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GeezerVison is showing ourworldindata.org — Pandemics Disease outbreaks may be inevitable, but large-scale pandemics are not. The world can respond swiftly and effectively to pandemic risks in the future with better understanding, resources, and effort. To avoid suffering through another large pandemic, we have to take the risk of pandemics seriously. Despite warnings that another one was likely, the COVID-19 pandemic killed more than 27 million people.1 We must build the capacity to test for pathogens and understand them: which pathogens put us at the greatest risk, how they spread, and how to tackle them. We know it is possible to greatly reduce the risk of infectious disease. We’ve learned over history how to reduce their impact with vaccines, public health efforts, and medicine. In addition to the old risks, we face new threats from factory farming, genetic modification, climate change, and antimicrobial resistance. With more attention and effort, we can reduce their risks too. On this page, we show data and research on pandemics in history and how we can reduce their risk in the future. Research & WritingJuly 20, 2020 Our history is a battle against the microbes: we lost terribly before science, public health, and vaccines allowed us to protect ourselvesFor most of history, we were losing the battle against microbes. Vaccines were one of the breakthroughs that turned it around. Max Roser December 7, 2023 What were the death tolls from pandemics in history?Pandemics have killed millions of people throughout history. How many deaths were caused by different pandemics, and how have researchers estimated their death tolls? Saloni Dattani Articles on pandemics in historyMarch 4, 2020 The Spanish flu: the global impact of the largest influenza pandemic in historyMax Roser June 28, 2018 SmallpoxSophie Ochmann, Saloni Dattani, and Max Roser November 26, 2020 Breaking out of the Malthusian trap: How pandemics allow us to understand why our ancestors were stuck in povertyMax Roser December 1, 2019 Antiretroviral therapy has saved millions of lives from AIDS and could save moreBernadeta Dadonaite Articles on pandemic risksArticles on COVID-19November 23, 2021 How do death rates from COVID-19 differ between people who are vaccinated and those who are not?Edouard Mathieu and Max Roser May 22, 2020 Excess mortality during the Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19)Edouard Mathieu, Hannah Ritchie, Lucas Rodés-Guirao, Cameron Appel, Daniel Gavrilov, Charlie Giattino, Joe Hasell, Bobbie Macdonald, Saloni Dattani, Diana Beltekian, Esteban Ortiz-Ospina, and Max Roser Key Charts on PandemicsSee all charts on this topic
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