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Summary: in this tutorial, you’ll learn how to concatenate strings in JavaScript.

JavaScript provides various options that allow you to concatenate two or more strings:

• Use the concat() method
• Use the + and += operators
• Use the template literals

1) Using the concat() method #

The String.prototype.concat() concatenates two or more string arguments and returns a new string:

let newString = string.concat(...str);

The concat() accepts a varied number of string arguments and returns a new string containing the combined string arguments.

If you pass non-string arguments into the concat(), it will convert these arguments to a string before concatenating. For example:

let racing = 'Formula ' + 1;
console.log(racing);

Output:

Formula 1

This example concatenates strings into a new string:

let result = concat('JavaScript', ' ', 'String',' ', 'Concatenation');
console.log(result);

Output:

JavaScript String Concatenation

The following example concatenates all string elements in an array into a string:

let list = ['JavaScript',' ', 'String',' ', 'Concatenation'];
let result = ''.concat(...list);

console.log(result);

Output:

JavaScript String Concatenation

2) Using the + and += operators #

The operator + allows you to concatenate two strings. For example:

let lang = 'JavaScript';
let result = lang + ' String';

console.log(result);

Output:

JavaScript String

To compose a string piece by piece, you use the += operator:

let className = 'navbar';
className += ' primary-color';
className += ' sticky-bar';

console.log(className);

Output:

According to a performance test on some modern web browsers, the + and += operators perform faster than the concat() method.

3) Using template literals #

ES6 introduces the template literals that allow you to perform string interpolation.

The following example shows how to concatenate three strings:

let navbarClass = 'navbar';
let primaryColor = 'primary-color';
let stickyClass = 'sticky-bar';

let className = `${navbarClass} ${primaryColor} ${stickyClass}`;

console.log(className);

Output:

navbar primary-color stickyBar

In this tutorial, you have learned how to concatenate strings in JavaScript using the concat() method, + and += operator, and template literals.

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