In Python 2, both str and bytes are the same typeByte objects whereas in Python 3 Byte objects, defined in Python 3 are "sequence of bytes" and similar to "unicode" objects from Python 2. In this article, we will see the difference between byte objects and strings in Python and also will look at how we can convert byte string to normal string and vice versa.

Byte Objects vs String in Python

Convert String to Byte Objects (Encoding)

PNG, JPEG, MP3, WAV, ASCII, UTF-8 etc are different forms of encodings. An encoding is a format to represent audio, images, text, etc in bytes. Converting Strings to byte objects is termed as encoding. This is necessary so that the text can be stored on disk using mapping using ASCII or UTF-8 encoding techniques.
This task is achieved using encode(). It take encoding technique as argument. Default technique is "UTF-8" technique.

# Python code to demonstrate String encoding
# initialising a String 
a = 'GeeksforGeeks'

# initialising a byte object
c = b'GeeksforGeeks'

# using encode() to encode the String
d = a.encode('ASCII')

# checking if a is converted to bytes or not
if (d==c):
    print ("Encoding successful")
else : print ("Encoding Unsuccessful")

Encoding successful

Convert Byte Objects to String (Decoding)

Similarly, Decoding is process to convert a Byte object to String. It is implemented using decode() . A byte string can be decoded back into a character string, if you know which encoding was used to encode it. Encoding and Decoding are inverse processes. 

# Python code to demonstrate Byte Decoding
# initialising a String 
a = 'GeeksforGeeks'

# initialising a byte object
c = b'GeeksforGeeks'

# using decode() to decode the Byte object
d = c.decode('ASCII')

# checking if c is converted to String or not
if (d==a):
    print ("Decoding successful")
else : print ("Decoding Unsuccessful")

Decoding successful

Concatenating a String and a Byte String

In this example, we have defined a string "Geeks" and a byte string "forGeeks". After that we used decode() method to convert byte string to normal string and then concatenate both of them.

# Define a string
string = "Geeks"

# Define a byte string
byte_str = b"forGeeks"

# Concatenate the string and byte string
ans = string + byte_str.decode()
print(ans)