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Table of Contents

Operator Precedence in Python Programming

In this lesson, we will learn what is the rule of Operator Precedence in Python programming and how it works with some examples.

What is Operator Precedence

Operator Precedence in Python programming is a rule that describe which operator is solved first in an expression. For example: * and / have same precedence and their associativity is Left to Right, so the expression 18 / 2 * 5 is treated as (18 / 2) * 5.

Video Explanation

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Let's take another example say x = 8 + 4 * 2; here value of x will be 16 and not 24 why, because * operator has a higher precedence than + operator. So 4*2 gets multiplied first and then adds into 8.

Operator Associativity means how operators of the same precedence are evaluated in an expression. Associativity can be either from left to right or right to left.

Basic Operator Precedence

When solving arithmetic equations, follow this order:

1. Brackets ( )

If brackets are there in an equation then it will be solved first.

Example:
(2 + 3) * 4 -> first do 2 + 3 -> then multiply.

2. Multiplication, Division, Modulus and Floor Division: *, /, %, //

These are equal in priority. Solve from left to right as they appear in an equation.

Example:
   12 / 2 * 3
   -> First do 12 / 2 = 6
   -> Then 6 * 3 = 18

Do not do multiplication before division or vice versa — just go left to right.

3. Addition and Subtraction: +, −

These also have equal priority. Solve from left to right as they appear in an equation.

Example:
   10 − 3 + 2
   -> First do 10 − 3 = 7
   -> Then 7 + 2 = 9

Now let's see some examples for more understanding.

Example

x = 45 % 2 + 3 * 2   # result of x is 7

Explanation

45 % 2 + 3 * 2
45 % 2 + 3 * 2   will be solved as per operator precedence rule
1 + 3 * 2    will be solved as per operator precedence rule
1 + 6    will be solved as per operator precedence rule
7 (Answer)

Example

x = 19 + (5 / 2) + 4 % 2 - 6 * 3   # result of x is 3.5

Explanation

19 + (5 / 2) + 4 % 2 - 6 * 3
19 + (5 / 2) + 4 % 2 - 6 * 3     will be solved as per operator precedence rule
19 + 2.5 + 4 % 2 - 6 * 3     will be solved as per operator precedence rule
19 + 2.5 + 0 - 6 * 3     will be solved as per operator precedence rule
19 + 2.5 + 0 - 18     will be solved as per operator precedence rule
21.5 + 0 - 18     will be solved as per operator precedence rule
21.5 - 18     will be solved as per operator precedence rule
3.5 (Answer)

List of Operator Precedence in Python

The table below shows all the operators in Python with precedence.

OPERATOR	DESCRIPTION	ASSOCIATIVITY
( )	Parentheses	Left to Right
**	Exponent	Right to Left
~ + -	Unary Bitwise NOT, Unary Plus, Unary Minus	Right to Left
* / // %	Multiplication Division Floor Division Modulus	Left to Right
+ -	Addition, Subtraction	Left to Right
<< >>	Bitwise left shift Bitwise right shift	Left to Right
& \| ^	Bitwise AND Bitwise OR Bitwise XOR	Left to Right
> >= < <= == !=	Greater than Greater then or equal to Less then Less then or equal to Equal to Not equal to	Left to Right
is, is not in, not in	Identity Operators Membership Operators	Left to Right
and, or	Logical AND Logical OR	Left to Right
not	Logical Not	Right to Left

Test Your Knowledge

Attempt the questions in the exercise to check whether you have understood the lesson clearly.

Exercise

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