Writing C++ programs yourself is the best way to learn the C++ language. C++ programs are also asked in the interviews. This article covers the top practice problems for basic C++ programs on topics like control flow, patterns, and functions to complex ones like pointers, arrays, and strings.

Basic C++ Programs

Start with foundational tasks such as printing statements, taking input, and performing basic arithmetic operations:

• Hello World
• Display Your Name
• User Input
• Sum of Two Numbers
• Swap two numbers
• Size of int, float, double, char
• Float Multiplication
• ASCII Value of a Character 
• Convert Fahrenheit to Celsius
• Calculate Simple Interest
• Calculate Compound Interest
• Area and Perimeter of Rectangle

C++ Control Flow Programs

After basic operations, this section introduces decision-making structures and looping techniques that allow you to control the flow of your program.

• Check for Even Odd
• Largest Among 3
• Vowel/Consonant Check
• Leap Year Check
• Multiplication Table
• Sum of n Natural Numbers
• Factorial of a Number
• Reverse a Number
• GCD of two numbers
• LCM of two numbers
• Palindrome Check
• Prime Check
• Primes in Range
• Neon Numbers in Range
• Armstrong Number
• Armstrong Numbers Between 1 to 1000
• nth Fibonacci Number
• Even Index Fibonacci Sum
• Calculate the Power of a Number
• Factors of a Natural Number
• Basic Calculator

C++ Pattern Printing Programs

Once you're familiar with loops, it's time to apply them by solving problems that involve printing various patterns and shapes.

• Right Half Pyramid
• Left Half Pyramid
• Full Pyramid
• Inverted Pyramid
• Triangle Pattern
• Number Pattern
• Character Pattern
• Continuous Character Pattern
• Diamond Pyramid
• Inverted Hollow Pyramid 
• Hollow Diamond Pyramid
• Pascal's Triangle
• Floyd's Triangle
• Reverse Floyd's Triangle

C++ Function Programs

Now that you’re comfortable with patterns, move on to writing functions, exploring overloading, recursion, and how functions improve code reusability.

• Primes in Range
• Sum of Two Primes Check
• Recursive Sum of n
• Factorial using Recursion
• Recursive Sentence Reverse
• Power using Recursion
• Variadic Templates

C++ Array Programs

This section focuses on problems related to arrays, including initialization, traversal, manipulation, and operations like summing elements or finding the largest/smallest element.

• Array Equality Check
• Array Max & Min
• Array Average
• Merge Arrays
• 2D Array
• Common Array Elements
• Remove Duplicates
• Remove Element
• Prefix Sum
• Rotate Array
• Reverse Copy Array

C++ Matrix Programs

After arrays, extend your skills to 2D matrices, learning how to handle more complex data structures and perform matrix operations.

• Matrix Addition
• Matrix Equality Check
• Matrix Diagonal Check
• Matrix Boundary Elements
• Matrix Transpose
• Matrix Determinant
• Normal and Trace of Matrix
• Matrix Multiplication
• Rotate Matrix
• Swap First & Last Rows
• Matrix Prefix Sum

C++ Pointers Programs

With arrays and matrices understood, explore memory management with pointers, learning dynamic allocation and manipulation of memory.

• Pointers
• Array of Pointers
• Void Pointer
• Reference To a Pointer
• Function pointer
• this Pointer
• Opaque Pointer

C++ String Programs

Problems in this section focus on string manipulation, including operations like concatenation, comparison, reversal, and finding substrings.

• String Length
• Access Characters
• Unicode at index
• Replace a Character
• String Compare
• Concatenate Strings
• Add Binary Strings
• Remove Leading Zeros
• Lexicographical Compare
• Reverse String
• Palindrome Check
• First Letters of Words
• Insert String
• Split String
• Stack based Reverse
• Pangram Check

C++ Conversion Programs

In this section we tackle data conversion problems, like changing between different types and formats, to better handle user input and outputs.

• Binary to Decimal
• Binary to Octal
• Octal to Decimal
• Decimal to Octal
• Hexadecimal to Decimal
• Decimal to Hexadecimal
• Decimal to Binary
• Boolean to String
• String to Double
• Double to String
• String to Long
• Long to String
• Int to Char
• Char to Int

C++ Structures Programs

Now that you know how to handle basic data types, explore structures to group related data together and manage complex data more effectively.

• Structure Function
• Student Structure
• Structure Sorting

C++ Class and Object Programs

With structures covered, learn object-oriented programming by creating classes and objects, which allow you to model real-world entities.

• Create a Class and Object
• Encapsulation
• Inheritance
• Abstraction in Class
• Data Hiding in Class
• Polymorphism in Class
• Function Overloading
• Function Overriding
• Usage of Access Modifier
• Use of This Keyword in Class
• Usage of Static keyword
• Friend Functions
• Virtual Destructor
• Abstract Class
• Singleton Class
• Interface
• Overload Increment ++ and Decrement
• Add Two Complex Numbers

C++ STL Programs

Explore the Standard Template Library (STL) to use pre-built data structures and algorithms that simplify your code and improve performance.

• Reverse Vector
• Copy Vector
• Compare Vectors
• Convert a Vector of Pairs to a Map
• Show transform ()
• Merge Maps
• Stack Of Pairs
• Multiset Frequency
• Multiset with Custom Comparator
• String Permutation
• Array Permutation
• Max & Min in Set
• Next Greater Element
• Reverse Priority
• Binary Search Using STL

C++ Searching and Sorting Programs

In this section, we implement algorithms for searching and sorting data, optimizing performance and efficiency.

• Linear Search
• Binary Search
• String Sort
• Sort 2D Array Rows
• Sort Descending
• Sort Ascending
• Sort 0-1-2 Array
• Wave Sort
• Partial Sort
• Search in Rotated array

C++ File Handling Programs

After mastering classes and objects, dive into file handling, enabling your programs to read from and write to external files for persistent storage.

• New File
• Temporary File
• Write File
• Rename File
• Read-Only File
• Compare File Paths
• Copy File
• Append File
• List Files
• Append String
• Read and Write File

C++ Exception Handling Programs

As your programs become more complex, learn to handle errors gracefully with exception handling, ensuring your code can manage unexpected conditions.

• Runtime Exceptions
• Error Types
• Exception Methods
• Checked Exceptions
• Handle Unchecked Exceptions
• Divide by Zero and Multiple Exceptions
• Unreachable Code Error
• Thread and Memory Errors

C++ Date and Time Programs

In this section, we see how to handle data and times in our programs.

• Calendar Dates
• Current Date and Time
• Local Time to GMT

C++ Miscellaneous Programs

• Quotient & Remainder
• sizeof() Operator
• Name Initials
• Power Without Using * and / Operators
• Quadratic Roots
• Random Doubles
• Hide and Show a Console Window
• Run a C++ Program Without Namespace
• Custom Map (Header)
• Zero XOR Triplets.