1. BEST: Make all of your changes to upstream Linux. If appropriate, backport to the stable releases. These patches will be merged automatically in the corresponding common kernels. If the patch is already in upstream Linux, post a backport of the patch that conforms to the patch requirements below.

   • Do not send patches upstream that contain only symbol exports. To be considered for upstream Linux, additions of EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL() require an in-tree modular driver that uses the symbol -- so include the new driver or changes to an existing driver in the same patchset as the export.
   • When sending patches upstream, the commit message must contain a clear case for why the patch is needed and beneficial to the community. Enabling out-of-tree drivers or functionality is not a persuasive case.

2. LESS GOOD: Develop your patches out-of-tree (from an upstream Linux point-of-view). Unless these are fixing an Android-specific bug, these are very unlikely to be accepted unless they have been coordinated with [email protected]. If you want to proceed, post a patch that conforms to the patch requirements below.

• All patches must conform to the Linux kernel coding standards and pass scripts/checkpatch.pl
• Patches shall not break gki_defconfig or allmodconfig builds for arm, arm64, x86, x86_64 architectures (see https://source.android.com/setup/build/building-kernels)
• If the patch is not merged from an upstream branch, the subject must be tagged with the type of patch: UPSTREAM:, BACKPORT:, FROMGIT:, FROMLIST:, or ANDROID:.
• All patches must have a Change-Id: tag (see https://gerrit-review.googlesource.com/Documentation/user-changeid.html)
• If an Android bug has been assigned, there must be a Bug: tag.
• All patches must have a Signed-off-by: tag by the author and the submitter

Additional requirements are listed below based on patch type

• If the patch is a cherry-pick from Linux mainline with no changes at all
  • tag the patch subject with UPSTREAM:.
  • add upstream commit information with a (cherry picked from commit ...) line
  • Example:
    • if the upstream commit message is

        important patch from upstream

        This is the detailed description of the important patch

        Signed-off-by: Fred Jones <[email protected]>

• then Joe Smith would upload the patch for the common kernel as

        UPSTREAM: important patch from upstream

        This is the detailed description of the important patch

        Signed-off-by: Fred Jones <[email protected]>

        Bug: 135791357
        Change-Id: I4caaaa566ea080fa148c5e768bb1a0b6f7201c01
        (cherry picked from commit c31e73121f4c1ec41143423ac6ce3ce6dafdcec1)
        Signed-off-by: Joe Smith <[email protected]>

• If the patch requires any changes from the upstream version, tag the patch with BACKPORT: instead of UPSTREAM:.
  • use the same tags as UPSTREAM:
  • add comments about the changes under the (cherry picked from commit ...) line
  • Example:

        BACKPORT: important patch from upstream

        This is the detailed description of the important patch

        Signed-off-by: Fred Jones <[email protected]>

        Bug: 135791357
        Change-Id: I4caaaa566ea080fa148c5e768bb1a0b6f7201c01
        (cherry picked from commit c31e73121f4c1ec41143423ac6ce3ce6dafdcec1)
        [joe: Resolved minor conflict in drivers/foo/bar.c ]
        Signed-off-by: Joe Smith <[email protected]>

• If the patch has been merged into an upstream maintainer tree, but has not yet been merged into Linux mainline
  • tag the patch subject with FROMGIT:
  • add info on where the patch came from as (cherry picked from commit <sha1> <repo> <branch>). This must be a stable maintainer branch (not rebased, so don't use linux-next for example).
  • if changes were required, use BACKPORT: FROMGIT:
  • Example:
    • if the commit message in the maintainer tree is

        important patch from upstream

        This is the detailed description of the important patch

        Signed-off-by: Fred Jones <[email protected]>

• then Joe Smith would upload the patch for the common kernel as

        FROMGIT: important patch from upstream

        This is the detailed description of the important patch

        Signed-off-by: Fred Jones <[email protected]>

        Bug: 135791357
        (cherry picked from commit 878a2fd9de10b03d11d2f622250285c7e63deace
         https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/foo/bar.git test-branch)
        Change-Id: I4caaaa566ea080fa148c5e768bb1a0b6f7201c01
        Signed-off-by: Joe Smith <[email protected]>

• If the patch has been submitted to LKML, but not accepted into any maintainer tree
  • tag the patch subject with FROMLIST:
  • add a Link: tag with a link to the submittal on lore.kernel.org
  • add a Bug: tag with the Android bug (required for patches not accepted into a maintainer tree)
  • if changes were required, use BACKPORT: FROMLIST:
  • Example:

        FROMLIST: important patch from upstream

        This is the detailed description of the important patch

        Signed-off-by: Fred Jones <[email protected]>

        Bug: 135791357
        Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/[email protected]/
        Change-Id: I4caaaa566ea080fa148c5e768bb1a0b6f7201c01
        Signed-off-by: Joe Smith <[email protected]>

• If a patch has been submitted to the community, but rejected, do NOT use the FROMLIST: tag to try to hide this fact. Use the ANDROID: tag as described below as this must be considered as an Android-specific submission, not an upstream submission as the community will not accept these changes as-is.

• If the patch is fixing a bug to Android-specific code
  • tag the patch subject with ANDROID:
  • add a Fixes: tag that cites the patch with the bug
  • Example:

        ANDROID: fix android-specific bug in foobar.c

        This is the detailed description of the important fix

        Fixes: 1234abcd2468 ("foobar: add cool feature")
        Change-Id: I4caaaa566ea080fa148c5e768bb1a0b6f7201c01
        Signed-off-by: Joe Smith <[email protected]>

• If the patch is a new feature
  • tag the patch subject with ANDROID:
  • add a Bug: tag with the Android bug (required for android-specific features)