This page was last updated on 8^th September 2026

Compliance status

IOPscience is committed to achieving Web Content Accessibility Guidelines version 2.2 level AA compliance. This statement is aligned with the European Accessibility Act (EAA) and EN 301 549 (the EU accessibility standard). A full break down of the success criteria this website supports, partially supports and does not support is detailed in our Accessibility Conformance Report (ACR) (DOCX, 133KB).

Previous versions of the ACR are available to download on Github.

Scope

This accessibility statement applies to https://iopscience.iop.org. it is owned and maintained by IOP Publishing. We want as many people as possible to be able to use this website. For example, that means you should be able to:

• change colours, contrast levels and fonts
• navigate most of the website using speech recognition software
• zoom in up to 300% without the text spilling off the screen
• navigate most of the website using just a keyboard
• listen to most of the website using a screen reader (including the most recent versions of JAWS, NVDA and VoiceOver)

Due to the nature of the content published on this website, we must however make some purposeful exceptions to some accessibility best practices. For example:

• Content is written at a higher reading level
• Content contains complex ideas and concepts, presented alongside mathematic formulae and detailed charts.

How accessible this website is

We know some parts of this website are not fully accessible at this moment in time:

• some videos are missing audio description
• some graphics are missing or do not have sufficient alternative text to describe their contents
• PDF documents are not tagged
• some links do not have sufficient link text to clearly describe their purpose/function

Feedback and contact information

If you need information on this website in a different format like accessible PDF, audio recording or braille:

• email [email protected]
• call +44 (0)117 929 7481

We are constantly assessing this website for ways to improve accessibility. If you find any problems not listed on this page or think we are not meeting accessibility requirements, please contact [email protected]. We'll consider your feedback and get back to you within 3 working days.

File formats

Article content is available in full text on the web or in PDF format. Books content is available as full text on the web, EPUB3 and Kindle book formats.

Citation, abstract and references for both articles and books may be downloaded in BibTeX and RIS formats.

Accessibility features

MathJax

We use the MathJax display engine to display mathematical expressions. When encountering an expression you can use the Space key to access a contextual menu, including options to adjust how math is displayed.

Mouse clicking on an expression will display a zoomed in version in a pop up window. The zoom factor can be adjusted inside the contextual menu by selecting "Math Settings" and then "Zoom Factor".

If you need to copy the math source into another application, open the contextual menu and select "Show Math As" and then "MathML Code" or "TeX Commands". Either option will open a pop-up window allowing you to copy the source to your computer's clipboard.

Note: Due to an existing MathJax bug we are currently unable to automatically activate the accessibility features from within the contextual menu. For optimum support we suggest turning this on so that all mathematical characters are read correctly. From within the menu, select "Accessibility" and then "Activate". The changes should take effect immediately, but if they don't or if you find the equations disappear, please refresh the page.

When the Accessibility option is activated and an expression has focus, using the Enter key will open the expression explorer. You can navigate the levels of a formula using the Down, Up, Right and Left keys. Use the Escape key to dismiss the explorer. The official MathJax website contains a full list of expression navigation key bindings.

The quality of MathML support can vary between screenreaders. Please refer to the MathJax screen reader support documentation for more details.

Note: Some mathematical expressions do not have accompanying MathML code, and so are not converted by MathJax. These expressions remain as images and have no accessible description.

Interactive figures

For some articles, we provide an interactive mode for figures, allowing readers to explore data. Such figures may be manipulated with dragging movements using a mouse or finger. Alternatively, for some cases keyboard controls are available for navigating and interacting with the figures, in the form of a toolbar at the top of the figure. The following keyboard combinations may be used to pan, rotate and zoom when the figure has focus:

• Pan: Up, Down, Left and Right arrow keys
• Rotate: Shift + Up, Down, Left and Right arrow keys
• Zoom: Minus and Plus keys

Known barriers

PDF Accessibility

PDFs are not tagged for reading order. We have assessed the cost and resource required to make our full catalogue of PDF content fully accessible and at this moment in time cannot commit to amending this content format. However, it should be noted that the majority of content is also available in a full-text web-based format. IOPP conference series papers are currently only available as PDF.

Including alternative text for all images

We have scoped out the requirements for adding alternative text for every image on this website. Unfortunately, this too is a task that we cannot currently address due to the attendant costs.

What we're doing to improve accessibility

Since 2016 IOP Publishing has been regularly partnering with an independent third-party web accessibility auditor to help identify and resolve accessibility issues.

Our staff have received training and have obtained certifications in web accessibility to help ensure that all updates to this website meet current WCAG guidelines at level AA.

Accessibility Roadmap

We endeavour to be honest and transparent about our accessibility conformance. We are continuously improving the accessibility and usability of the platform and the table below outlines the issues that still need addressing.