
		information is not available for any particular element.

		Returns ``1`` if the function succeeds and 0 otherwise.

33 changes: 33 additions & 0 deletions 33 Doc/reference/datamodel.rst

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Expand Up		@@ -1015,6 +1015,39 @@ Internal types
		If a code object represents a function, the first item in :attr:`co_consts` is
		the documentation string of the function, or ``None`` if undefined.

		.. method:: codeobject.co_positions()
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		Returns an iterable over the source code positions of each bytecode
		instruction in the code object.

		The iterator returns tuples containing the ``(start_line, end_line,
		start_column, end_column)``. The i-th tuple corresponds to the
		position of the source code that compiled to the i-th instruction.
		Column information is 0-indexed utf-8 byte offsets on the given source
		line.

		This positional information can be missing. A non-exhaustive lists of
		cases where this may happen:

		- Running the interpreter with :option:`-X` ``no_debug_ranges``.
		- Loading a pyc file compiled while using :option:`-X` ``no_debug_ranges``.
		- Position tuples corresponding to artificial instructions.
		- Line and column numbers that can't be represented due to
		implementation specific limitations.

		When this occurs, some or all of the tuple elements can be
		:const:`None`.

		.. versionadded:: 3.11

		.. note::
		This feature requires storing column positions in code objects which may
		result in a small increase of disk usage of compiled Python files or
		interpreter memory usage. To avoid storing the extra information and/or
		deactivate printing the extra traceback information, the
		:option:`-X` ``no_debug_ranges`` command line flag or the :envvar:`PYTHONNODEBUGRANGES`
		environment variable can be used.

		.. _frame-objects:

		Frame objects
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77 changes: 77 additions & 0 deletions 77 Doc/whatsnew/3.11.rst

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Expand Up		@@ -70,6 +70,83 @@ Summary -- Release highlights
		New Features
		============

		.. _whatsnew311-pep657:

		Enhanced error locations in tracebacks
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		--------------------------------------
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		When printing tracebacks, the interpreter will now point to the exact expression
		that caused the error instead of just the line. For example:

		.. code-block:: python

		Traceback (most recent call last):
		File "distance.py", line 11, in <module>
		print(manhattan_distance(p1, p2))
		^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
		File "distance.py", line 6, in manhattan_distance
		return abs(point_1.x - point_2.x) + abs(point_1.y - point_2.y)
		^^^^^^^^^
		AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'x'

		Previous versions of the interpreter would point to just the line making it
		ambiguous which object was ``None``. These enhanced errors can also be helpful
		when dealing with deeply nested dictionary objects and multiple function calls,

		.. code-block:: python

		Traceback (most recent call last):
		File "query.py", line 37, in <module>
		magic_arithmetic('foo')
		^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
		File "query.py", line 18, in magic_arithmetic
		return add_counts(x) / 25
		^^^^^^^^^^^^^
		File "query.py", line 24, in add_counts
		return 25 + query_user(user1) + query_user(user2)
		^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
		File "query.py", line 32, in query_user
		return 1 + query_count(db, response['a']['b']['c']['user'], retry=True)
		~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^
		TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not subscriptable

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		as well as complex arithmetic expressions:

		.. code-block:: python

		Traceback (most recent call last):
		File "calculation.py", line 54, in <module>
		result = (x / y / z) * (a / b / c)
		~~~~~~^~~
		ZeroDivisionError: division by zero

		See :pep:`657` for more details. (Contributed by Pablo Galindo, Batuhan Taskaya
		and Ammar Askar in :issue:`43950`.)

		.. note::
		This feature requires storing column positions in code objects which may
		result in a small increase of disk usage of compiled Python files or
		interpreter memory usage. To avoid storing the extra information and/or
		deactivate printing the extra traceback information, the
		:option:`-X` ``no_debug_ranges`` command line flag or the :envvar:`PYTHONNODEBUGRANGES`
		environment variable can be used.

		Column information for code objects
		~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

		The information used by the enhanced traceback feature is made available as a
		general API that can be used to correlate bytecode instructions with source
		code. This information can be retrieved using:

		- The :meth:`codeobject.co_positions` method in Python.
		- The :c:func:`PyCode_Addr2Location` function in the C-API.

		The :option:`-X` ``no_debug_ranges`` option and the environment variable
		:envvar:`PYTHONNODEBUGRANGES` can be used to disable this feature.

		See :pep:`657` for more details. (Contributed by Pablo Galindo, Batuhan Taskaya
		and Ammar Askar in :issue:`43950`.)



		Other Language Changes
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6 changes: 6 additions & 0 deletions 6 Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2021-07-06-15-27-11.bpo-43950.LhL2-q.rst

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		@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
		Code objects can now provide the column information for instructions when
		available. This is levaraged during traceback printing to show the
		expressions responsible for errors.

		Contributed by Pablo Galindo, Batuhan Taskaya and Ammar Askar as part of
		:pep:`657`.

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