GeezerVison

Add the ability to assign an optional code to process warnings +
add additional type checking to ensure that names and codes can
only be strings.

PR-URL: #10116
Reviewed-By: Michael Dawson <[email protected]>
Reviewed-By: Michal Zasso <[email protected]>
Reviewed-By: Fedor Indutny <[email protected]>

The --redirect-warnings command line argument allows process warnings
to be written to a specified file rather than printed to stderr.

Also adds an equivalent NODE_REDIRECT_WARNINGS environment variable.

If the specified file cannot be opened or written to for any reason,
the argument is ignored and the warning is printed to stderr.

If the file already exists, it will be appended to.

PR-URL: #10116
Reviewed-By: Michael Dawson <[email protected]>
Reviewed-By: Michal Zasso <[email protected]>
Reviewed-By: Fedor Indutny <[email protected]>

Assigns a static identifier code to all runtime and documentation
only deprecations. The identifier code is included in the emitted
DeprecationWarning.

Also adds a deprecations.md to the API docs to provide a central
location where deprecation codes can be referenced and explained.

PR-URL: #10116
Reviewed-By: Michael Dawson <[email protected]>
Reviewed-By: Michal Zasso <[email protected]>
Reviewed-By: Fedor Indutny <[email protected]>

* **Async Hooks**
  * The `async_hooks` module has landed in core
    [[`4a7233c178`](nodejs@4a7233c178)]
    [nodejs#12892](nodejs#12892).

* **Buffer**
  * Using the `--pending-deprecation` flag will cause Node.js to emit a
    deprecation warning when using `new Buffer(num)` or `Buffer(num)`.
    [[`d2d32ea5a2`](nodejs@d2d32ea5a2)]
    [nodejs#11968](nodejs#11968).
  * `new Buffer(num)` and `Buffer(num)` will zero-fill new `Buffer` instances
    [[`7eb1b4658e`](nodejs@7eb1b4658e)]
    [nodejs#12141](nodejs#12141).
  * Many `Buffer` methods now accept `Uint8Array` as input
    [[`beca3244e2`](nodejs@beca3244e2)]
    [nodejs#10236](nodejs#10236).

* **Child Process**
  * Argument and kill signal validations have been improved
    [[`97a77288ce`](nodejs@97a77288ce)]
    [nodejs#12348](nodejs#12348),
    [[`d75fdd96aa`](nodejs@d75fdd96aa)]
    [nodejs#10423](nodejs#10423).
  * Child Process methods accept `Uint8Array` as input
    [[`627ecee9ed`](nodejs@627ecee9ed)]
    [nodejs#10653](nodejs#10653).

* **Console**
  * Error events emitted when using `console` methods are now supressed.
    [[`f18e08d820`](nodejs@f18e08d820)]
    [nodejs#9744](nodejs#9744).

* **Dependencies**
  * The npm client has been updated to 5.0.0
    [[`3c3b36af0f`](nodejs@3c3b36af0f)]
    [nodejs#12936](nodejs#12936).
  * V8 has been updated to 5.8 with forward ABI stability to 6.0
    [[`60d1aac8d2`](nodejs@60d1aac8d2)]
    [nodejs#12784](nodejs#12784).

* **Domains**
  * Native `Promise` instances are now `Domain` aware
    [[`84dabe8373`](nodejs@84dabe8373)]
    [nodejs#12489](nodejs#12489).

* **Errors**
  * We have started assigning static error codes to errors generated by Node.js.
    This has been done through multiple commits and is still a work in
    progress.

* **File System**
  * The utility class `fs.SyncWriteStream` has been deprecated
    [[`7a55e34ef4`](nodejs@7a55e34ef4)]
    [nodejs#10467](nodejs#10467).
  * The deprecated `fs.read()` string interface has been removed
    [[`3c2a9361ff`](nodejs@3c2a9361ff)]
    [nodejs#9683](nodejs#9683).

* **HTTP**
  * Improved support for userland implemented Agents
    [[`90403dd1d0`](nodejs@90403dd1d0)]
    [nodejs#11567](nodejs#11567).
  * Outgoing Cookie headers are concatenated into a single string
    [[`d3480776c7`](nodejs@d3480776c7)]
    [nodejs#11259](nodejs#11259).
  * The `httpResponse.writeHeader()` method has been deprecated
    [[`fb71ba4921`](nodejs@fb71ba4921)]
    [nodejs#11355](nodejs#11355).
  * New methods for accessing HTTP headers have been added to `OutgoingMessage`
    [[`3e6f1032a4`](nodejs@3e6f1032a4)]
    [nodejs#10805](nodejs#10805).

* **Lib**
  * All deprecation messages have been assigned static identifiers
    [[`5de3cf099c`](nodejs@5de3cf099c)]
    [nodejs#10116](nodejs#10116).
  * The legacy `linkedlist` module has been removed
    [[`84a23391f6`](nodejs@84a23391f6)]
    [nodejs#12113](nodejs#12113).

* **N-API**
  * Experimental support for the new N-API API has been added
    [[`56e881d0b0`](nodejs@56e881d0b0)]
    [nodejs#11975](nodejs#11975).

* **Process**
  * Process warning output can be redirected to a file using the
    `--redirect-warnings` command-line argument
    [[`03e89b3ff2`](nodejs@03e89b3ff2)]
    [nodejs#10116](nodejs#10116).
  * Process warnings may now include additional detail
    [[`dd20e68b0f`](nodejs@dd20e68b0f)]
    [nodejs#12725](nodejs#12725).

* **REPL**
  * REPL magic mode has been deprecated
    [[`3f27f02da0`](nodejs@3f27f02da0)]
    [nodejs#11599](nodejs#11599).

* **Src**
  * `NODE_MODULE_VERSION` has been updated to 57
    (nodejs@ec7cbaf266)]
    [nodejs#12995](nodejs#12995).
  * Add `--pending-deprecation` command-line argument and
    `NODE_PENDING_DEPRECATION` environment variable
    [[`a16b570f8c`](nodejs@a16b570f8c)]
    [nodejs#11968](nodejs#11968).
  * The `--debug` command-line argument has been deprecated. Note that
    using `--debug` will enable the *new* Inspector-based debug protocol
    as the legacy Debugger protocol previously used by Node.js has been
    removed. [[`010f864426`](nodejs@010f864426)]
    [nodejs#12949](nodejs#12949).
  * Throw when the `-c` and `-e` command-line arguments are used at the same
    time [[`a5f91ab230`](nodejs@a5f91ab230)]
    [nodejs#11689](nodejs#11689).
  * Throw when the `--use-bundled-ca` and `--use-openssl-ca` command-line
    arguments are used at the same time.
    [[`8a7db9d4b5`](nodejs@8a7db9d4b5)]
    [nodejs#12087](nodejs#12087).

* **Stream**
  * `Stream` now supports `destroy()` and `_destroy()` APIs
    [[`b6e1d22fa6`](nodejs@b6e1d22fa6)]
    [nodejs#12925](nodejs#12925).
  * `Stream` now supports the `_final()` API
    [[`07c7f198db`](nodejs@07c7f198db)]
    [nodejs#12828](nodejs#12828).

* **TLS**
  * The `rejectUnauthorized` option now defaults to `true`
    [[`348cc80a3c`](nodejs@348cc80a3c)]
    [nodejs#5923](nodejs#5923).
  * The `tls.createSecurePair()` API now emits a runtime deprecation
    [[`a2ae08999b`](nodejs@a2ae08999b)]
    [nodejs#11349](nodejs#11349).
  * A runtime deprecation will now be emitted when `dhparam` is less than
    2048 bits [[`d523eb9c40`](nodejs@d523eb9c40)]
    [nodejs#11447](nodejs#11447).

* **URL**
  * The WHATWG URL implementation is now a fully-supported Node.js API
    [[`d080ead0f9`](nodejs@d080ead0f9)]
    [nodejs#12710](nodejs#12710).

* **Util**
  * `Symbol` keys are now displayed by default when using `util.inspect()`
    [[`5bfd13b81e`](nodejs@5bfd13b81e)]
    [nodejs#9726](nodejs#9726).
  * `toJSON` errors will be thrown when formatting `%j`
    [[`455e6f1dd8`](nodejs@455e6f1dd8)]
    [nodejs#11708](nodejs#11708).
  * Convert `inspect.styles` and `inspect.colors` to prototype-less objects
    [[`aab0d202f8`](nodejs@aab0d202f8)]
    [nodejs#11624](nodejs#11624).
  * The new `util.promisify()` API has been added
    [[`99da8e8e02`](nodejs@99da8e8e02)]
    [nodejs#12442](nodejs#12442).

* **Zlib**
  * Support `Uint8Array` in Zlib convenience methods
    [[`91383e47fd`](nodejs@91383e47fd)]
    [nodejs#12001](nodejs#12001).
  * Zlib errors now use `RangeError` and `TypeError` consistently
    [[`b514bd231e`](nodejs@b514bd231e)]
    [nodejs#11391](nodejs#11391).